• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.48-53
• /
• 1999

Background: Despite the popularity of epidural bupivacaine-morphine infusions for postoperative pain management, the optimum concentrations and dosages of bupivacaine have not been determined. At present, due to the disadvantages conferred by intense motor block and the increased risk of toxicity, many trials focus on reducing bupivacaine concentration and thus the evaluation of concentrations less than 0.1% may be warranted. Methods: Forty patients having epiduro-general anesthesia for hysterectomy were randomly assigned to one of two study groups. As a mean of postoperative pain control, all received 2 mg of epidural morphine bolusly 1 hr before the end of surgery and continuous epidural infusion was started using a two-day Infusor containing 4 mg of morphine in 100 ml of 0.125% bupivacaine (Group 0.125B, n=20) or 100 ml of 0.0625% bupivacaine (Group 0.0625B, n=20). Study endpoints included visual analog scales (VAS) for pain during rest and movement, sensory change and motor blockade. They were assessed at 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48 hrs postoperatively. Results: For VAS during rest, no significance could be found between two groups over the course of study. But for VAS during movement, the 0.125B group showed more satisfactory results especially during early postoperative periods. For the incidence of complications, the 0.125B group revealed greater frequency of sensory change (25.0%) and motor blockade (10.0%) compared with the 0.0625B group. Conclusion: This study suggests that 0.0625% bupivacaine with morphine via epidural route was sufficient for pain control during rest but it was not satisfactory during movement especially in early postoperative periods. We also recommend that careful attention to motor blockade should be paid when using 0.125% bupivacaine.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 2000

The assessment of wildland fire hazard is the first priority to be considered in the prevention, extinction and control of wildland fire. For the standard to measure wildland fire hazard, the wildland fire Warning System is currently being used in Korea which computes the wildland fire occurrence hazard index through a stick weight to moisture conversion formula. It shows the risk of fuel substance being exposed to fire by meteorological factors. For a comprehensive assessment of wildland fire hazards by area, the major factors'hazards need to be measured and the assessment of wildland fire needs to be conducted through historical statistic examination. Therefore, the wildland (ire outbreak frequency and its seriousness of damage are analyzed through historical statistic examination to conduct the assessment of a wildland fire hazard, and then the calorific value of a forest is analyzed through differential scanning calorimeter measurement which assesses the comparative calorific hazard according to the geographical distribution of vegetation.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.91-98
• /
• 2010

Advances in communications and control technology, the strengthening of the Internet, and the growing recognition of the urgency to reduce the risk and production cost are motivating the development of improvements in the traditional manufacturing industry. In this paper, we developed a remote dust collector bag control system which is a combination of advanced IT and traditional dust collector based on the event. At first, we made the A/D(Analog/Digital) converter using a micro processor because the differential pressure transmission, which is a sensor of the dust collector, produces analog volt data. A/D converter can provide RS-232 communication to connect with Power Line Communication(PLC) modem. And, n-bytes message format was defined for the efficient dust collector bag information transmission from a dust collector to a user. Also, we designed the data types to model the dust collector and the dust collector bag, and they were logically modeled using XML and object-oriented modeling method. In addition to that, we implemented the system for showing the dust collector bag exchange time exactly to users at real-time using various visual user interfaces.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.7-16
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was designed to find out the effectiveness of vertebral segment instability, muscle fatigue response on lumbar spine after apply lumbosacral stabilization exercise program to 4 patients with chronic low back pain and for 12 weeks. In this study, the lumbar spine motion with blind by MedX test machine and the difference of instability to lumbar vertebra segments in flexion, extension test of standing position and spinal load test(Matthiass Test) by Spinal Mouse. The stabilization exercise program was applied 2 times a week for 12 weeks in hospital and 2 times a day for 20 minutes at home. The results of the present study were as follows: 1. Instability test of lumbar vertebra segment is 2 type differential angle test between vertebrae segment and loading test of spine(matthiass) by Spinal Mouse. It appeared to improve stability of segments in sagittal plane after program. So lumbar spine curve increased lordosis toward anterior and was improved of the lumbar spine flexibility in flexion and extension. Specially, in matthiass test, ( - ) value was increased between lumbar vertebra segment when was the load on spine. And so stability improved after program. 2. Fatigue response test(FRT) results, in male, was raised muscle fatigue rate during increase weight, on the other hand female appeared lower than male. As a results, lumbosacral stabilization exercise was aided to improvement of lumbar spine vertebra segments stabilization. Spine instability patients will have a risk when in lifting a load or working with slight flexion posture during the daily of living life and it is probably to increase recurrence rate. Thus, not only lumbar extension muscle strength but also stability of vertebra segments in lumbar spine may be very important.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.415-422
• /
• 2014

There is growing difference between a planned value and an actual cost for increasing as an risk of construction cost. A construction cost index is an alternative to redeem a problem, but it is still very difficult to reduce an actual differential as a price fluctuation. Furthermore an existing theory of a construction cost index is overly complex, and is unsuitable for using in working-level. This study suggests an optimum correction rate in respect of a total construction cost. It is analyzing the actual cost of 53 public buildings that the Public Procurement Service ordered. The objects are main processes that include architectural works, mechanical works, electrical works, telecommunication works, and service facilities. It is compared a total construction cost based on absolute error rate using the median from frequentist principle. For this, it is selected the suitable regression model and set a correction rate.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.1047-1054
• /
• 2012

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice, and its risk increases with age. Conventionally, the way of detecting AF was the time·frequency domain analysis of RR variability. However, the detection of ECG signal is difficult because of the low amplitude of the P wave and the corruption by the noise. Also, the time·frequency domain analysis of RR variability has disadvantage to get the details of irregular RR interval rhythm. In this study, we describe an atrial fibrillation pattern analysis based on symbolization and information entropy. We transformed RR interval data into symbolic sequence through differential partition, analyzed RR interval pattern, quantified the complexity through Shannon entropy and detected atrial fibrillation. The detection algorithm was tested using the threshold between 10ms and 100ms on two databases, namely the MIT-BIH Atrial Fibrillation Database.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.7
• /
• pp.3072-3081
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of blood pressures, hematological and blood biochemical properties according to the degree of obesity based on differential combinations of BMI in health checkup examinees. Study subjects were 3,731 adults of 20 years and over (2,312 males, 1,419 females), not recognized as taking medicines for or having cardiovascular diseases, who underwent health package check-up at the Korea Association of Health Promotion, Daejeon Branch from Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2009. As a results, the mean values of SBP, DBP, TG, TC, LDL-C, ALT, AST, GGT, ALP were significantly increased with higher level of BMI, but the HDL-C was significantly decreased with higher level of BMI. On correlation of BMI with various factors, the BMI was positively correlated with SBP, DBP, TG, TC, LDL-C and GGT, while the HDL-C was negatively correlated. Based on the result of ordinal logistic regression analysis, the risk ratio to the abnormal level of SBP, DBP, TG, ALT and GGT were significantly increased as BMI increased.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.1-4
• /
• 2009

Objectives : Isolated cleft lip with or without cleft palate(CL/P) is among the most common human birth defects, with a prevalence of approximately 1 in 700 live births. The B-Cell Leukemia/lymphoma 3(BCL3) gene has been suggested as a candidate gene for CL/P based on association and linkage studies in some populations. This study tests for an association between markers in BCL3 and isolated, non-syndromic CL/P using a case-parent trio design, while considering parent-of-origin effects. Methods : Forty case-parent trios were genotyped for two single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) in the BCL3 gene. We performed a transmission disequilibrium test(TDT) on individual SNPs, and the FAMHAP package was used to estimate haplotype frequencies and to test for excess transmission of multi-SNP haplotypes. Results : The odds ratio for transmission of the minor allele, OR(transmission), was significant for SNP rs8100239(OR=3.50, p=0.004) and rs2965169(OR=2.08, p=0.027) when parent-of-origin was not considered. Parentspecific TDT revealed that SNP rs8100239 showed excess maternal transmission. Analysis of haplotypes of rs2965169 and rs8100239 also suggested excess maternal transmission. Conclusions : BCL3 appears to influence risk of CL/P through a parent-of-origin effect with excess maternal transmission.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2006

Idiopathic renal hypouricemia is a disorder characterized by impaired urate handling in the renal tubules. Most patients with hypouricemia are asymptomatic and are found incidentally, but the condition is known to be at high risk for exercise-induced acute renal failure or urolithiasis. URAT1 protein encoded by SLC22A12 gene has been identified recently as a urate/anion exchanger in the human kidney. Inactivation mutations in SLC22A12 gene have been shown to cause renal idiopathic hypouricemia. We experienced a 3-year-old boy who presented with persistent orange-colored urine since infancy. His urine contained many uric acid crystals, while the serum showed hypouricemia(0.7 mg/dL). The fractional excretion of uric acid was increased to 41.7%. SLC22a12 gene analysis revealed W258X homozygote alleles. Renal hypouricemia must be included in the differential diagnosis of red-urine and SLC22A12 gene analysis is recommended in idiopathic renal hypouricemia.

• Nutritional Sciences
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.3-8
• /
• 2006

Functional damage to microvascular endothelial cells by hyperglycemia is thought to be one of the critical risk factor.; in the impaired wound healing seen with diabetes mellitus. It is also thought that oxidative stress plays a significant role in this endothelial cell dysfunction. The present study examined the differential effects of flavonoids on endothelial cell dysfunction under high glucose conditions. Human endothelial cells exposed to 30 mmol/L glucose for 7 d were pre-treated with various flavonoids and pulse-treated with 0.2 mmol/L $H_2O_2$ for 30 min. High glucose markedly decreased cell viability with elevated oxidant generation and nuclear condensation. $H_2O_2$ insult exacerbated endothelial cytotoxicity due to chronic exposure to high glucose. (-)Epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin improved glucose-induced cell damage with the disappearnnce of apoptotic bodies, whereas apigenin intensified the glucose cytotoxicity. In addition, cell viability data revealed that these flavonoids of (-)epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin substantially attenuated both high glucose- and $H_2O_2$- induced dual endothelial damage. These results suggest that (-)epigallocatechin gallate and quercetin may be beneficial agents for improving endothelial cell dysfunction induced by high glucose and may prevent or reduce the development of diabetic vascular complications.