• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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• pp.2334-2339
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• 2008

This paper proposes an improved mathematical model for predicting the frosting behavior on a two-dimensional fin considering the heat conduction of heat exchanger fins under frosting conditions. The model consists of laminar flow equation in airflow, diffusion equation of water vapor for frost layer, and heat conduction equation in fin, and these are coupled together. In this model, the change in three-dimensional airside airflow caused by frost growth is accounted for. The fin surface temperature increased toward the fin tip due to the fin heat conduction. On the contrary, the temperature gradient in the airflow direction(x-dir.) is small throughout the entire fin. The frost thickness in the direction perpendicular to airflow, i.e. z-dir., decreases exponentially toward the fin tip due to non-uniform temperature distribution. The rate of decrease of heat transfer in the airflow direction is high compared to that in the z-direction due to more decrease in the sensible and latent heat rate in x-direction.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.348-356
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• 2012

본 연구는 SNS와 같은 관계네트워크의 구성원 중에서 혁신자와 허브가 정보 확산 초기 발생하는 이른 도약(early takeoff)과 도약시점의 확산크기에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 파악하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 다음과 같이 가설을 설정하였다-가설 1은 네트워크에서 혁신자 와 허브는 이른 도약(early takeoff)에 영향을 미칠 것이다, 가설 2는 네트워크에서 혁신자와 허브는 도약시점의 확산크기에 영향을 미칠 것이다. 가설을 검증하기 위해 우리나라 SNS중에서 C사이트를 대상으로 로그데이터를 수집하여 혁신자와 허브를 추출하고 이들의 정보 수용행동을 다항로짓분석 및 회귀분석하였다. 그 결과, 네트워크에서 허브는 이른 도약과 도약시점의 확산크기에 모두 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 혁신자는 확산크기에만 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 허브는 혁신자 보다 이른 도약과 도약시점의 확산크기에 있어 상대적인 영향이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 네트워크에서 허브는 높은 연결성을 통해 자신의 정보수용행동을 빠른 시간에 관계네트워크내 구성원들에게 확산시킬 수 있기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 몇 가지 시사점과 한계점을 토의하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2007

This study used POM (Princeton ocean model) improved for applying to coastal area in order to predict the distribution of thermal waste water. This model was applied to the coastal circulation and the effect of thermal waste water of Cheonsu-Bay. So this study compared the discharge of thermal waste water with each layer and section. The tidal current was about 1.5 m/sec at surface level and 0.9 m/sec on bottom level at flood tide; tidal current was about 1.3 m/sec on surface level and 0.8 m/sec on bottom level at ebb tide. The method discharging the thermal waste water in the nearshore region (case 1) accelerates the diffusion of the thermal waste water in the north-south direction(longshore direction). However, the method discharge the thermal waster water in the offshore region (case 2) reduced the diffusion of the thermal waste water over the coastal region. According th the diffusion region of the thermal waste water with case 1 and case 2 at three different layers (surface, middle, bottom), the diffusion region by case 1 discharge method generally influenced wider region (twice) than the one by case 2 discharge method with lower temperature between $1^{\circ}C\;and\;2^{\circ}C$, whereas the case 2 discharge method influenced the deeper region (middle and botton layers) with higher change of the water temperature ($1{\sim}3^{\circ}C$).

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2024

본 논문에서는 옷감과 입자 기반 유체 해법인 SPH(Smoothed particle hydrodynamics)를 이용한 액체 간의 상호작용으로 표현되는 다공성 흐름(Pore flow), 흡수, 방출 그리고 확산 효과를 GPU 기반으로 빠르게 표현할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다: 1) 옷감-액체의 상호작용에 의해 표현되는 다양한 물리적 효과를 GPU 기반으로 표현할 수 있는 통합형 프레임워크, 2) SPH 기반으로 노드의 포화도를 효율적으로 계산하고 이를 주변 Porous 입자들로 전달하는 방법, 3) 유체 흡수 및 방출 방향을 안정적으로 계산하기 위해 다르시 법칙(Darcy's law)을 기반으로 안정성을 개선시키는 방법, 4) Porous 입자들로 흡수되는 과정에서 유체의 흐름 방향에 따라 흡수되는 양을 조절하는 방법, 마지막으로 5) SPH 입자의 최대 질량이 넘지 않도록 방출할 수 있는 방법을 제시한다. 제안하는 방식의 가장 큰 장점은 모든 연산이 GPU에서 계산되고 동작하기 때문에 빠르게 옷감과 유체의 상호작용으로 표현되는 다공성 재질, 다공성 흐름, 흡수, 반사, 확산 등을 모델링할 수 있다.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.356-358
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• 2002

MRI, particularly diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), plays vital roles in detection of the acute brain infarction$\^$1-4/ and others metabolic changes of biological tissues. In general, every molecule in biological tissues may diffuse and move randomly in three-dimensional space. However, in clinical diagnosis, only 2D-DWI is used. The authors have developed a new method for rapid three-dimensional DWI (3D-DWI). In this method, by refocusing of the magnetized spin with the applied gradient field, direction of which is opposite to phase encoding field. Magnetized spin of $^1$H is kept under the SSFP (steady state free precession)$\^$5-6/. Under SSFP, in addition of FID, spin echo and stimulated echo are also generated, so the acquired signal is increased. The signal intensity is increased depending on flip angle (FA) of magnetized spin. This phenomenon is confirmed by human brain and phantom studies. The performance of this method is quantitatively analyzed by using both of conventional spin echo DWI and 3D-DWI. From experimental results, three dimensional diffusion weighted images are obtained correctly for liquid phantoms (water, acetone and oil), diffusion coefficient is enhanced in each image. Therefore, this method will provide useful information for clinical diagnosis.

• 생약학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2018

Artemisiae Capillaris Herba is a dried aerial part of Asteraceae capillaris Thunb.(Compositae), which has been used in Korean traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. It has a variety of pharmacological activities and has been evaluated for potential as an active ingredient in cosmeceutical products. In the cosmetics industry, animal experiments is besides the major concern of ethics, there are few more disadvantages of animal experimentation like demand of skilled manpower, time consuming protocols and high cost. Therefore, various alternatives to animal experiments have been proposed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the skin permeation characteristics of chlorogenic acid and dimethyleculetin, which are constituent of Artemisiae Capillaris Herba by using Franz diffusion cell. As a result, skin permeability was characterized by flux(penetration rates) and $K_p$(permeability coefficient) value, chlorogenic acid had lower flux and $K_p$ than dimethylesculetin. According to the definitions of Marzulli, chlorogenic acid and dimethylesculetin would be classified as 'Moderate' and 'Very fast' respectively. In conclusion, skin permeation characteristics of chlorogenic acid and dimethylesculetin were confirmed through Franz diffusion cell, and suggests the direction of alternative method for skin permeation of natural compounds.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.419-426
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• 1999

It is essential for port planning, coastal zone management and environmental impact study to analyze the variation of current and water quality due to the development of water area and discharged water from estuary barrage and basin etc. Mokpo sea area downstreams from a long river and two large basins, the Yongsan river and Yongam-Kumho basins discharging much of water through water gates for the purpose of flood control and prohibition of salt intrusion to the inland fresh water area. In this study, the numerical calculations were carried out for the analysis of diffusion characteristics due to discharging operation, adapting the results of tidal current simulation ADI methord is applied to the governing equation for the movement of sea water and diffusion and 6-point method to the advection terms of diffusion equation. As the results of this study, it is known that the discharging operation causes increasing and/or decreasing of current velocity and enlarging and/or depressing of pollutant diffusion limits depending on the distance from the discharging gates and the mode of discharging operation. To utilize these result, the linked gate operation and the method increasing exchange of sea water must be considered.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 1999년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.253-261
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• 1999

It is essential for port planning, coastal zone management and environmental impact study to analyze the variation of current and water quality due to the development of water area and discharged water from the estuary barrage and basin, etc. Mokpo sea area has downstream from a long river and two large basins, the Yongsan river and Yongam-Kumho basins, discharging much of water through water gates for the purpose of flood and prohibition of salt intrusion to the inland fresh water area. In this study, the numerical calculation were carried out for the analysis of diffusion characteristics due to discharging operation, adopting the results of tidal current simulation. ADI method is applied to the governing equation for the movement of sea water and diffusion and 6-point method to the advection terms of diffusion equation. As the results of this study, it is known that the discharging operation causes increasing and/or decreasing of current velocity and enlarging and/or depressing of pollutant diffusion limits depending on the distance from the discharging gates and the modes of discharging operation. To utilize these result, the linked gate operation and the method increasing exchange of sea water must be considered.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.225-228
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• 2017

In this study, zinc tin oxide (ZTO) films were prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) glasses and annealed at different temperatures under vacuum to investigate the correlation between the Ohmic/Schottky contacts, electrical properties, and bonding structures with respect to the annealing temperatures. The ZTO film annealed at $150^{\circ}C$ exhibited an amorphous structure because of the electron-hole recombination effect, and the current of the ZTO film annealed at $150^{\circ}C$ was less than that of the other films because of the potential barrier effect at the Schottky contact. The drift current as charge carriers was similar to the leakage current in a transparent thin-film device, but the diffusion current related to the Schottky barrier leads to the decrease in the leakage current. The direction of the diffusion current was opposite to that of the drift current resulting in a two-fold enhancement of the cut-off effect of leakage drift current due to the diffusion current, and improved performance of the device with the Schottky barrier. Hence, the thin film with an amorphous structure easily becomes a Schottky contact.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.442-448
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• 2018

This paper presents the numerical simulation of advection-diffusion mechanism of BOD concentration which was used as an indicator of waste only in one flow-direction of waste stabilization ponds (1-dimension (1-D)). This model was represented in partial differential equation order 2. The purpose of this paper was to determine the simulation of the model 1-D of wastewater transport phenomena based advection-diffusion mechanism and did validate the model. Numerical methods which was used for the solution of this model is finite difference method with Forward Time Central Space scheme. The simulation results which was obtained would be compared with field observation data as a validation model. Collection of field data was carried out in the Wastewater Treatment Plant Sewon, Bantul, D.I. Yogyakarta. The results of numerical simulations were indicate that the advection-diffusion mechanism takes place continuously over time. Then validation of the model was state that there was a difference between the calculation results with the field data, with a correlation value of 0.998.