• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Dizziness can be classified mainly into 4 types: vertigo, disequilibrium, presyncope, and lightheadedness. Among these types, vertigo is a sensation of movement or motion due to various causes. The main causes of peripheral vertigo are benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), acute vestibular neuritis (AVN), and Meniere's disease. BPPV is one of the most common causes of peripheral vertigo. It is characterized by brief episodes of mild to intense vertigo, which are triggered by specific changes in the position of the head. BPPV is diagnosed from the characteristic symptoms and by observing the nystagmus such as in the Dix-Hallpike test. BPPV is treated with several canalith repositioning procedures. AVN is the second most common cause of peripheral vertigo. Its key symptom is the acute onset of sustained rotatory vertigo without hearing loss. It is treated with symptomatic therapy with antihistamines, anticholinergic agents, anti-dopaminergic agents, and gamma-aminobutyric acid-enhancing agents that are used for symptoms of acute vertigo. Meniere's disease is characterized by episodic vertigo, fluctuating hearing loss, and tinnitus. It is traditionally relieved with life-style modification, a low-salt diet, and prescription of diuretics. However, diagnosis and treatment of the peripheral vertigo can be difficult without knowledge of BPPV, AVN, and Meniere's disease. This article provides information on the differential diagnosis of peripheral vertigo in BPPV, AVN, and Meniere's disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.821-824
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in tuberculous pleural effusions (TPEs) and malignant pleural effusions (MPEs). Pleural effusion (PE) samples from 100 patients were classified on the basis of diagnosis as TPE (n=57) and MPE (n=43). The activity of SOD was determined by pyrolgallol assay. A significant difference was observed in SOD activity (P<0.01) between TPE and MPE, levels of being significantly higher in TPE compared to MPE. With a threshold value of 41 U/L, the area under the ROC curve was 0.653, SOD had a sensitivity of 61.4% and a specificity of 61.0% for differential diagnosis. Thus, SOD activity in PE was not a good biomarker in differentiating TPE and MPE. To the best of our knowledge, five SOD isoforms may be present in PE. Identification of which SOD contributes to the difference of SOD level between TPE and MPE is very important for illustrating mechanisms and improving the differential diagnostic value.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2017

Voice disorder is classified into three categories, structural, neurogenic and functional dysphonia. Neurogenic dysphonia refers to a disruption in the nerves controlling the larynx. Common examples of this include complete or partial vocal cord paralysis, spasmodic dysphonia. Also it occurs as part of an underlying neurologic condition such as Parkinson's disease, myasthenia gravis, Lou Gehrig's disease or disorder of the central nervous system that causes involuntary movement of the vocal folds during voice production. Functional dysphonia is a voice disorder in the absence of structual or neurogenic laryngeal characteristics. A near consensus exist that Muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) is functional voice disorder wherein hyperfunctional laryngeal muscle activity whereas Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is neurogenic, action-induced focal laryngeal dystonia including several subtype. Both Adductor type spasmodic dysphonia (AdSD) and MTD may be associated with excessive supraglottic contraction and compensation, resulting in a strained voice quality with spastic voice breaks. It makes these two disorders extremely difficult to differentiate based on clinical interpretation alone. Because treatment for AdSD and MTD are quite different, correct diagnosis is important. Clinician should be aware of the specific vocal characteristics of each disease to improve therapeutic outcome.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.64-75
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• 2019

Vertigo and dizziness are common symptoms with various etiologies and pathogeneses. Vertigo is an illusion of motion due to disease of the vestibular system, usually a sense of rotation. Dizziness, a term that represents a wide range of non-vertigo symptoms, is commonly associated with non-vestibular disorders including old age, cardiac syncope, orthostatic hypotension, metabolic disease, anxiety, and drugs. Vertigo should be determined whether the cause is central or peripheral. Peripheral vertigo is usually benign but central vertigo is serious and often require urgent treatment. The careful history and detailed physical examinations(pattern of nystagmus, ocular tilt reaction, head impulse test and positional tests such as Dix-Hallpike maneuver) provide important clues to the diagnosis of vertigo. Most of patients have benign peripheral vestibular disorders - vestibular neuritis, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and Meniere's disease. BPPV is a leading cause of peripheral vertigo and can easily be cured with a canalith repositioning maneuver. In this review, a focus is on the differential diagnosis of common vestibular disorders with peripheral and central causes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.225-229
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• 2019

Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection present with unique intraoral manifestations of various neoplasms. Intraoral HIV-associated Burkitt's lymphoma is a rare presentation, especially in patients of Indian origin and may present as an initial sign of HIV. The objective of this paper is to report a rare case of Burkitt's lymphoma in an HIV-positive Indian patient along with a special emphasis on differential diagnosis. A 30-year-old Indian female presented with a solitary, well-defined, exophytic mass extending anteroposteriorly and buccolingually from the 35th to 38th regions with no evidence of intraosseous extension. An incisional biopsy was performed, and histopathology showed sheets of neoplastic lymphoid cells with numerous tingible body macrophages with clear cytoplasm, presenting a starry sky appearance, suggesting a diagnosis of BL. The tumor cells were positive for CD10, CD20, c-myc, and Epstein-Barr virus, with a nearly 100% Ki-67 proliferative index. The patient tested positive for HIV. This report indicates the importance of immunohistochemical analysis to differentiate Burkitt's lymphoma from other similar lesions like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Thorough knowledge of the clinical presentation, etiopathogenesis, histopathology, and immunoprofile of intraoral HIV-associated Burkitt's lymphoma is essential among clinicians and pathologists.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2019

Central odontogenic fibroma (COF) is defined as a fibroblastic odontogenic tumor characterized by varying density of the tooth epithelium. It is an extremely rare benign neoplasm that occurs in the maxilla and the mandible; only a few reports of COF are available in the literature. Diagnosis of the lesion based only on the radiological features of COF is difficult due to variation in the findings regarding this condition. This report describes 2 clinical cases of middle-aged women with COF. Clinical examination revealed palatal mucosal depression; additionally, oral examination, as well as panoramic radiographs, intraoral radiographs, and computed tomography scans, revealed severe root resorption. This report highlights the clinical and radiological imaging features of COF, with the goal of enabling straightforward differential diagnosis of the lesion by the clinician and thereby appropriate treatment of the patient.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.109-125
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• 2018

Objectives : It is difficult to make accurate diagnosis of musculoskeletal disease because of its multiple, subjective and non-specific symptoms. It is possible to reduce errors of differential diagnosis through detailed history taking and physical examination in parallel with laboratory tests based on clinical decision. Methods : Korean and foreign on-line databases(Pubmed, Cochran Library, NDSL, KISS and OASIS) were researched for articles discussing laboratory tests in musculoskeletal diseases. Results : Laboratory tests could be applied usefully for various musculoskeletal diseases, In this review, available laboratory components in these musculoskeletal diseases are summarized, and then significance and usefulness of disease-specific laboratory examination are described. Conclusions : When examining musculoskeletal patients, it needs to accurate differential diagnosis by full interview and physical examination, to select required tests by understanding laboratory tests thoroughly, and to judge the prognosis precisely.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.20
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• pp.78-81
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• 2001

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.87-98
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• 2006

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.66-67
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• 2007