• 제목/요약/키워드: Differential count

검색결과 157건 처리시간 0.025초

노화에 따른 면역지표의 변화에 관한 연구 (Modulation of Immune Parameters by Aging Process)

  • 이지혜;정지혜;김현숙
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제43권2호
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    • pp.152-160
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구에서는 노화에 따른 영양 태와 면역지표의 변화를 알아보기 위해 연령대가 다른 성인 여성 총 54명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 연령 이외의 환경적 유전적 차이를 최소화하기 위하여 대부분이 한 가족 내 3세대, 즉 20대인 딸, 40~50대인 어머니, 60세 이상의 할머니들로 구성시켰다. 대상자들의 신체 계측, 식이 섭취 조사, 생화학적 검사를 통해 영양상태를 판정하였고, 면역지표를 평가하기 위해 총 백혈구 수 및 백혈구 백분율을 측정하였다. 또한 세포매개성 면역능력을 측정하기 위해 T ltmphocyte과 CD4 +, CD8 + 그리고 NK cells의 수와 비율을 측정하였으며 체액성 면역지표를 알아보기 위해 면역 글로불린 G, A, M의 농도를 측정하였다. 신체 계측 결과 연령이 증가됨에 따라 평균 체지방 함량은 증가하였고 체내 총 수분량과 근육의 양은 줄어드는 경향을 나타냈다. 각 연령별 영양 섭취 상태를 조사한 결과 20대 여대생군의 경우 열량과 철분을 제외한 다른 영양소의 영양상태는 비교적 양호하였으나 3대 영양소의 열량 섭취 비율 또한 한국인 영양섭취기준과 거의 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 40~50대 어머니군에서도 철분의 영양 상태가 권장량에 비해 부족하였고, 할머니군에서는 에너지 섭취량은 권장량에 비해 낮은 반면 단백질과 철분의 섭취량은 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 총 백혈구 수 및 백혈구 백분율은 조사 대상자 대부분이 정상 범위에 속해 연령 증가에 따른 유의성이 없었으며, T lymphocyte 및 CD4 +, CD8 +와 NK cells을 조사한 결과 T lymphocyte과 CD4 + T cells은 연령 증가에 따라 유의적 차를 보이지 않는 반면 CD8 + T cells은 연령이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하여 CD4 +:CD8 +의 비율이 노화됨에 따라 증가하는 경향을 나타냈고, 전체 lymphocyte 중에서 NK cells과 B lymphocyte 수는 유의적 차를 보이지 않았으나 면역 글로불린 M은 노화에 따라 그 농도가 감소하는데 비해 면역 글로불린 A는 각 군별 유의성이 없었고, 면역 글로불린 G는 어머니군에서 유의적으로 높았다. 영양 면역학은 비교적 최근의 관심 분야이고 더욱이 국내에서 이 분야의 연구는 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 그러므로 급속히 발달하고 있는 면역학 이론의 올바른 이해와 새로운 연구 방법의 신속한 적용, 정확한 연구 결과의 해석으로 좀더 구체적이고 체계적인 연구를 통해 각 영양소가 인체 면역지표에 미치는 구체적 메커니즘을 밝히고 면역능 증진을 위한 생리적 활성을 줄 수 있는 각 영양소의 권장량에 대한 연구가 앞으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 보인다.

기관내 내독소 투여로 유발된 흰쥐의 급성폐손상에서 surfactant의 치료효과 (The Effect of Surfactant Therapy for Acute Lung Injury Induced by Intratracheal Endotoxin Instillation in Rats)

  • 강윤정;박용범;지현석;최채철;김재열;박인원;최병휘
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제48권4호
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    • pp.487-499
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    • 2000
  • 연구배경 : 급성호흡곤란증후군은 다양한 원인으로 유발된 폐포와 모세혈관 사이의 투과성 증가로 폐부종이 발생하여 저산소성 호흡부전이 유발되는 증후군으로, 여러 종류의 surfactant의 이상이 관찰되어 외부에서 기관을 통해 surfactant를 공급하는 치료방법이 많이 시도되었다. 본 연구에서는 흰쥐를 대상으로 기판내로 내독소를 주입하여 급성 폐손상을 유발한 다음 기관내로 surfactant를 투여하여 치료효과를 알아보았다. 방 법 : 흰쥐를 각각 5마리씩 네 군으로 나누어 제1군은 기관대로 생리식염수를 30분 간격으로 주입하였고, 제2군은 기관내로 내독소를 주입한 이후 30분 뒤에 기관내로 생리식염수를 주입하였으며, 제3군과 4군은 기관내로 내독소를 주입한 후 각각 30분과 5시간 뒤에 기관내로 surfactant를 주입하였다. 결 과 : 생리식영수만 기관내로 주입한 제1군에 비해서 내독소를 기관내로 주입한 제2군과 3군, 4군에서는 호흡수가 증가하고, 흡기유량이 감소하였으며, 기도저항을 나타내는 지표인 Penh은 제2군에서만 증가되었다. 동맥혈액산소분압은 제 2군에서만 유의하게 감소하였다. 기관내 내독소 투여후 24시간에 얻은 기관지폐포세척액의 단백농도는 제 2군에서만 증가하였다. 기관지폐포세척액내의 세포수는 내독소를 투여받은 제2군과 3군, 4군에서 모두 증가하였고 구성세포는 다형백혈구가 다수를 이루고 있었다. 폐조직검사에서 제2군의 폐포내로 다형백혈구를 위주로하는 염증세포의 침윤과 폐포벽의 비후소견이 관찰되었으며, 제3군 및 제4군에서도 비슷한 염증소견이 관찰되었으나 염증의 정도는 제2군에서 제일 심하였다. 결 론 : 기관내 sufactant 투여는 기관내 내독소 투여로 유발된 흰쥐의 급성폐손상에서 의미있는 치료효과를 나타내었다.

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결핵성 흉막염에서 항결핵제 치료 후의 잔여 흉막비후와 관련된 인자 (Factors Associated with Residual Pleural Thickening After Chemotherapy in Tuberculous Pleurisy)

  • 이기만;안종준;서광원;박지현;이미숙;황재철
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제50권5호
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    • pp.607-614
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    • 2001
  • 연구배경 : 결핵성 흉막염은 항결핵제 치료 후에도 잔여 흉막의 비후가 많은 예에서 관찰되며 이로 인해 흉막박피술까지 시행하는 경우도 있다. 그러나 아직까지 결핵성 흉막염의 진단 초기에는 치료후의 잔여 흉막비후를 예측할 수 있는 인자로 확실히 밝혀진 것이 없다. 이에 저자는 결핵성 흉막염의 진단 초기에 임상 및 흉수의 분석을 통하여 잔여 흉막비후의 예측 인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 1997년 1월부터 2000년 5월까지 결핵성 흉막염으로 확진된 63명을 대상으로 의무기록 및 방사선학적 검사를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 치료 후 잔여 흉막비후가 없는 군(1군 ; 37)과 잔여 흉막비후가 있었던 군(2군 ; 26 명)으로 나누었으며, 분석 요소는 임상특징, 방사선학적 소견, 흉막생검 소견 및 흉수 검사로 양 군간의 차이를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1.임상적 특징 : 호흡곤란, 기침 및 흉통, 발열의 유무 및 증상 시작부터 치료개시까지의 기간, 말초혈액에서의 총 백혈구치는 양 군간에 차이가 없었다. 2. 방사선학적 및 흉막조직 검사 소견 : 흉수의 양 및 폐결핵 유무 및 진단 초기에 흉수의 소방화유무는 양군간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 늑막 생검 조직의 현미경적 검사에서 육아종이 보였던 경우가 1군(30%)에 비해 2군(62%)이 많았다. 항산균 염색 검사에서 결핵균이 별견된 경우가 1군의 8%에 비해 2군이 38%로 유의하게 많았다 (p<0.05). 3. 흉수 검사 소견 : 흉수의 검사상 총 백혈구치 및 백혈구 감별산정은 양군간에 차이가 없었고, ADA 및 단백질값, 포도당치도 양군간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 락트산탈수소효소치는 1군의 $860{\pm}71$(mg/dL)에 비해 2군이 $1370{\pm}208$(mg/dL)로 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.05). 결 론 : 결핵성 흉막염의 치료 후 잔여 흉막 비후는 흉막 생검조직에서 육아종이 있는 경우, 항산균 염색검사에서 결핵균이 발견된 경우, 흉수 검사상 락트산탈수소효소가 높은 경우에 더 많이 발생함을 알 수 있었다.

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기관지천식 환자에서 유도객담으로 평가한 기도염증과 기관지 과민성과의 관계 (Relationship Between Airway Inflammation Assessed by Induced Sputum and Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Asthmatic Patient)

  • 정이영;김현진;정경원;강미정;김휘종;정효영;이종덕;황영실
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제47권4호
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    • pp.517-524
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    • 1999
  • 배 경: 기관지천식은 만성적인 기도염증질환으로서 기도염증으로 인해 기도 과민성과 가역적인 기도폐쇄양상을 나타내는 것으로 알려져 있다. 기도염증의 정도를 측정하는데 있어서 유도객담이 내시경을 이용한 방법보다 비침습적이고 안전하며 반복적으로 시행할 수 있는 믿을 만한 검사 방법으로 인정을 받고 있다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 유도객담을 이용하여 기도염증과 기관지 과민성간의 상관관계를 관찰하였다. 방 법 : 기관지천식의 기왕력이 있는 17명의 환자를 대상으로 검사 시작 4주 이내에 호흡기 감염이 있었거나 객담을 배출할 수 없는 환자는 제외시켜 15명이 연구에 참가하였다. 기도염증의 정도를 측정하기 위해 고장성 생리식염수(3%)로 유도객담을 채취한 후 타액과 분리한 객담 1cc를 pippet을 사용하여 15ml conical tube에 옮긴다. 4cc의 dithiothreitol 0.1%용액(Sputalysin 10%, Calbiochem Corp., San Diego, California.)과 이 용액의 완충제인 Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline 4cc를 사용하여 처리한 다음 염증세포수와 ECP를 측정하였다. 기관지 과민성을 알기 위해 메타콜린 기관지 유발시험을 시행하여 $PC_{20}$을 구하였다. 결 과 : 기저치 폐기능검사상 $FEV_1$은 예측치의 $76.3{\pm}30.3%$였고 유도객담 검사상 대식세포 수, 호중구, 호산구, 림프구는 각각 $39.1{\pm}27.0%$, $29.6{\pm}21.0%$, $28.8{\pm}18.8%$, $1.3{\pm}3.1%$였다. 유도객담 내의 ECP농도는 평균 $1,101{\pm}833\;{\mu}g/L$였고, 기하평균 $PC_{20}$은 0.56 mg/mL로 나왔다. 유도객담 내의 ECP농도는 유도객담 내의 호산구 수와 유의한 양의 상관관계(r=0.81, p<0.05)가 있었고, 가저치 폐기능검사 결과($FEV_1$)와는 유의한 역상관관계(r=-0.62, p<0.05)를 보였다. 유도객담 내 호산구 수와 메타콜린 기관지 유발시험에 의한 $PC_{20}$간에는 유의한 역상관관계(r=-0.78, p<0.05)를 보였으나, 호중구 수와 $PC_{20}$사이에는 유의한 상관관계(r=0.11, p=0.69)를 나타내지 않았다. 결 론 : 유도객담은 천식환자에서 기도염증의 정도를 반영하는 안전하면서도 유용한 검사이며 호산구의 침윤으로 인한 기도염증이 기관지천식 환자에서 기관지 과민성을 유발시키는 주요한 원인인자로서 관여할 것으로 생각된다.

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Sensory Information Processing

  • Yoshimoto, Chiyoshi
    • 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 1985
  • The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

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농가부업(農家副業)의 소득향상(所得向上)을 위한 양육생산(羊肉生産) 및 모피가공(毛皮加工)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (Studies on the Meat Production and Woolskin Processing of Sheep and Korean Native Goats for Increasing Farm Income as a Family Subsidiary Work)

  • 권순기;김종우;한성욱;이규승
    • 농업과학연구
    • /
    • 제5권2호
    • /
    • pp.93-114
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    • 1978
  • 본(本) 시험(試驗)은 농가(農家)에서 부업(副業)으로 면양(緬羊)과 산양(山羊)을 사육(飼育)하여 농가수입(農家收入)을 향상(向上)시킬 수 있는 방안(方案)으로 모색(摸索)하고 아울러 면(緬) 산양(山羊)의 산육성(産育性), 산모성(産毛性), 모피이용성(毛皮利用性), 생리적(生理的) 특성(特性) 및 각(各) 경제형질간(經濟形質間)의 상호관계(相互關係)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여 1977년(年) 5월(月) 5일(日)부터 1977년(年) 11월(月) 26일(日)까지 충남대학교(忠南大學校) 농과대학(農科大學) 부속동물사육장(附屬動物飼育場)과 대전근교(大田近郊)의 농가(農家)를 선정(選定)하여 양(羊)의 발육성적(發育成績), 도체성적(屠體成績), 내장중량(內臟重量), 혈액(血液) 및 혈장성분(血漿成分), 채식성(採食性), 경제성(經濟性)을 분석(分析)하고 아울러 각(各) 경제형질간(經濟形質間)의 상관(相關)을 산출(算出)하여 비교검토(比較檢討)하였다. 본(本) 시험(試驗)에서 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 산육성(産肉性) 및 육질(肉質) 1) 면양(緬羊)고 산양(山羊)의 발육성적(發育成績)은 196일간(日間)을 사육(飼育)한 결과(結果), 시험개시시(試驗開始時) 평균(平均) 체중(體重) 20kg와 8kg의 2배(倍)로 각각(各各) 증가(增加)되었다. 2) 면양(緬羊)은 사사구(舍飼區)와 방목구간(放牧區間)의 증체량(增體量)에 유의적(有意的) 차이(差異)가 없었다. 3) 산양(山羊)의 사육(飼育)은 전염성(傳染性) 질병(疾病)의 오염(汚染)이 없는 공주군(公州郡) 야산지대(野山地帶)에서 발육성적(發育成績)이 양호(良好)하였다. 4) 면양(緬羊)의 18개월령(個月齡) 체척측정치(體尺測定値)에서 체고(體高)에 대(對)한 비율(比率)은 십자부고(十字部高) 103%, 체장(體長) 104%, 흉심(胸心) 44%, 흉폭(胸幅) 31%, 요각폭(腰角幅) 23%, 흉위(胸圍) 135%, 전관위(前管圍) 15%였다. 재래산양(在來山羊)은 8개월령(個月齡)에서 십자부고(十字部高) 106%, 체장(體長) 109%, 흉심(胸深) 46%, 흉위(胸圍) 122%로서 면양(緬羊)보다 십자부고(十字部高), 체장(體長)과 흉심(胸心)의 비율(比率)이 높았으나 흉위(胸圍)의 비율(比率)은 낮았다. 5) 도체성적(屠體成績)에서 면양(緬羊)은 도체율(屠體率)은 $47.52{\pm}2.27%$, 골격비율(骨格比率) $9.75{\pm}1.49%$, 두골비율(頭骨比率) $2.68{\pm}0.42%$, 피모비율(皮毛比率) $20.95{\pm}2.14%$였으며, 재래산양(在來山羊)에서는 도체율(屠體率) $45.58{\pm}5.63%$, 정육율(精肉率) $27.62{\pm}3.81%$, 내장비율(內臟比率) $34.86{\pm}4.16%$, 골격(骨格), 두골(頭骨), 피모비율(皮毛比率)이 각각(各各) $11.66{\pm}1.86%$, $3.63{\pm}1.61%$, $9.26{\pm}2.41%$이었다. 6) 한국재래산양(韓國在來山羊)을 방목사사(放牧舍飼)할 경우 생산(生産)되는 도육(屠肉)의 수분(水分), 조단백(粗蛋白), 조지방(粗脂肪), 조회분(粗灰分) 함량(含量)은 근사(近似)한 차이(差異)를 나타내었다. 또한 방목(放牧) 및 사사(舍飼)한 면양도육(緬羊屠肉)을 분석(分析)한 결과(結果) 방목구(放牧區)는 사사구(舍飼區)에 비하여 수분(水分) 및 단백질함량(蛋白質含量)이 높고 지방함량(脂肪含量)은 감소(減少)하였다. 7) 각(各) 내장(內臟)의 중량(重量)은 면양(緬羊)과 재래산양(在來山羊)이 비교적(比較的) 유사(類似)한 변화(變化) 경향(傾向)을 보였는데 간장(肝臟), 심장(心臟), 신장(腎臟), 비장(脾臟)은 비교군간(比較群間)에 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되지 않았으며, 제(第)1 제(第) 2위(胃) 및 대(大), 소장(小腸)은 방목구(放牧區)가 사사구(舍飼區)에 비(比)하여 유의(有意)하게 높은 값을 나타냈고 복강내(腹腔內)의 지방량(脂肪量)은 사사구(舍飼區)가 방목구(放牧區)보다 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 높은 값을 나타냈다. 2. 산모성(産毛性) 및 모피(毛皮) 1) 7개월간(個月間) 사육(飼育)한 면양(緬羊)의 산모량(産毛量)은 $3.88{\pm}1.02kg$였으며 산모량(産毛量)은 $9.27{\pm}1.48%$, 모속량(毛束量)) $8.47{\pm}1.00cm$ 직선모장(直線毛長) $10.63{\pm}0.99cm$, 1일(日) 모성장(毛成長)은 $0.40{\pm}0.44cm$ Crimp수(數)는 $2.78{\pm}0.40$이였다. 2) 면양모피(緬羊毛皮)를 명(明)유제하여 부위별(部位別)로 항장력(抗長力) 및 인열강도(引裂强度)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 둔부(臀部)가 항장력(抗張力) $1.35kg/mm^2$ 인열력(引裂力) $2.252kg/mm^2$로서 가장 강(强)하였으며 배부(背夫), 견부(肩部)의 순위(順位)로로 항장력(抗張力) 및 인열력(引裂力)을 나타내었다. 3. 초지(草地)의 이용(利用) 및 개량(改良) 1) 재래산양(在來山羊)의 방목(放牧) 및 계목시(繫牧時)의 채식량(採食量)은 오전(午前)에 비하여 오후(午後)가 많았으며 방목(放牧) 및 계목간(繫牧間)에는 큰 차이(差異)를 나타내지 않았다. 면양(緬羊)의 방목(放牧)과 계목시(繫牧時)의 채식량(採食量)은 방목(放牧)이 계목(繫牧)보다 우수하였으며 오전9午前)에 비(比)하여 오후(午後)가 다량(多量) 채식(採食)하였다. 2) 재래산양(在來山羊)과 면양(緬羊)을 이용(利用)하여 제경조성(蹄耕造成)한 목초지(牧草地)의 정착상태(定着狀態)를 조사(調査)한 결과 재래산양구(在來山羊區)는 6025% 면양구(緬羊區)는 77.35%로서 면양(緬羊)의 이용(利用)이 우수(優秀)하였고 재래산양(在來山羊)은 방목력(放牧力)의 부족(不足)으로 제경효과(蹄耕效果)가 적었다. 4. 각(各) 경제형질(經濟形質)의 상관(相關) 1) 면양(緬羊)의 산육성(産肉性)과 여러 형질(形質)사이의 상관(相關)은 생체중(生體重)과 일당증체량간(日當增體量間)에 높은 상관(相關)을 보여 주었고 기타(其他) 형질(形質)사이에서는 별로 상관(相關)이 없었으나 흉추(胸椎)길이와 생체중(生體重), 일단증체량(日當增體量), 정육율간(精肉率間)에서는 비교적(比較的) 높은 상관(相關)이 나타나고 있다. 재래산양(在來山羊)에 잇어서는 생체중(生體重)과 일당(日當) 증체량(增體量) 사이에 높은 상관(相關)이 있었으며 도체중(屠體重)과 정육량(精肉量) 사이에도 비교적(比較的) 높은 상관(相關)이 있었으나 내장중(內臟重)과 생체중(生體重), 일당(日當) 증체량(增體量) 사이에는 부(負)의 상관(相關)을 보여주고 있다. 2) 면양(緬羊)의 산모성(産毛性) 형질(形質) 상호간(相互間)의 상관(相關)에서는 산모량(産毛量)과 생체중(生體重), 일당(日當) 증체량(增體量), 산모율간(産毛率間)에 1% 수준(水準)에서 높은 상관(相關)을 나타내고 있어 성장(成長)이 빠른 개체에 산모량(産毛量)도 많다는 것을 추정할 수 있었다. 3) 산육성(産肉性) 형질(形質)과 체척측정치(體尺測定値) 사이의 상관(相關)은 면양(緬羊)에서는 생체중(生體重), 정육중(精肉重), 내장중(內臟重)과 흉위(胸圍), 체장(體長)사이에서 제일 높았고, 도체중(屠體重), 정육중(精肉重)과 비교적(比較的) 높은 부위(部位)는 흉폭(胸幅), 흉심(胸深)이었다. 따라서 면양(緬羊)의 체척측정(體尺測定)에 중점(重點)을 두는 것이 유효(有效)할 것으로 생각된다. 재래산양(在來山羊)의 산육성(産肉性) 형질(形質)과 체척측정치(體尺測定値) 사이에는 체척부위(體尺部位)의 대부분이 산육성형질(産肉性形質)과 높은 상관(相關)을 나타내고 있으며 특히 흉위(胸圍)와 생체중(生體重), 도체중(屠體重), 정육중(精肉重), 골격비율(骨格比率)사이에서는 0.922~0.974의 높은 상관(相關)을 보여주고 있다. 한편 산육성(産肉性) 형질(形質)과 흉심(胸深), 전관위(前管威), 체장(體長)사이에도 각각(各各) 0.759~0.911, 0.759~0.909, 0.708~0.872의 비교적(比較的) 높은 상관(相關)을 나타내고 있다. 따라서 재래산양(在來山羊)에 대한 산육성(産肉性) 추정(推定)은 흉부(胸部)에 대한 c체척치(體尺値)가 상당히 큰 의의(意義)가 있을 것으로 본다. 5. 혈액상(血液像) 및 혈장성분(血漿成分) 1) 적혈구수(赤血球數)와 평균(平均) 혈색소농도(血色素濃度)는 재래산양(在來山羊)이 각각(各各) $12.93{\times}10^6/mm^3$와 36.26%에 대하여 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 높은 값을 나타냈다. 2) 혈색소량(血色素量), 적혈구용적(赤血球容積), 평균(平均) 적혈구용적(赤血球容積) 및 평균혈색소량(平均血色素量)은 재래산양(在來山羊)이 각각(各各) 10.92g/100ml, 3.02ml/100ml, $23.40{\mu}^3$ 및 10.94pg로서 면양(緬羊)의 11.73g/100ml, 36.25ml/ml, $33.97{\mu}^3$ 및 8.43pg에 비하여 낮은 값을 나타냈는데 모두 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되었다. 3) 백혈구(白血球)의 수(數)는 재래산양(在來山羊)이 $11.64{\times}10^3/mm^3$을 나타내어 면양(緬羊) $9.32{\times}10^3/mm^3$보다 유의(有意)하게 높은 값을 나타냈다. 4) 백혈구(白血球)의 감별(鑑別) 수(數)에 있어서 호염구(好鹽球)는 재래산양(在來山羊)이 임파구(淋巴球)는 면양(緬羊)이 유의(有意)학 높은 값을 나타냈으며 호염구(好鹽區), 호산구(好酸球) 및 단핵구(單核球)는 차이(差異)가 없었다. 5) 혈장중(血漿中)에 함유(含有)되어 있는 총단백질(總蛋白質)과 포도당(葡萄糖)의 양(量)은 재래산양(在來山羊)이 각각(各各) 62g/100ml와 53.6mg/100ml로서 면양(緬羊)의 5.6g/100ml와 45.7mg/100ml보다 유의(有意)하게 높은 값을 나타냈으며, 총지질(總脂質)의 양(量)은 재래산양(在來山羊)이 127.6mg/100ml로서 면양(緬羊)의 149.6mg/100ml보다 유의성(有意性)이 인정(認定)되는 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 6) 비단백질태질소화합물(非蛋白質態窒素化合物), Cholesterol, Ca, P, K, Na 및 Cl의 함량(含量)은 면양(緬羊)과 산양간(山羊間)에 차이(差異)가 없었다. 6. 경제성분석(經濟性分析) 1) 면양(緬羊)과 산양(山羊)을 196일간(日間) 사육(飼育)하였을 때 농가수익(農家收益)은 1두당(頭當) 4,000원 정도(程度)였으며 농가(農家)에서 부업(副業)으로 사육(飼育)할 수 있는 적정규모(適正規模)는 5~10두(頭)이다.

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High Resolution HC$_3$N Observations toward the Central Region of Sagittarius B2

  • H.S-Ching;Oh, M.ishi;M.Morimoto
    • 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
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    • 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
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    • pp.17-17
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    • 1993
  • The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

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