• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.5 No.2
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• pp.1042-1045
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• 2004

ITO thin films ($\sim150nm$) are deposited on glass substrates by different deposition condition. The sheet resistance of ITO thin films measured by using a four probe station. The microstructure of these films is determined using a X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a atomic force microscope (AEM). The sheet resistance of ITO thin films compared $s_11$ values by using a near field scanning microwave microscope.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권11호
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• pp.831-838
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• 2011

Effects of spangle size and crystallographic characteristics on the surface appearance, galling properties, and adhesive strength of hot-dip galvanized steel sheets have been investigated. Both spangle size and crystallographic orientation measured by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction were identified as critical factors influencing the galvanized coating performance. By decreasing the spangle size, surface appearance and galling properties related to the friction coefficient were significantly improved. However, low temperature adhesive-strength with small spangle galvanized steel sheets showed lower values compared to commercially used galvanized coating. The variation of adhesive strength in terms of spangle size has been clarified.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.429-434
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• 2001

Ti-Cu-N nanocomposite films deposited by arc ion plating and magnetron sputter hybrid system with various copper contents. The microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-Cu-N superhard nanocomposite films depend on the Cu concentration. In X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, intensity of TiN (111) and TiN (220) peak decreased and peak broadness increased with increasing the copper contents and Cu peak was not detected. The grain size of films decreased with increasing at%Cu and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis also showed that Ti-Cu-N film containing 1.5at%Cu was composed of very fine (<10nm) nanocrystalline grains. The maximum hardness of Ti-Cu-N (1.5at%Cu) film reached to 45GPa and friction coefficient was measured 0.3.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.124-133
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• 1994

Many of non-contact measuring systems are used to estimate surface characteristics owing to their advantages of high speed and undanaged test. In this paper, a new measuring system is proposed to acquire image from CCD camera through back light illumination. Lowpass filter is very useful in view of noise removal and optimum binary image can be made through histogram equalization which is one of the histogram technique to maximize brightness intensity between workpiece and background. Laplacian operator is used to detect workpiece edge from binary image. In case of image treatment applying Laplacian operator, surface roughness is calculated by introducing conversion coefficient for coordinate of pixel which edge is composed of. In summary, the work is concerned with the development of a new technique for roughness measurement by the image processing in turning.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.537-544
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• 2023

Differential phase contrast (DPC) microscopy, a central quantitative phase imaging (QPI) technique in cell biology, facilitates label-free, real-time monitoring of intrinsic optical phase variations in biological samples. The existing DPC imaging theory, while important for QPI, is grounded in paraxial diffraction theory. However, this theory lacks accuracy when applied to high numerical aperture (NA) systems that are vital for high-resolution cellular studies. To tackle this limitation, we have, for the first time, formulated a nonparaxial DPC imaging equation with a transmission cross-coefficient (TCC) for high NA DPC microscopy. Our theoretical framework incorporates the apodization of the high NA objective lens, nonparaxial light propagation, and the angular distribution of source intensity or detector sensitivity. Thus, our TCC model deviates significantly from traditional paraxial TCCs, influenced by both NA and the angular variation of illumination or detection. Our nonparaxial imaging theory could enhance phase retrieval accuracy in QPI based on high NA DPC imaging.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.468-477
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• 2019

불규칙파에 의한 정온도 평가 시 주로 사용하는 Boussinesq 근사의 수치모형은 항의 개구부 폭이 약 30 m 내외의 좁은 마리나와 같은 소규모 항만에서는 격자 크기의 적용성 한계가 있고, 항 내로 진행하는 파의 회절에 대한 평가 시 정확한 정온도 평가가 어려울 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 정수면의 비정수압 항이 고려되어 해수면과 바닥층에서의 유속으로 계산하는 비선형 천수방정식 모형인 SWASH 모형(Zijlema and Stelling, 2005)을 사용하여 좁은 항의 개구부에서 정온도 평가의 적용성을 검토하였다. SWASH 모형은 구조물 및 지형에 입사하는 반사파 적용 시 수심과 공극율 계수 및 구조물 크기에 따라 부분 반사를 제어한다. 본 연구에서는 실제 구조물 단면 형태에 따른 구조물 전면에서의 반사파의 평가와 단면의 형태 및 구조물의 형태에 따라 반사율 적용성을 검토하였다. 항 내에 진입하는 회절 파랑에 의한 모델의 재현성을 평가하기 위해 구조물 직각 및 경사로 입사하는 영역을 구성하여 기존의 Goda et al.(1978)가 제시한 회절도 이론값과 비교하였다. 수심평균으로 계산된 단면 구조물 반사율 실험 결과는 Stelling and Ahrens(1981)이 제시한 반사율의 개략치와 유사한 반사율을 나타내며, 경계에서의 반사파의 제어와 구조물의 형상 및 지형에 따라 반사파가 잘 재현되는 것으로 판단된다. 회절도 검토 결과 파랑 진입 각도 및 회절파의 형태가 계산치가 이론값과 아주 유사하게 나타나지만, 경사 입사 및 직각 입사 모두 방향 집중도가 작은 경우 파고비가 0.5~0.6인 일부 구간에서 회절도가 저평가되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.543-549
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• 2003

In order to investigate the thermoelectric properties of $Zn_{k}$ $In_2$$O_{ 3＋k}$ homologous compounds, the samples of $Zn_{k}$ /$In_2$$O_{3＋k}$ / (k = integer between 1 and 9) were prepared by calcining the mixed powders of ZnO and $In_2$$O_3$fellowed by sintering at 1823 K for 2 hours in air, and their electrical conductivities and Seebeck coefficients were measured as a function of temperature in the range of 500 K to 1150 K. X-ray diffraction analysis of the sintered samples clarified that single-phase specimens were obtained for $Zn_{k} /$In_2$$O_{3＋k}$ with k = 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9. Electrical conductivity of the $Zn_{k}$ $In_2$$O_{3＋k}$ / decreased with increasing temperature, and decreased with increasing k for k $\geq$ 3. The Seebeck coefficient was negative at all the temperatures for all compositions, confirming that $Zn_{k}$ $In_2$$O_{3＋k}$ / is an n-type semiconductor. Absolute values of the Seebeck coefficient increased linearly with increasing temperature and increased with increasing k for k $\geq$ 3. The temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient indicated that Z $n_{k}$I $n_2$ $O_{3＋k}$ could be treated as an extrinsic degenerate semiconductor. Figure-of-merits of Z $n_{k}$I $n_2$ $O_{3＋k}$ were evaluated from the measured electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, and the reported thermal conductivity. Z $n_{7}$ I $n_2$ $O_{10}$ has the largest figure-of-merit over all the temperatures, and its highest value was $1.5{\times}$10$^{-4}$ $K^{-1}$ at 1145 K.5 K.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 1997

X-선 광전자 분광법 (x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy: SPS)과 반사 고에너지 전 자 회절법(reflection high energy electron diffraction: RHEED)을 이용하여 상온과 고온(약 300~$500^{\circ}C$)에서 알칼리금속(AM)/Si(111)7$\times$7표면에 1 monolayer(ML)의 AM을 흡착시키면 Si(111)7$\times$7표면에 비해 산소의 초기 부착 계수(initial sticking coefficient)와 산소의 포화량 은 증가하지 않았다. Si(111)7$\times$7-AM표면에 산소의 주입량을 증가시키면서 측정한 O ls 스 펙트럼으로부터 AM이 흡착된 Si(111)7$\times$7표면에 흡착되는 산소원자는 Si-O, AM-O 두 종 류의 결합형태를 가지는 것으로 생각되며 이중에서 AM-O 결합의 산화과정상에서의 역할 에 대하여 논의하였다. 상온과는 달리 고온에서는, Si(111)3$\times$1-AM표면으로 구조가 변화하 면서 산소의 흡착이 급격히 떨어지는 것을 관측할 수 있었다. 이때 3$\times$1-AM표면을 형성시 키는 AM종류의 산화에 대한 의존성을 살펴보았다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.81-81
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• 2011

Sol-gel spin-coating법을 이용하여 ZnO 박막을 증착하였다. Sol 전구체 용액을 Si(100) 기판에 증착하고 전열처리(pre-heat treatment)하여 gel 상태의 ZnO 박막을 형성시킨 후 다른 속도로 냉각시켰다. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, photoluminescence (PL)을 이용하여 냉각속도가 ZnO 박막의 구조적 및 광학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 느린 속도($5^{\circ}C$/min)로 냉각시킨 ZnO 박막은 나노섬유질구조(nano-fibrous structure)를 나타내었고, 상온에서 바로 냉각시킨 ZnO 박막은 매우 매끄러운 표면(mirror-like surface)을 나타내었다. ZnO (100), ZnO (002), ZnO (101) 방향을 나타내는 회절피크가 관찰되었고, 냉각속도에 따른 ZnO 박막의 배향성을 알아보기 위하여 texture coefficient (TC)를 계산해 보았다. 상온에서 바로 냉각시킨 ZnO 박막(TC(002)=76.3%)이 느린 속도로 냉각시킨 박막(TC(002)=45.2%)보다 (002) 방향으로의 배향성이 우세하게 나타났으며, 잔류응력도 작았다. 뿐만 아니라 PL을 이용한 광학적 특성평가에서도 상온에서 바로 냉각시킨 ZnO 박막에서 더 강한 강도와 좁은 반치폭(full-width at halt-maximum)을 갖는 near-band-edge emission (NBE) 피크가 관찰되었다. 후열처리에 따른 구조적 및 광학적 특성 변화 또한 연구하였다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2017

In this work, p-type Bi-Sb-Te alloys powders are prepared using gas atomization, a mass production powder preparation method involving rapid solidification. To study the effect of the sintering temperature on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties, gas-atomized powders are consolidated at different temperatures (623, 703, and 743 K) using spark plasma sintering. The crystal structures of the gas-atomized powders and sintered bulks are identified using an X-ray diffraction technique. Texture analysis by electron backscatter diffraction reveals that the grains are randomly oriented in the entire matrix, and no preferred orientation in any unique direction is observed. The hardness values decrease with increasing sintering temperature owing to a decrease in grain size. The conductivity increases gradually with increasing sintering temperature, whereas the Seebeck coefficient decreases owing to increases in the carrier mobility with grain size. The lowest thermal conductivity is obtained for the bulk sintered at a low temperature (603 K), mainly because of its fine-grained microstructure. A peak ZT of 1.06 is achieved for the sample sintered at 703 K owing to its moderate electrical conductivity and sustainable thermal conductivity.