• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.87-93
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• 2002

SHACAL is based on the hash standard SHA-1 used in encryption mode, as a submission to NESSIE. SHACAL uses the XOR, modular addition operation and the functions of bit-by-bit manner. These operations and functions make the differential cryptanalysis difficult, i.e, we hardly find a long differential with high probability. But, we can find short differentials with high probability. Using this fact, we discuss the security of SHACAL against the amplified boomerang attack. We find a 36-step boomerang-distinguisher and present attacks on reduced-round SHACAL with various key sizes. We can attack 39-step with 256-bit key, and 47-step with 512-bit key.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.47-67
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• 2020

I explore that South Korea's major import fishery product markets-frozen hairtail, frozen mackerel, frozen pollock and frozen squid-are integrated by testing whether there is favorable evidence of the law of one price (LOP). Unlike previous studies on the LOP for fishery product markets, I assume non-zero import costs and include them in a trade model. To explore whether LOP holds for major import fishery product markets in South Korea with non-zero import costs, I utilize a non-linear time-series model, Smooth Transition Autoregressive (STAR) model with the sample periods from January in 2002 to December in 2019. I find that the behaviors of home-foreign price (i.e., import price) differentials of all four major import fishery products are non-linear depending on whether trade occurs and favorable evidence of LOP for each import market in South Korea. These findings indicate that each of South Korea's major import fishery product markets is integrated. They imply that the supply of each major import fishery product-frozen hairtail, frozen pollock, frozen mackerel and frozen squid, and their prices are stable even if there is an economic shock on each market. When it comes to trade policy implications, the Korean trade policy including tariffs or quotas against their import countries for the four major import fishery products may not have influences on their price in the markets.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2022

This study uses monthly data from January 2009 to December 2020 to examine the effectiveness of foreign currency intervention and its influence on monetary policy in Vietnam using a Hierarchical Bayesian VAR model. The findings suggest that foreign exchange intervention has little influence on the exchange rate level or exports, but it can significantly minimize exchange rate volatility. As a result, we can demonstrate that the claim that Vietnam is a currency manipulator is false. As well, the forecast error variance decomposition results reveal that interest rate differentials mainly determine the exchange rate level instead of foreign exchange intervention. Moreover, the findings suggest that foreign exchange intervention is not effectively sterilized in Vietnam. Inflation is caused by an increase in international reserves, which leads to an expansion of the money supply and a decrease in interest rates. Although the impact of foreign exchange intervention grows in tandem with the growth of international reserves, if the sterilizing capacity does not improve, rising foreign exchange intervention will instead result in inflation. Finally, we use a rolling window approach to examine the time-varying effect of foreign exchange intervention.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.85 no.6
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• pp.765-780
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• 2023

In this work, a novel combined logarithmic, secant and tangential 2D and quasi-3D refined higher order shear deformation theory is proposed to examine the buckling analysis of simply supported uniform functionally graded plates under uniaxial and biaxial loading. The proposed formulations contain a reduced number of variables compared to others similar solutions. The combined function employed in this study ensures automatically the zero-transverse shear stresses at the free surfaces of the structure. Various models of the material distributions are considered (linear, quadratic, cubic inverse quadratic and power-law). The differentials stability equations are derived via virtual work principle with including the stretching effect. The Navier's approach is applied to solve the governing equations which satisfying the boundary conditions. Several comparative and parametric studies are performed to illustrates the validity and efficacity of the proposed model and the various factors influencing the critical buckling load of thick FG plate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.136-138
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• 2022

Edge detection includes information such as the shape, position, size, and material of an object with respect to an image, and is a very important factor in analyzing the characteristics of the image. Existing edge detection methods include Sobel edge detection filter, Roberts edge detection filter, Prewitt edge detection filter, and LoG (Lapacian of Gaussian) using secondary differentials. However, these methods have a disadvantage in that the edge detection results are somewhat insufficient because a fixed weight mask is applied to the entire image area. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an edge detection algorithm that increases edge detection characteristics by considering the center pixel in the mask. In addition, in order to confirm the proposed edge detection performance, it was compared through simulation result images.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2024

A 10-year-old, spayed female Maltese dog was tentatively diagnosed with granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME) on magnetic resonance imaging. The meningoencephalitis was classified as aseptic GME because cerebral fluid analysis did not reveal an infectious aetiology. Two months after leflunomide treatment (Arava; Sanofi; 4 mg/kg/day), the patient developed non-regenerative, macrocytic, and normochromic anemia. As the patient's anaemia began after the administration of leflunomide, and other differentials for anaemia had been ruled out, the leflunomide was determined to be the cause and this treatment ended. After 15 days, the anaemia resolved spontaneously. This is the first report of reversible aplastic anaemia following treatment with leflunomide in a canine patient with GME.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.530-534
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• 2001

A total of 23 isolates were obtained from seeds of 30 pepper cultivars by single lesion isolation on Nicotiana glutinosa. The isolates were tested for pathotype determination using standard pepper differentials. Two pathotypes of Tobamoviruses, namely P0 and P1.2 were detected from the pepper seeds, of which pathotype P1.2 was predominant. Pathotypes P1 and P1.2.3 were unable to detect in this study. All pepper cultivars except one showed resistance to two pathotypes, P0 and P1, but not to pathotype P1.2. These results could be useful for breeding Tobamovirus-resistant pepper and producing virus-free seed stock.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.192-205
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• 2012

Globalization has fuelled the desire for simplicity and flexibility in rules and processes within nations. de Soto (2000) calls for the simplification of rules to enable people to join the formal economy. Friedman (2005) echoes the need for simpler rules, to attract business and capital. Market-based approaches to governing have been adopted in many nations due to globalization. Recent developments demonstrate that such approaches fail. Globalization may lead to impoverishment in the absence of proper forms of governance (Cooney 2000). That is why it has the tendency to become a "race to the bottom." Regulatory measures can be costly, and the costs of doing business are uneven across nations. This unevenness is being used as a comparative advantage. Others call this regulatory competition (Smith-Bozek 2007) or competitive governance (Schachtel and Sahmel 2000), which is similar to the model of Charles Tiebout. Collaborative governance is an approach that governments could use in lieu of the competitive method. Mechanisms that enable stakeholders to exchange information, harmonize activities, share resources, and enhance capacities (Himmelman 2002) are needed. Philippine public policy encourages a shift in modes of realizing labor market governance outcomes from command to collaboration (Sale and Bool 2010B; Sale 2011). Is labor market governance and regional development in the Philippines collaborative? Or is the opposite - competitive governance (Tiebout model) - more evident? What is the dominant approach? This preliminary research tackles these questions by looking at recent data on average and minimum wages, wage differentials, trade union density, collective bargaining coverage, small and bigger enterprises, employment, unemployment and underemployment, inflation, poverty incidence, labor productivity, family income, among others, across regions of the country. The issue is studied in the context of legal origins. Cultural explanations are broached.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.92-98
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• 2012

This study analyzed the effect of zoning on the distribution of pressure differentials caused by stack effect and air pressurization in a center core type of 80 story super-tall building. The results showed that maximum pressure difference more than 250 Pa can be generated by stack effect without zoning. Zoning of stairwell only resulted in 10 Pa reduction of maximum pressure difference, however, zoning of both stairwell and EV shaft especially at the same floor revealed 50 % reduction in stack effect. It was also analysed that the minimum required air flow rate occurred when the stairwell temperature reached 50 % of temperature difference between indoor and outdoor.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2017

Tan spot, caused by the fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is economically important foliar disease in Latvia, Lithuania, and Romania; however, race structure from Baltic States and Romania is not known. In this study, we performed genotypic and phenotypic race characterization of a large collection of P. tritici-repentis isolates from these countries to determine race structure and utilize this information for better disease management and breeding wheat for tan spot resistance. We characterized 231 single spore isolates from Latvia (n = 15), Lithuania (n = 107), and Romania (n = 109) for Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB genes using two genes specific primers. A subset (139) of 231 isolates were further characterized for their race structure by inoculating them individually on tan spot wheat differentials set. Majority (83%) of the 231 isolates amplified Ptr ToxA gene suggesting prevalence of race 1 and 2. Further, phenotypic characterization of 139 isolates also showed wide prevalence of races 1 (68%), 2 (8%), 3 (11%), and 4 (5%) were also identified from Baltic States as well as Romania. Eighteen of the isolates (13%) did not seem to be of any of the eight known races as they lacked Ptr ToxA gene but they behaved like either race 1 or race 2, suggesting possibility of novel toxins in these isolates as their virulence tools.