• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.27-37
• /
• 2014

This study examines the quality characteristics of the muffins made by adding 3%, 6%, and 9% of beet powder, comparing with the reference group. The result showed that there has been no significant difference in the ash content from the groups added with 3% and 9% of beet powder. The height of muffins appeared to be 4.7~5.0 cm, which didn't show any significant difference among the samples. The volume of beet muffins has shown significant difference among the samples (p<0.001). From the measurement result by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the samples had thick cellular walls and coarse pores because there was less gluten content with increased beet powder. From the chromaticity measurement result, L value and b-value decreased, while a-value increased with increased beet powder. From the texture measurement result, hardness increased with increased beet powder. Adhesiveness appeared to be getting lower with increased beet powder. Also, there was significant difference among the samples for cohesiveness (p<0.001). Gumminess got higher in the samples added with 3% and 6% of beet powder, and the highest chewiness was shown in the sample group added with 3% of beet powder. From the sensory evaluation result, overall acceptance has appeared in order of 6% > 9% > 3% > 0%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.227-234
• /
• 2015

In this paper, we studied possibility about application for CAD on diffuse liver disease through pixel texture analysis parameters(average gray level, skewness, entropy) which based statistical property brightness histogram and image analysis using brightness difference liver and kidney parenchyma. The experiment was set by ROI ($50{\times}50$ pixels) on liver ultrasound images.(non specific, fatty liver, liver cirrhosis) then, evaluated disease recognition rates using 4 types pixel texture analysis parameters and brightness gap liver and kidney parenchyma. As a results, disease recognition rates which contained average brightness, skewness, uniformity, entropy was scored 100%~96%, they were high. In brightness gap between liver and kidney parenchyma, non specific was $-1.129{\pm}12.410$ fatty liver was $33.182{\pm}11.826$, these were shown significantly difference, but liver cirrhosis was $-1.668{\pm}10.081$, that was somewhat small difference with non specific case. Consequently, pixel texture analysis parameter which scored high disease recognition rates and CAD which used brightness difference of parenchyma are very useful for detecting diffuse liver disease as well as these are possible to use clinical technique and minimize reading miss. Also, it helps to suggest correct diagnose and treatment.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2020

It is known that the difference of texture of the polycrystalline Al sheet is not a critical parameter for the formation of aligned nanopore arrays in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO). This will be related to the polycrystalline grain in the Al sheet. The texture of each grain in the polycrystalline Al sheet is different. The mixed textures of grains have the mixing effects on the nanopore structure of the AAO. Thus, the effect of Al texture on the nanopore structure of the AAO was investigated using three types of Al single crystals with (111), (200) and (220) textures in this paper. These three types of AAO layers were fabricated by the two-step anodizing method at 40 V and temperature of 0-5℃ in oxalic acid solution. In the nanopores formed on the AAO, the average area of one nanopore and the average roundness of one nanopore were measured were measured based on the SEM images. In the hexagon obtained by connecting nanopores on the AAO, the average standard deviation of one angle deviated from 120° was measured. In the AAO nanopores with texture of (111), (200) and (220) single crystal samples, the average area of one nanopore of (200) single crystal sample was the widest, followed by (111), (220) single crystals. The average circularity of one nanopore of (200) single crystal sample was the best, followed by (111), (220) single crystals. The average standard deviation of an angle from 120° of (220) single crystal sample was the largest, followed by (111) and (200) single crystals.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.109-115
• /
• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the trabecular bone through texture analysis and compare the texture analysis characteristics of different areas in patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Materials and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomographic images of 16 patients diagnosed with MRONJ were used. In sagittal images, 3 regions were chosen: active osteonecrosis(AO); intermediate tissue (IT), which presented a zone of apparently healthy tissue adjacent to the AO area; and healthy bone tissue (HT) (control area). Texture analysis was performed evaluating 7 parameters: secondary angular momentum, contrast, correlation, sum of squares, inverse moment of difference, sum of entropies, and entropy. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with a significance level of 5%. Results: Comparing the areas of AO, IT, and HT, significant differences (P<0.05) were observed. The IT and AO area images showed higher values for parameters such as contrast, entropy, and secondary angular momentum than the HT area, indicating greater disorder in these tissues. Conclusion: Through texture analysis, changes in the bone pattern could be observed in areas of osteonecrosis. The texture analysis demonstrated that areas visually identified and classified as IT still had necrotic tissue, thereby increasing the accuracy of delimiting the real extension of MRONJ.

• Progress in Superconductivity
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.70-74
• /
• 2003

We fabricated cube textured Ni substrate for YBCO coated conductor and evaluated the effects of processing parameters on microstructural evolution and texture formation. Ni-rods as an initial specimen were prepared by two different methods, i.e., powder metallurgy(PM) and plasma arc melting(PAM). Subsequently, the rods were cold rolled to 100 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thick substrate and annealed at temperatures of $700∼1200^{\circ}C$. The texture of the substrate was characterized by pole-figure. It was observed that the texture of substrate made by P/M did not significantly varied with annealing temperature of 600∼$l100^{\circ}C$ and the full-width at half-maximums (FWHM) of both in-plane and out-of-plane were 9$^{\circ}$∼$10^{\circ}$. On the other hand, the texture of substrate made by PAM was more dependent on the annealing temperature and the corresponding values were $9^{\circ}$ ∼$13^{\circ}$ at the temperature range. In addition, recrystallization twin texture, (221)＜221＞, was formed as the temperature increased further. OM profiles showed that the grain size of substrate made by P/M was smaller than that made by PAM and this difference was correlated to the microstructure of initial specimens.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2022

Background: Texture analysis has been used as a method for quantifying image properties based on textural features. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) texture analysis for the evaluation of viable ovarian tissue on the perfusion map of ovarian endometriosis. Methods: To generate a normalized perfusion map, subtracted T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T1WI and contrast-enhanced T1W1 with sequences were performed using the same parameters in 25 patients with surgically confirmed ovarian endometriosis. Integrated density is defined as the sum of the values of the pixels in the image or selection. We investigated the parameters for texture analysis in ovarian endometriosis, including angular second moment (ASM), contrast, correlation, inverse difference moment (IDM), and entropy, which is equivalent to the product of area and mean gray value. Results: The perfusion ratio and integrated density of normal ovary were 0.52±0.05 and 238.72±136.21, respectively. Compared with the normal ovary, the affected ovary showed significant differences in total size (p<0.001), fractional area ratio (p<0.001), and perfusion ratio (p=0.010) but no significant differences in perfused tissue area (p=0.158) and integrated density (p=0.112). In comparison of parameters for texture analysis between the ovary with endometriosis and the contralateral normal ovary, ASM (p=0.004), contrast (p=0.002), IDM (p<0.001), and entropy (p=0.028) showed significant differences. A linear regression analysis revealed that fractional area had significant correlations with ASM (r²=0.211), IDM (r²=0.332), and entropy (r²=0.289). Conclusion: MRI texture analysis could be useful for the evaluation of viable ovarian tissues in patients with ovarian endometriosis.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.569-575
• /
• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to determine the appropriate water content for optimal texture in high omega-3 fatty acid saury nuggets. The approach adopted in this study essentially involved variations in water levels(0{\sim}25%$). The main ingredients of the nuggets included saury mince, mild pizza cheese and hydrated textured soy protein concentrate. The formulated products were molded(dia. 4.5, thickness 1.5 cm, 20 g), battered lightly, flash-fried far 4 min at $160^{\circ}C$ and frozen until they were tested. The frozen nuggets were cooked to $65^{\circ}C$, then subjected to sensory evaluation, texture analysis at 80% deformation, and expressible fluid tests. The moisture contents in the nugget batter and the cooked nuggets were determined. In our sensory evaluation, nugget texture was adjudged the best in the nuggets prepared with a 20% water level(S5). The hardness and chewiness in the nuggets were reduced with increases in the water level. However, when the nuggets contain more than 15% water(S4, S5, S6), we noted no significant differences in the hardness values. The difference in moisture content between the uncooked nugget bat or and the cooked nugget was most profound in the nugget prepared with a water level 25%(S6). The nugget prepared with a water level 25% was also the highest in expressible fluids, and was also highest in internal moisture content. The texture preference of nuggets was correlated positively with moistness(r=0.881) and moisture content(r=0.827), and correlated negatively with firmness(r=-0.870) and cohesiveness(r=-0.839), and these correlations were significant.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
• /
• v.1991 no.11
• /
• pp.57-60
• /
• 1991

A new approach to texture classification for ultrasound liver diagnosis using run difference matrix was developed. The run difference matrix consists of the gray level difference along with distance. From this run difference matrix, we defined several parameters such as LDE, LDEL, NUF, SMO, SMG, SHP etc. and three vectors namely DOD, DGD and DAD. Each parameter value calculated in fatty cirrhotic, chronic hepatitic and normal liver mage was plotted in two dimensional plane. We compared our results with run length method. There are several advantages of run difference matrix method over the run lengths. 1) It is more sensitive to small difference of gray level distribution. 2) The parameters provide more statistically significant value. Images were classified with the extracted parameters to each diseases using neural networks. In preliminary clinical exprements, this approach showed satisfying results.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.41-46
• /
• 2013

The microstructural evolution of AA1050/AA6061 complex aluminum alloy, which is fabricated using an accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) process, with the proceeding of ARB, was investigated by electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The specimen after one cycle exhibited a deformed structure in which the grains were elongated to the rolling direction for all regions in the thickness direction. With the proceeding of the ARB, the grain became finer; the average grain size of the as received material was $45{\mu}m$; however, it became $6.3{\mu}m$ after one cycle, $1.5{\mu}m$ after three cycles, and $0.95{\mu}m$ after five cycles. The deviation of the grain size distribution of the ARB processed specimens decreased with increasing number of ARB cycles. The volume fraction of the high angle grain boundary also increased with the number of ARB cycles; it was 43.7% after one cycle, 62.7% after three cycles, and 65.6% after five cycles. On the other hand, the texture development was different depending on the regions and the materials. A shear texture component {001}<110> mainly developed in the surface region, while the rolling texture components {011}<211> and {112}<111> developed in the other regions. The difference of the texture between AA1050 and AA6061 was most obvious in the surface region; {001}<110> component mainly developed in AA1050 and {111}<110> component in AA6061.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2018

In this study, microstructural changes due to extrusion, rolling and heat treatment were studied to fabricate Al-4.0wt%Zn-1.5wt%Mg-0.9wt%Cu alloys with homogeneous microstructure suitable for metal cases of smart phones and electronic products fabricated through plastic working. After extrusion microstructure and texture were developed very differently on the surface and inside. Inside, coarse grains were formed and a strong Cube component orientation was developed. On the surface, a weak texture was developed with small grains. After 72% cold rolling the intensity of the Cube component orientation was lower, and uniform texture was developed in all the layers and the R-value was uniformly predicted. After recrystallization, the grain size difference between at the surface and the inside is smaller, when 72% rolling was performed, indicating that a uniform structure is formed. Texture develops almost randomly after recrystallization and exhibits uniform R-values at all layers.