• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.191-207
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree of socialization of household work and to analyze the influence of demographic and psycho-social variable on socialization of household work. For the purpose of this study, questionnaires were administrated to 314 housewives in Pusan. For the statistical analysis were as follows; 1)The degree of socialization in the domain of food showed significant difference by number of family, number of children, housewife's age, housewife's education, husband's education, income and sex-role attitude. The degree of socialization in the domain of housing showed significant difference by family pattern, housewife's education, husband's education, state of housewife employment. husband's occupation , income and sex-role attitude. The degree of socialization in the domain of clothing showed significant difference by housewife's age, housewife's education, husband's education , state of housewife employment. husband's occupation, income and sex-role attitude. The degree of socialization in the domain of family management showed significant difference by number of children, housewife's age. state of housewife employment, income, period of marriage life and sex-role attitude. The degree of socialization in the domain of home management showed significant difference by housewife's education, husband's occupation, sex-role attitude and share of household work. 2) The socialization in the domain of food was influenced husband's education, income, housewife's education and sex-role attitude. The socialization in the domain of housing was influenced husband's education, income, housewife's occupation and sex-role attitude. The socialization in the domain of clothing was influenced husband's education, income. housewife's occupation and sex-role attitude. The socialization in the domain of family management was influenced husband's education, shave of household work. and sex-role attitude. The socialization in the domain of home management was influenced husband's education, shave of household work, and sex-role attitude.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제38호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2003

The purpose of this study Is to find out the design guideline for women's hospital focusing on the patient needs. The results of research are as follows: 1) As a basic frame of evaluation model, the quality of service of medical facilities and patients' reaction to the physical environment are fixed as a variable called' satisfaction degree'. This study analyzes the influence on space efficiency evaluation according to the difference of types through basic model (Model I-1,2) as verification model to identify the difference between satisfaction degree of outpatients and that of inpatients. 2) The difference of satisfaction degree about the hospital facilities by space evaluation matrix is according to the types of inpatients and to space importance. 3) The control of importance degree about the interior facilities of the hospital according to the specific character of the hospital is necessary. Maintenance of the status quo, or reduction, or expansion is needed according to the satisfaction degree corresponding to the importance degree. Finally, the model is used to for the planning & design for the future women's hospital.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2008

This study is to enforce to ready basic data of effective dental education program and no smoking and no drinking program for high school students who do smoking and drinking, executed investigation by own recording way using smoking and questionnaire consisted of actual conditions and caries prevention awareness and dental health knowledge degree of drinking to some man high school. Analyzes result that total 487 people respond in SPSS WIN 13.0 programs and got following sequence. Result of this study is as following. 1. Mans high school students had more students who do not than a drinking student and main current received most soju. Third-year student appeared by thing which receive a lot of soju than 1 or 2 class student but different other difference was not seen by class. 2. Mans high school students had more students who do not than a smoking student and a student who smoke more than 3 years was the most. I can know was old since third-year student smokes than 1 or 2 class student. 3. It was not difference that keep in mind by drinking, smoking availability although there were many students who recognize that all of the on-time dental medical examination, sugar intake limitation, fluorine inclusion toothpaste, teeth fluorine application are seldom effective on caries prevention. 4. Recognized that right brushing is effective relatively on caries prevention. I was shown difference that recognized that righter brushing is effective on bad tooth courtesy call than a student who a student who do not smoke does, and keeps in mind according to smoking availability ($x^2$=6.78, p<0.05). 5. I knew best about question of 'A caries may not treat if is painless' among that question ask knowledge for a caries, and appeared by thing which do not know best about question of 'Know that method that supply fluorine in water'. 6. A student who do not drink general dental know-how for a caries was high knowledge degree for a caries than a drunk student but it was no difference that keep in mind by drinking availability. Also, a student who do not smoke by smoking availability was high knowledge degree for a caries than a done student but difference that keep in mind statistically was not seen. 7. It was no difference that keep in mind by drinking availability, but a student who do not smoke by smoking availability was high relation knowledge degree with food and a caries than a smoked student, and I was shown difference that keep in mind according to smoking availability(t=-2.03, p<0.05). 8. Awareness and synthetic estimation degree of knowledge degree a student who do not smoke than a smoked student mouth knowledge degree high, and I was shown difference that keep in mind according to smoking availability(t=-2.03, p<0.05). When see as result such as singularity, family, school, all social institutions may have to help by national business coming and try so that can become national business based on special know-how for development of effective and epoch-making education program as quickly as possible.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.559-568
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the micro leakage of composite resin when various phosphoric acid agents were used to etch the enamel and dentin. In this study, class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of fourty extracted human molar teeth, and they were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 10 teeth. The cavities of each groups were etched with 10%, 32%, 35% and 37% phosphoric acids for 15 seconds, washed and dried and the cavities were restored with composite resin after application of the adhesive. The specimens were immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 3 days. And then, the specimens were sectioned buccoligually. Degree of dye penetration at tooth-restoration interfaces was examined by Inverted Metallurgical Microscope at the occlusal and gingival margins. The result were as follows : 1. The degree of microleakage at occlusal and gingival margin in all group was statistically difference among 10% and 35% (P<0.01), 10% and 37% (P<0.01), 32% and 35% (P<0.05) and 32% and 37% (P<0.05) acid concentrations, but was not statistically difference between 10% and 32%, 35% and 37% acid concentrations (P>0.05). The degree of microleakage was showed to dimish with increase of acid concentration. 2. The degree of microleakage at the occlusal margin was statistically significant difference among 10% and 32%,10% and 35%, 10% and 37% acid concentrations(P<0.05). The degree of microleakage among 32% and 35%, 32% and 37% and 32% and 37% acid concentrations was not statistically significant difference. 3. In comparison of microleakage at the gingival margin, the degree of microleakage above 32% acid concentration was not showed less than 10% acid concentration (P>0.05). In comparison of 32%, 35%, 37% acid concentrations, the degree of microleakage at 35% and 37% acid concentrations was showed less than 32% acid concentration(P<0.05).

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권3_4호
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• pp.483-490
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• 2004

By using the formerly established SERVQUAL Model, measurement methods and determinant variables in the other papers for the Service Quality, this study first focuses to find out the difference consumers' evaluation between before-experience and after-experience of the educational service, and second, to examine the difference consumers' evaluation between before-experience and after-experience of the educational service according to pre-recognition degree for the subjected educational service quality. The results are derived as follows. 1. As a consequence of the simulation, the consumers distinctly tend to recognize importance of human concern and visual aspect after experience of educational service. 2. Between the group with more pre-recognition degree and less pre-recognition degree for the subjected educational service quality, have no difference.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2014

This study is about safety education experience and practice of parents who are raising preschool children and the study results are as the following. For safety education experience state, parents had experience of safety education and mostly received it through communities, TV, Internet, etc. The most common educational content was the traffic safety education. For safety education practice degree according to number of children, safety education practice was mostly done well with 1~2 children. For safety education practice degree according to family type, safety education practice degree within the family was done most in nuclear families while healthy life habit safety education practice degree was done most in nuclear families and reconstituted families. Also, for traffic safety education practice degree, it was done well in nuclear families. For respiratory disease safety education practice degree, nuclear families and reconstituted families were the highest and for first aid safety education practice degree, single-parent families were the highest. For safety knowledge level of parents, safety knowledge of family was the highest, followed by safety knowledge of respiratory disease, and traffic. For safety education practice degree and safety knowledge according to safety education experience of parents, there was a significant difference in practice degree according to safety education experience of parents and there was also difference in practice knowledge according to experience. There was also education effect in healthy life habit safety knowledge and traffic safety knowledge.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the subjective degree of fatigue, the degree of fatigue depending on analysis of MMPI and SDNN in middle-aged women. Data were collected from 51 patients, registered at Oriental Medicine Hospital in J-city and K-city respectively. The instrument used in this study were the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue developed by Belza(1995) and revised by Jung & Kim(1999) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI) and Standard Deviation of Normal to Normal(SDNN). The collected data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 9.0 program using frequencies, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test. The degree of fatigue in middle-aged women: the average score 30.61 out of the total score 40. Subdivision of fatigue scores: common fatigue degree 7.71, distress due to fatigue 7.67, degree of daily activity fatigue 7.43, and fatigue frequency in the previous week 7.84. The degree of fatigue according to subjective recognition was shown significant difference(t=6.707, p=.000).: group of recognition (33.58), group of ignorance (23.47). The degree of fatigue according to MMPI was shown significant difference. : In the group of recognition, scales of Hs, D, Hy, Pt were higher. The degree of fatigue according to SDNN was shown significant difference (T=-4.062, P=.000). : group of recognition (33.47ms), group of ignorance (45.70ms). The total fatigue score and scales of Hs, D, Hy in MMPI was correlated positively (r=.576; r=.466; r=.518), and total fatigue score and SDNN was correlated negatively (r=-.576). Conclusively fatigue is one of difficult problems in middle-aged women. Therefore it is necessary to develope some nursing intervention for reducing fatigue in its early stages.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2001

The aim of this study is to describe degree of fatigue and factors related to fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The subjects of the study consist of one hundred fifty-eight outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis at three university hospitals in Taegu between July 10 and August 30, 1999. The instrument used in this study was the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue developed by Belza et al.(1995) and revised by Jung, Bok Hee. Kim, Myung Ae(1998). Analysis of data was done by using the descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Duncan with SPSS program. The major findings can be summarized as follows: 1. Degree of fatigue in patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis was shown the average 22.91 out of the total scores 40. Four subscales of fatigue scores are common fatigue degree 6.37, fatigue timing at the last week 5.92, distress due to fatigue 5.40 and degree of daily activity fatigue 5.22. Among the realms of daily activity fatigue, outdoor activity(6.00), sexual life(5.84), doing the household(5.66), shopping(5.61), other exercise except stroll(5.54) were shown the high degree of fatigue and cooking(4.97), a stroll(4.48), recreation(4.35) showed the low degree of fatigue. 2. There were no significant differences on the total degree of fatigue according to demographic variables. But there were some significant differences on the subscale fatigue scores according to demographic variables. Degree of daily activity fatigue according to sex was shown significant difference (t=-2.358, p=.020), and according to education level was shown significant difference(F=3.938, p=.005) and common fatigue degree according to age was shown significant difference(F=2.853, p=.026). Conclusively fatigue is one of difficult problems for patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore it is necessary to develop some nursing intervention for reducing fatigue of rheumatoid arthritis patients.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2004

Objectives: Obesity is a growing epidemic with subsequent health consequences leading not only to reduced quality of life but also to increased medical costs. Recently nutritional balances are emphasized in the field of obesity, and especially maintaining proper equilibriums of minerals. The correlation of minerals obtained from the method of HTMA(Hair Tissue Mineral Analysis) with obese degree has not been studied in Korea yet. We studied any significant difference of mineral concentrations and components according to the obese degree. Methods: 78 subjects were analyzed who visited Garosero clinic of oriental medicine to lose their weight from June to November 2004. We used BMI(Body Mass Index), PBF(Percent Body Fat), WHR(Waist-Hip Ratio) and abdominal circumference obtained by bio-electrical impedance analysis as an obese degree. And we analyzed correlation with mineral concentrations and ratios obtained from HTMA. Results & Conclusion: 1. Na, K, Zn, Se had significant correlation with obese degree in case of nutritional minerals from HTMA. Especially, K had high significance. 2. Toxic minerals from HTMA had no significance with obese degree. 3. Rb had significant correlation with obese degree in case of additional minerals from HTMA. 4. Among important ratios from HTMA, Na/K had significant correlation with obese degree, but Ca/K had correlation except PBF, and Na/Mg had correlation except WHR. 5. Among toxic ratios from HTMA, Se/Hg had significant correlation with obese degree, but S/Hg had correlation except BMI. 6. Na, K, Zn, Rb, Na/K, Ca/K had significant differences between obesity groups classfied by BMI. Ob II group had sinificant difference from NW group in cases of K, Zn, Rb, Na/K, and Ob II group had sinificant difference from OW group in case of Ca/K.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2006

The purpose of this study would like to analyze statically significant difference for low back-pain frequency of mother after development-disability children. Seven nursery children with disability conducted survey from 122 mothers cared children with disability. Survey data was obtained from April 14. 2006 to May 23. 2006. The results were as follows: According to walking-existence, assistance walking, and disability-degree, low back pain incidence frequency of mothers were statically significant difference, (p<0.05). Low back pain incidence frequency of walker-ability population was 51.4%, but low back pain incidence frequency of walker-disability population was 80.0%. then low back pain incidence frequency of mothers to walking-existence was differed amount. Disabled not statically significant difference to encephalopathy and disability-type1 and disability -type2 (p>0.05). children with disability-degree and assistance walking benchmarked low back pain disability-measure. Low back pain degree not relevancy statically significant. Physical load was statically significant difference between Oswestry's low back pain score and reach effect to child-cared(p<0.05). As development-children with disability of disable degree, Mother appeared to highly low back pain frequency rate and appeared to large reach effect child-cared owing to physical load of low back pain. So hereafter, location and person request to approach with more clinical and objectively. As approach result, it will help to stress solution of children with disability owing to develop to low back pain class and family capable strengthening program and so on.