• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.626-631
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• 1993

The effects of mugwort on some physicochemical properties of rice flour, on the viscosity of rice flour pastes (2 and 4%), on the hardness and the freeze-thaw stability of rice flour gels (20 and 40%), and on the degree of gelatinization (DG) of pastes and gels were investigated. By addition of mugwort, water holding capacity, swelling power, and solubility of rice flour were increased. The rice flour pastes became thicker by addition of mugwort, but viscosities of both the rice flour pastes and the rice flour-mugwort pastes, without noticeable difference between them, were decreased during storage at $25^{\circ}C\;and\;4^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. The rice flour gels became firmer by addition of mugwort and hardnesses of both the rice flour gels and the rice flour-mugwort gels were increased during storage, especially at $4^{\circ}C$. DGs, measured by glucoamylase digestion, of pastes and gels were decreased slightly during storage. Freeze-thaw stability of gels was not affected by addition of mugwort.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.596-602
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• 1993

The Characteristics of Shinsunchalbyeo(Japonica) and Hangangchalbyeo($J{\times}Idica$) starches including physicochemical properties, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and enzymatic digestion of lintnerized starches were investigated. Degree of hydrolysis of Hangangchalbyeo starch with 2.2N HCI for 48hr was higher than that of shinsunchalbyeo starch. Absorbance at ${\lambda}_{max}$ 680nm, and ${\lambda}_{max}$ of iodine stained starch decreased upon acid treatment. But water binding capacity, swelling power and solubility considerably increased as hydrolysis progressed. Relative crystallinity of two starches increased with acid treatment, and that of Shinsunchalbyeo starch was higher than that of Hangangchalbyeo starch. DSC data continuously decreased for lintnerization periods, and those of Shinsunchalbyeo starch. DSC data continuously decreased for lintnerization periods, and those of Shinsunchalbyeo starch have higher than those of Hangangchalbyeo starch. The onset temperature of starch by DSC continuously decreased by treatment, but conclusion temperature increased until 24hr and then decreased. The enthalpy for gelatinization decreased for both starches. Degree of hydrolysis of lintnerized Shinsunchalbyeo starch with glucoamylase was slightly higher than that of Hangangchalbyeo starch.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.406-412
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• 2008

Biogas plant with anaerobic digestion is receiving high attention as a facility for both livestock waste treatment and electric power generation. Objective of this study was to perform life cycle assessment (LCA) of a biogas plant which incorporates swine and food waste (7:3) as source materials for biogas production. In addition, the biogas production process was compared with the prevalent composting method as a reference in the aspects of green house gas (GHG) reduction potential and environmental impact. The biogas method was capable of reducing 52 kg $CO_2$ eq. emission per ton of swine/food waste, but the composting process was estimated to emit 268 kg $CO_2$ eq. into air. The biogas method was evaluated as more beneficial to the environment by mitigating the impact on abiotic depletion potential (ADP), global warming potential (GWP), ozone depletion potential (ODP), eutrophication potential (EP), and photochemical ozone creation potential (POCP), but not to acidification potential (AP).

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 2020

Prior to utilization of energy and power generation, the biogas from anaerobic digestion of sewage treatment plant(46,000㎡/d) should be purified particularly hydrogen sulfide among the various kinds of impurities. This study has focused on the methane decreasing rate and the removal of both hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. In the case of partial circulation, 59.7% of methane gas was decreased to 57.4% in spite of oxidation process with micro-bubble. Carbon dioxide was removed from 38% to 32% and 76.1% of hydrogen sulfide was removed where 1,400ppm was introduced to the DIWS system, which indicated that DIWS system can be of use for the hydrogen sulfide removal of biogas from sewage treatment plant.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.563-572
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• 2000

The analysis of coal ash is very important to predict some factors, such as slagging and fouling in the boiler, and to determine optimum mixing ratios of the each coals used. In ASTM, the analysis of coal ash is clarified to use lithium metaborate (LiBO$_2$) as a fluxing agent and then to analyze the pre-treated samples using AAS. However, it takes too much time and efforts to analyze many samples by ASTM method, as a result, this method is not proper in our laboratory in charge of analyses of all power plants. So we tried to establish more convenient and accurate analytical method of coal ash by 3 different methods which are 2 different pre-treatment methods (fusion dissolution and microwave digestion) and XRF analysis method using a clear pellet. Although all 3 methods can be utilized to analyze the major elements of coal ash, each method has its own characteristics, therefore, each method should be chosen according to its own purpose.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.31-39
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• 2020

Objectives Danggwisoo-san and Jakyakgamcho-tang are frequently prescribed for traffic accident patients in Korea. The aim of this study was to examine index compound analysis, antioxidant activity and amount of starch measurement by extraction method. Methods Danggwisoo-san and Jakyakgamcho-tang were extracted with water and 70% ethanol. Antioxidant activity was measured by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and ferric reducing antioxidant power according to the standard protocol. The contents of the indicator components nodakenin, paeoniflorin, and glycyrrhizin were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. All starches were hydrolyzed and then total D-glucose was measured and compared. Results Antioxidant activity was excellent in 70% ethanol in all assays. The index component was jagged because its solubility was different depending on the extraction solvent. Starch content was significantly lower in 70% alcohol extract than water extract. Conclusions The results of this study showed that physiological activities and components are different according to extraction conditions. Each herbal medicine has a suitable extraction solvent. Also, the difference in starch content is an object to be considered as it may affect digestion and absorption.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2012

In these days, there has been increased focus on global warming and the exhaustion of resources recently caused by the heavy consumption of fossil resources. In order to resolve these problems, biomass is increasingly gaining international attention as a renewable energy source. Biogas derived from various biomass is environmental friendly alternative fuel for power generation, heating and vehicle fuel. Large amounts of sewage sludge, food waste and manure are generated from human activity, but these organic wastes contain high levels of organic matter and thus they are potential substrates for producing methane of biogas. The biogas contains 60% of highly concentrated methane, which is expected to be used effectively as energy. In this paper, we investigate the status of biogas in Korea as an alternative energy.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.165-180
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• 2019

Water quality data of 81 lakes in Korea, 2013 ~ 2017 were analyzed. Most water quality parameters showed left-skewed distribution, while dissolved oxygen showed normal distribution. pH and dissolved oxygen showed a positive correlation with organic matter and nutrients, which appeared to be a nonsense correlation mediated by the algae. The ratio of $BOD_5$ and $COD_{Mn}$ to CBOD was 21 % and 52 % in the freshwater lakes, respectively. TOC concentration appeared to be underestimated by the UV digestion method, when salinity exceeds $700{\mu}S\;cm^{-1}$. In terms of nitrogen/phosphorus ratio, the limiting factor for algal growth seemed to be phosphorus in most of the lakes. Chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ increased acutely with decrease of N/P ratio. However, it seemed to be a nonsense correlation mediated by phosphorus concentration, since the N/P ratio depended on phosphorus. The N/P ratio of brackish lakes was lower than that of the freshwater, at the same concentration of phosphorus. It is worth examining denitrification that occurs, in bottom layer and sediment, during saline stratification. $Chl.{\alpha}$ concentration decreased in the form of a power function with increase of mean depth. The primary reason is that deep lakes are mainly at the less-disturbed upstream. However, it is necessary to investigate the effect of sediment, on water quality in shallow lakes. Light attenuation in the upper layer, was dominated by tripton (non-algal suspended solids) absorption/scattering (average relative contribution of 39 %), followed by CDOM (colored dissolved organic matter) (average 37 %) and $Chl.{\alpha}$ (average 21 %).

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2018

As a guideline for desulfurization and dehumidification pretreatment facility for optimizing utilization of biogas, the $H_2S$ concentration is set at 150 % which can be treated with iron salts, dehumidification is the optimum value for generator operation, and the relative humidity applied at the utilization of biogas in EU is set at 60 %. We have set up the generator facility guidelines to optimize utilization of biogas. The appropriate amount of biogas should be at least 90 % of the total gas generation, and the capacity of generator facility should be set at 20~30 %. In order to equalize the pressure of the incoming gas the generator, a gas equalization tank should be installed and the generator room average temperature should be kept at $45^{\circ}C$ or less. Since the gas is not produced at a certain methane concentration in the digester, the efficiency is lowered. Therefore, it is required to install an air fuel ratio control system according to the change in methane concentration. Therefore, it is necessary to compensate for the disadvantages of biogasification facilities of organic waste resources and optimize utilization of biogas and improve operation of facilities. This study was conducted to optimize biogas utilization of type of organic waste(containing sewage sludge and food waste, animal manure), investigate the facilities problem and propose design, operation guidelines such as pre-treatment facilities and generators.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.136-145
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• 2013

Currently many studies aimed at enhancing efficacy of medicinal food on biological activity using bioconversion technology including fermentation process. In this study, the quality characteristics and antioxidative activity of fermented Crataegi fructus was investigated. The antioxidant activity of fermented Crataegi Fructus was assessed by various radical scavenging assays using DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP (Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power), Reducing power and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)). Moisture content of fermented Crataegi Fructus was $39.3{\pm}0.06%$. Contents of crude ash, crude protein, and crude fat were $0.20{\pm}0.01$, $1.77{\pm}0.04$, and $1.40{\pm}0.59%$, respectively. Moreover, the hunter's color values of fermented Crataegi Fructus were 79.24 (lightnees), 1.58 (redness), and 31.25 (yellowness), respectively. Total phenolic contents of fermented Crataegi Fructus were $3,015{\pm}250$ GAE ${\mu}g/g$. The antioxidative activities of fermented Crataegi Fructus significantly increased in a dose dependent manner. In addition, fermented Crataegi Fructus slightly (10.4%) inhibited ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity; however, there was no inhibitory activity against ${\alpha}$-amylase. In terms of proteolytic activity, fermented Crataegi Fructus showed a strong activity than pancreatin (used as a positive control). These results indicate that fermented Crataegi Fructus can be used as a natural resource for material aiding digestion.