• 지능정보연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2004

프로덕트팩토리는 온라인 고객을 위한 실시간 금융상품 설계시스템을 의미한다. 복합상품이란 두개의 서로 다른 상품의 속성을 적절히 결합하여 설계한 새로운 상품을 의미한다. 복합상품프로덕트팩토리는 위 두 개념을 결합한 것으로서 두개의 서로 다른 상품을 비즈니스 규칙과 사용자의 요구에 근거하여 적절히 결합하여 새로운 복합상품을 설계하는 프로덕트팩토리를 의미한다. 금융 및 보험 산업에서 자동화된 프로덕트팩토리의 필요성에 대하여 많은 논의는 있었지만 현재까지 이렇다 할 연구 성과는 보이지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서 우리는 복합상품을 설계할 수 있는 프로덕트팩토리를 개발하였다. 복합상품을 설계하기 위해서는 상품의 구조화된 표현 방법이 필요하며, 이렇게 표현된 서로 다른 상품의 속성을 결합하여 복합상품의 속성을 정의 할 수 있는 속성결합방법이 필요하고, 또한 이들 속성의 결합방법을 제어하는 비즈니스 규칙을 표현하기 위한 방법이 필요하다. 본 연구에서 우리는 상품을 기술하는데 필요한 네 종류의 속성을 규명하였고, 이들 속성을 결합하기 위한 결합연산자를 개발하였으며, 또한 비즈니스 규칙을 표현하는 방법을 제시하였다. 또한, 본 연구의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 복합상품설계시스템을 구현하여 대출상품에 적용해 보았다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.158-158
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• 2023

Characterizing the performance of precipitation (hereafter PRE) products in estimating the uncertainties in daily PRE in the era of global warming is of great value to the ecosystem's sustainability and human survival. This study intercompares the performance of different PRE products (gauge-based, satellite and reanalysis) sourced from the Frequent Rainfall Observations on GridS (FROGS) database over diverse climate zones in Africa and identifies regions where they depict minimal uncertainties in order to build optimal maps as a guide for different climate users. This is achieved by utilizing various techniques, including the triple collection (TC) approach, to assess the capabilities and limitations of different PRE products over nine climatic zones over the continent. For daily scale analysis, the uncertainties in light PRE (0.1 5mm/day) are prevalent over most regions in Africa during the study duration (2001-2016). Estimating the occurrence of extreme PRE events based on daily PRE 90th percentile suggests that extreme PRE is mainly detected over central Africa (CAF) region and some coastal regions of west Africa (WAF) where the majority of uncorrected satellite products show good agreement. The detection of PRE days and non-PRE days based on categorical statistics suggests that a perfect POD/FAR score is unattainable irrespective of the product type. Daily PRE uncertainties determined based on quantitative metrics show that consistent, satisfactory performance is demonstrated by the IMERG products (uncorrected), ARCv2, CHIRPSv2, 3B42v7.0 and PERSIANN_CDRv1r1 (corrected), and GPCC, CPC_v1.0, and REGEN_ALL (gauge) during the study period. The optimal maps that show the classification of products in regions where they depict reliable performance can be recommended for various usage for different stakeholders.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.78-84
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine shifts in the composition of the bacterial population in the intestinal tracts (ITs) of weaning piglets by antibiotic treatment using high-throughput sequencing. Methods: Sixty 28-d-old weaning piglets were randomly divided into two treatment groups. The Control group was treated with a basal diet without antibiotics. The Antibiotic group's basal diet contained colistin sulfate at a concentration of 20 g per ton and bacitracin zinc at a concentration of 40 g per ton. All of the pigs were fed for 28 days. Then, three pigs were killed, and the luminal contents of the jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon were collected for DNA extraction and high-throughput sequencing. Results: The results showed that the average daily weight gain of the antibiotic group was significantly greater (p<0.05), and the incidence of diarrhea lower (p>0.05), than the control group. A total of 812,607 valid reads were generated. Thirty-eight operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that were found in all of the samples were defined as core OTUs. Twenty-one phyla were identified, and approximately 90% of the classifiable sequences belonged to the phylum Firmicutes. Forty-two classes were identified. Of the 232 genera identified, nine genera were identified as the core gut microbiome because they existed in all of the tracts. The proportion of the nine core bacteria varied at the different tract sites. A heat map was used to understand how the numbers of the abundant genera shifted between the two treatment groups. Conclusion: At different tract sites the relative abundance of gut microbiota was different. Antibiotics could cause shifts in the microorganism composition and affect the composition of gut microbiota in the different tracts of weaning piglets.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2021

We aimed to compare the content of ginsenosides and the pharmacokinetics after the oral administration of four different ginseng products at a dose of 1 g/kg in rats. The four different ginseng products were fresh ginseng extract, red ginseng extract, white ginseng extract, and saponin enriched white ginseng extract prepared from the radix of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. The ginsenoside concentrations in the ginseng product and the rat plasma samples were determined using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Eight or nine ginsenosides of the 15 tested ginsenosides were detected; however, the content and total ginsenosides varied depending on the preparation method. Moreover, the content of triglycosylated ginsenosides was higher than that of diglycosylated ginsenosides, and deglycosylated ginsenosides were not present in any preparation. After the single oral administrations of four different ginseng products in rats, only four ginsenosides, such as 20(S)-ginsenosides Rb1 (GRb1), GRb2, GRc, and GRd, were detected in the rat plasma samples among the 15 ginsenosides tested. The plasma concentrations of GRb1, GRb2, GRc, and GRd were different depends on the preparation method but pharmacokinetic features of the four ginseng products were similar. In conclusion, a good correlation between the area under the concentration curve and the content of GRb1, GRb2, and GRc, but not GRd, in the ginseng products was identified and it might be the result of their higher content and intestinal biotransformation of the ginseng product.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.138-147
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• 2019

Pipes and components of the secondary system in the pressurized water reactor (PWR) are mainly comprised of manufactured carbon steel. Thus, the generated carbon steel corrosion products are transported into the steam generator and deposited, thereby deteriorating the integrity of the steam generator. Environmental condition in the secondary system of the PWRs differs across different locations. So, the corrosion rate and types of corrosion products depend on specific locations in the secondary system. In this study, the quantity and chemical compositions of corrosion products generated in various locations that vary in different temperatures and chemistry conditions were investigated. As a result of evaluating the PWR "Unit A" that is in current operation, the amount of corrosion products generated in the section of high temperature feedwater system was identified as the largest source in the secondary system. Major components of corrosion products were iron oxides such as magnetite, hematite, and lepidocrocite.

• 지역과문화
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.77-93
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• 2021

博物馆文化商品在博物馆收益中逐渐占据重要部分, 因此, 在博物馆经营中, 文化商品营销的重要性日益增大。本研究通过对中国故宫博物院和韩国国立中央博物馆的文化商品营销战略进行比较分析, 来探索两国博物馆文化商品营销的发展方向。为此, 通过产品, 价格, 渠道, 促销等营销4P战略分析, 分析了韩国国立中央博物馆（以下称中博)和中国故宫博物馆（以下称故宫)的文化商品的差异。研究结果表明, 在产品(product)方面, 故宫重视与其他企业的合作战略, 但中博主要以"企划展文化商品"为中心, 将重点放在自身的商品开发上。价格（price)方面, 中博的文化商品比一般产品的价格定价要高。与此相反, 故宫的部分文化商品与市面上类似产品比较, 以相对低廉的价格出售。据分析, 这是因为不同的市场占有率而采取的战略。从渠道(place)方面来看, 故宫利用多种电商销售文化商品, 而中博则通过特定网站进行集中销售。另外, 故宫的线下卖场位于故宫正门出入口等位置, 但中博的线下文化商品店则设立在中博内部。在促销(promotion)方面, 故宫主要利用网络社交媒体营销战略, 而中博会每年通过公开招募活动收集人们各种各样的想法, 开发文化商品。本次研究通过中国故宫博物院和韩国国立中央博物馆的博物馆文化商品营销方式的比较, 对中国和韩国博物馆文化商品的发展具有新的启示意义。

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.81-91
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• 2011

Current fuel ethanol research and development deals with process engineering trends for improving biotechnological production of ethanol. Recently, a large amount of studies regarding the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as a good feedstock for producing fuel ethanol is being carried out worldwide. The plant biomass is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The main challenge in the conversion of biomass into ethanol is the complex, rigid and harsh structures which require efficient process and cost effective to break down. The isolation of microorganisms is one of the means for obtaining enzymes with properties suitable for industrial applications. For these reasons, crude cultures containing cellulosic biomass degrading microorganisms were isolated from rice field soil, cow farm soil and rotten rice straw from cow farm. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), xylan and Avicel (microcrystalline cellulose) degradation zone of clearance on agar platefrom rice field soil resulted approximately at 25 mm, 24 mm and 22 mm respectively. As for cow farm soil, CMC, xylan and Avicel degradation clearancezone on agar plate resulted around at 24mm, 23mm and 21 mm respectively. Rotten rice straw from cow farm also resulted for CMC, xylan and Avicel degradation zone almost at 24 mm, 23 mm and 22 mm respectively. The objective of this study is to isolatebiomass degrading microbial strains having good efficiency in cellulose hydrolysis and observed the effects of different substrates (CMC, xylan and Avicel) on the production of cellulase enzymes (endo-glucanase, exo-glucanase, cellobiase, xylanase and avicelase) for producing low cost biofuel from cellulosic materials.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.389-395
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• 2016

Purpose: Drying is one of the most widely used methods for preserving agricultural products or food. The main purpose of drying agricultural products is to reduce their water content for minimizing microbial spoilage and deterioration reaction during storage. Methods: Although numerous drying methods are successfully applied to dehydrate various agricultural products with little drying time, the final quality of dried samples in terms of appearance and shape cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, based on published literature, this review was conducted to study the drying characteristics of various agricultural products when different drying methods were applied. Results: An increase in the drying power of sources-for example, increase in hot air temperature or velocity, infrared or microwave power-and the combination of drying power levels can reduce the drying time of various agricultural products. In addition, energy efficiency in drying significantly relies on the compositions of the dried samples and drying conditions. Conclusions: The drying power source is the key factor to control entire drying process of different samples and final product quality. In addition, an appropriate drying method should be selected depending on the compositions of the agricultural products.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.45-61
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of older consumers' lifestyle, and to provide the basic information for developing silver commodities and, in turn, to stimulate the silver industry which has received attention as a next-generation industry. The study divided elderly consumers into four lifestyle categories and analyzed the difference in demographic characteristics among these categories as well as differences in demand for silver products. Data were collected with questionnaire and analyzed with frequency analysis, factor analysis, K-means cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, and a $x^2$ test using SPSS 15.0. Four different lifestyles categories were identified among elderly consumers : conservative and stability oriented (22 persons, 33.3% of the sample), progressive and relation oriented (22 persons, 15.0%), reality adapted (52 persons, 35.4%), and traditional (24 persons, 16.4%). The demand for silver products demands was significantly different among elderly consumers in the four different lifestyle groups.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.1368-1374
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• 2005

To investigate the genetic relationships among various cattle breeds, bovine mtDNA D-loop region was used in 411 animals of 18 cattle breeds, including 8 Asian Bos taurus, 7 European Bos taurus, 1 Asian Bos indicus, and 2 African Bos indicus. The size of amplified PCR products from mtDNA D-loop region was 964 bp and the products were digested by 15 different restriction enzymes. Two different band patterns were identified in eight restriction enzymes (BstXI, Hae III, Msp I, Apa I, Taq I, Alu I, BamH I, EcoN I) and the rest of restriction enzymes showed more than 3 different band patterns among which Apo I and MspR9 resulted in 7 different restriction patterns. The genotypes, number of haplotype, effective number of haplotype, and degree of heterozygosity were analyzed. Based on all the PCR-RFLP data, different haplotypes were constructed and analyzed for calculating genetic distances between these breeds using Nei's unbiased method and constructing a phylogenetic tree.