• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.603-613
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• 2023

In this paper, the concept of geodesic centered tractography is explored for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). In DTI, where geodesics has been tracked and the inverse of the fourth-order diffusion tensor is inured to determine the diversity. Specifically, we investigated geodesic tractography technique for High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI). Riemannian geometry can be extended to a direction-dependent metric using Finsler geometry. Euler Lagrange geodesic calculations have been derived by Finsler geometry, which is expressed as HARDI in sixth order tensor.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2016

In this study, we proposed ameliorated method for region of interest (ROI) study to improve its accuracy using partial volume effect (PVE). PVE which arose in volumetric images when more than one tissue type occur in a voxel, could be used to reduce an amount of gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid within ROI of diffusion tensor image (DTI). In order to define ROIs, individual b0 image was spatially aligned to the JHU DTI-based atlas using linear and non-linear registration (http://cmrm.med.jhmi.edu/). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) maps were estimated by fitting diffusion tensor model to each image voxel, and their mean values were computed within each ROI with PVE threshold. Participants of this study consisted of 20 healthy controls, 27 Alzheimer's disease and 27 normal-pressure hydrocephalus patients. The result showed that the mean FA and MD of each ROI were increased and decreased respectively, but standard deviation was significantly decreased when PVE was applied. In conclusion, the proposed method suggested that PVE was indispensable to improve an accuracy of DTI ROI study.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.110-118
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• 2007

목적: 확산텐서자기공명영상(DT-MRI: Diffusion Tensor Image)을 이용하여 확산의 주축을 구성하는 세 성분에 대한 고유치 (eigefvalue)의 영상을 구현해 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 고유치 영상을 구현하기 위해서 3.0 테슬러 MRI(Magnetic Resonance Imaging)를 이용하여 확산텐서영상을 얻었으며, Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse 방법과 SVD(single value decomposition) 방법을 이용하여 확산 주축을 계산하였다. 이 과정을 픽셀단위로 반복적으로 계산하여 새로운 확산 주축 영상들을 만들었으며, 이 확산 주축 영상들과 분할 비등방성 영상의 관계를 조사하였다. 결과: 확산텐서영상 기법으로 얻어진 확산텐서영상을 이용하여, 세 방향의 확산 주축에 대한 고유치 영상을 구성하였으며, 고유치 영상들과 분할 비등방성 영상을 함께 분석함으로써, 뇌의 해부학적 구조물에 따른 분할 비등방성 값의 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 확산 주축에 대한 고유치의 변화에 대한 컴퓨터 모의실험에서, 변화하는 고유치에 따른 분할 비등방성 값의 변동 추이를 알아볼 수 있었다. 그리고 확산 주축의 크기가 비등방성을 좌우하는 것이 아니라, 세 확산 주축의 조합으로 비등방성의 정도를 표현한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 확산 주축 방향의 고유치들을 분리하여 영상화 함으로써, 뇌의 병변에 의한 비등방성의 변화의 원인이 확산 주축의 어떠한 변화에 의해 발생하는 것인지 확인할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한방사선협회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.167-167
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• 2003

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.439-445
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• 2004

확산 텐서 영상은 조직 내 물 분자의 확산 현상을 이용하는 영상기법으로 조직 구조의 비등방성 및 방향성에 대한 정보를 제공해준다. 근육이나 뇌백질과 같은 조직에서는 신경다발들이 일정한 방향성을 가지고 있어서 그 방향에 대해서 확산이 잘 일어난다. 이러한 확산을 비등방성이라 한다. 확산의 비등방성의 정도는 RA, VR 그리고 FA와 같은 지표를 이용하여 나타낸다. 본 연구에서는 다른 확산 경사자장의 수에 대하여 각각 FA 영상을 만들었다. FA영상에 관심영역을 설정하고 FA 평균값 및 FA의 표준편차를 계산하였다. 그 결과, 경사자장의 방향수가 증가함에 따라서 FA값 및 FA의 표준편차가 감소하였다. 또한 ADC 측정 오차에 대한 표준 오차도 확산 경사자장의 방향수가 증가함에 따라서 감소하였다. 결론적으로 경사자장의 방향수에 따라서 잡음의 영향이 다르며, 더 많은 방향수를 사용하는 것이 FA영상의 질을 향상시킨다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 영상획득 시간과 FA의 표준편차 등을 고려했을 때. 임상적으로 사용될 확산 텐서영상의 방향수는 23개 정도가 적당하다고 결론 내릴 수 있다.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.475-480
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to reconstruct diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) using stem of garlic and asparagus for in vitro phantom of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and to compare and evaluate the fractional anisotropy (FA) value and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value to determine whether it can be used as materials for in vitro phantoms. Among various plant fibers such as stem of garlic, palmae, cotton, asparagus, etc., stem of garlic and asparagus, which are considered to be the most suitable for making phantoms, and whose shape is considered to be the most suitable for making phantoms, were selected and tests were conducted. Holes were made in a plastic bucket at an angle of 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120°, then tubes were inserted. In the tube, asparagus and stem of garlic were inserted as far in as possible, and the inserted tube was inserted into the center of the heat bathed gelatin to harden. We were able to reproduce DTT images in asparagus and stem of garlic. Fiber tissues of asparagus and stem of garlic did not show complete connectivity, but the reconstructed images of DTT showed good connectivity. The FA values of asparagus in the tubes were 0.198 at 0° (straight), 0.207 at 30°, 0.187 at 60°, 0.231 at 90°, and 0.204 at 120°. In addition, the FA values of stem of garlic in the tubes were 0.235 at 0°, 0.236 at 30°, 0.216 at 60°, 0.218 at 90°, and 0.257 at 120°. The ADC values of asparagus in the tubes were 1.545 at 0°, 1.677 at 30°, 1.629 at 60°, 1.535 at 90°, and 1.725 at 120°. In addition, the ADC values of stem of garlic in the tubes were 1.252 at 0°, 1.396 at 30°, 1.698 at 60°, 1.756 at 90°, and 1.466 at 120°. For the best expressed DTT reconstruction image, it showed the longest connectivity in the straight line as we hypothesized. In addition, when comparing the FA values and ADC values of fiber tissues of stem of garlic and asparagus, FA value was generally higher in stem of garlic and ADC value was slightly higher in asparagus.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.817-824
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• 2007

Tractography using Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DT-MRI) is a method to determine the architecture of axonal fibers in the central nervous system by computing the direction of the principal eigenvector in the white matter of the brain. However, the fiber tracking methods suffer from the noise included in the diffusion tensor images that affects the determination of the principal eigenvector. As the fiber tracking progresses, the accumulated error creates a large deviation between the calculated fiber and the real fiber. This problem of the DT-MRI tractography is known mathematically as the ill-posed problem which means that tractography is very sensitive to perturbations by noise. To reduce the noise in DT-MRI measurements, a tensor-valued median filter which is reported to be denoising and structure-preserving in fiber tracking, is applied in the tractography. In this paper, we proposed the modified gradient descent method which converges fast and accurately to the optimal tensor-valued median filter by changing the step size. In addition, the performance of the modified gradient descent method is compared with others. We used the synthetic image which consists of 45 degree principal eigenvectors and the corticospinal tract. For the synthetic image, the proposed method achieved 4.66%, 16.66% and 15.08% less error than the conventional gradient descent method for error measures AE, AAE, AFA respectively. For the corticospinal tract, at iteration number ten the proposed method achieved 3.78%, 25.71 % and 11.54% less error than the conventional gradient descent method for error measures AE, AAE, AFA respectively.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.176-185
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• 2019

AUDIT-K 척도에 따른 중년남성을 대상으로 뇌 회백질의 손상 유무를 파악 할 수 있는 확산텐서영상을 검사하여 영상을 획득 한 후 Tract-Based Spatial Statics(TBSS)방법으로 뇌 회백질 부위의 이랑(Gyrus) 신경 섬유로의 비등방도 FA(fractional anisotropy)값을 측정 분석한 결과 모든 영역에서 정상 음주자가 알코올 사용 장애 추정자보다 FA값이 낮게 측정되었으며 통계적으로 유의하였다. 본 연구의 측정한 FA결과 값으로 추측하자면 즉, 알코올 사용이 뇌 회백질 부위의 이랑(Gyrus) 계측한 해부학적 미세 구조성 변화에 크게 영향을 미치며 신경 섬유로를 손상시키고 이와 관련된 기능적 이상에 영향을 준다고 할 수 있다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.101-106
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• 2004

In this paper, a blood vessel in an angiographic image, which plays an importance role in the diagnose diseases including in the eyes, brain and heart, is enhanced by using a directed diffusion technique. A fundamental component of the angiographic analysis is vessel segmentation that the proposed method provides a preprocessing of the image into a form suitable for human analysis, or more importantly, for machine analysis such the segmentation. Vessel enhancement is a challenging problem due to the complex nature of vascular trees and to imaging imperfections. Some parts of the inherent imperfections in angiography are the intensity inhomogeneity between the larger and smaller vessels, and another imperfection is the leakage of contrast agent into the background tissue that provides to low contrast between vessels and tissue. In the proposed scheme, the directed diffusion solves the problem by formulating a local geometric structure, which consists of direction and scale of the blood vessels. The diffusion process uses the local structure to enhance by a diffusivity tensor. The proposed algorithm can be applied to maintain sharpness and coherence-smooth the intra-regions into homogeneity better than traditional diffusion methods, which are Gaussian regulation and coherence enhancing diffusion.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2010년도 춘계학술발표논문집 2부
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• pp.1227-1229
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• 2010

This paper explains what DTI (Diffusion Tensor Imaging) is and what it does. We will talk about the DTI functions and what type of image it can show, and what areas are using DTI. The tractography and other applications that DTI is being used. In this paper, we explain that DTI is not only useful in medicine but also in botany. We propose to use DTI to study structure and functions of plants.