• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1538-1544
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of kale (Brassica oleracea acephala) juice supplementation on serum lipid levels and phospholipid (PL) fatty acid compositions in hypercholesterolemic men. Thirty-two men with hypercholesterolemia (>200 mg/dl) were recruited among the faculty and staff at Y University after annual health examinations. The subjects consumed 150 ml of kale juice per day for a 12-week intervention period. Dietary and anthropometric assessments were performed before and after supplementation, respectively, to ensure that the subjects maintained their usual diet and lifestyle throughout the intervention. Serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to LDL-cholesterol were significantly increased (p<0.001) after intervention. Serum LDL-cholesterol concentration and atherogenic index were significantly reduced (p<0.001). Levels of 12:0, 14:0, $18:1{\omega}9$, $18:3{\omega}6$, and sum of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in serum pholspholipid (PL) were significantly increased, while $22:4{\omega}6$ level was significantly reduced (p<0.05). It can be speculated that kale juice, containing large amounts of antioxidant nutrients, contributes to changes of serum-PL-fatty acid compositions and the improvements of serum lipid profiles. This study demonstrates the supplementation of regular meals with kale juice may favorably affect serum lipid profiles and serum-PL fatty acid compositions and, hence, could lower the risks of coronary artery disease in men with hypercholesterolemia.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.91-91
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• 2003

시험은 대조구 0%와 남은 음식물에 Protein의 요구량 수준을 각각 높인 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 대조구에 녹차 부산물(GTB) 첨가구 1.0%, 남은 음식물 30% + 녹차 부산물 (GTB) 1.0%로 총 7처리 4반복으로 하였으며, 반복당 6수씩 개체별로 사양 실험을 실시하고, 산란율, 난중, 난각두께, 난황색, Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) 및 관능검사 등을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 산란율은 남은 음식물 10%, 20% 및 40% 첨가구에서 각각 82.65%, 81.54% 및 82.27%로 높게 나타났으나 남은 음식물 30%첨가구는 75.34%로 낮게 나타났으며 통계적 유의차를 보였다 (P<0.05). 대조구가 72.87%가 가장 낮게 나타났으며 (P<0.05), 주령별로는 주령이 증가할수록 산란율이 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 2. 난중은 전 처리구중 가장 높은 경향을 보인 것은 남은 음식물 30% + GTB 1%처리구가 63.78로 높은 경향을 보였다. 가장 낮은 난중은 남은 음식물 10%처리구가 60.02로 나타났다 (P<0.05). 3. 산란량은 전 처리구에서 남은 음식물 30% + GTB 1%가 52.53g으로 높게 나타났고, 가장 낮은 산란량을 보인 것은 대조구가 45.32g으로 가장 낮게 나타났으며 통계적 유의차를 보였다 (P<0.05). 4. 사료 요구율은 남은 음식물 20%첨가구가 2.86으로 높게 나타났으며, 낮은 요구율은 남은 음식물 10%첨가구가 2.47으로 낮게 나타났으며 통계적 유의차를 보였다 (P<0.05). 전 처리구간에서 사료 요구율은 주령이 증가할수록 요구율이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 5. 콜레스테롤은 대조구 + GTB 1.0%첨가구가 13.923으로 높게 나타났다. 가장 낮은 콜레스테롤은 남은 음식물 40%처리구가 12.003으로 낮게 나타났다. 남은 음식물을 첨가한 처리구가 난황 내 콜레스테롤 함량이 낮아지는 경향을 보였으나 남은 음식물 30%첨가구가 12.835로 높은 수치를 보였으며 통계적 유의차는 나타나지 않았다 (P>0.05). 6. TBA가 가장 높은 처리구간은 1주에는 남은 음식물 40%첨가구가 3.205로 높게 나타났으며 2주에는 남은 음식물30%첨가구가 3.275로 높게 나타났다. 마지막 주에는 3.947로 높게 나타났다. 이 결과로 볼 때 남은 음식물을 첨가한 처리구가 대체적으로 산패도가 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였으며 통계적 유의차는 나타나지 않았다 (P>0.05).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1203-1208
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• 2007

Feathers are produced in huge quantities as a waste product at commercial poultry processing plants. Since feathers are almost pure keratin protein, feather wastes represent an alternative to more expensive dietary ingredients for animal feedstuffs. Generally they become feather meal used as animal feed after undergoing physical and chemical treatments. These processes require significant energy and also cause environmental pollutions. Therefore, biodegradation of feather by microorganisms represents an alternative method to prevent environment contamination. The aim of this study was to investigate cultural conditions affecting keratinolytic protease production by Bacillus pumilus RS7. We also assessed the nutritive value of microbial and alkaline feather hydrolysates, The composition of optimal medium for the keratinolytic protease was fructose 0.05%, yeast extract 0.3%, NaCl 0.05%, K2HPO4 0.03%, KH2PO4 0.04% and MgCl2 6H2O 0.01%, respectively. The optimal temperature and initial pH was $30^{\circ}C$ and 9.0, respectively. The keratinolytic protease production under optimal condition reached a maximum after 18 h of cultivation. Total amino acid content of feather hydrolysates treated by NaOH and B. pumilius RS7 was $113.8\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $504.9\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Essential amino acid content of feather hydrolysates treated by NaOH and B. pumilius RS7 was $47.2\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $334.0\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. Thus, feather hydrolysates have the potential for utilization as an ingredient in animal feed.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.210-215
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• 2003

When fed on one of the six isonitrogenous (45%) and isolipic (8%) feed containing 5 or 10% Undaria, 2% wasabi leaf, 2% wasabi stem and 0.5% herb (Obosan) for a period of 8 weeks, 95-98% juvenile flounder survived. Growth, feed efficiency and condition factor of the flounder fed on diet containing 0.5% herb were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those fed on diet supplemented with 10% Undaria. There was no significant (p>0.05) differences in moisture, crude protein, lipid and ash of the flounder receiving the different diets. The flounder fed on diet supplemented with 10% Undaria had the highest moisture but the lowest lipid in liver. Hematological parameters such as red blood cell, hematocrit and hemoglobin and serum constituents such as glucose, total cholesterol and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase of the flounder fed on the diets varied but no specific trend became apparent. Lysozyme activity in the serum of the flounder fed on diet supplemented with 5% Undaria and the herb, as well as nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction of macrophage in the head kidney of the flounder fed on diet containing the herb and 2% wasabi stem were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those receiving control diet. Briefly, the herb supplementation promoted growth and that of Undaria and wasabi stem enhanced non-specific immune response.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.254-263
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• 2006

Background: Type 2 diabetes is occuring in epidemic proportions worldwide and aging has been defined as one of the risk factors for the progression to diabetes. High carbohydrates intake increases blood sugar level and obesity in type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between carbohydrate intake and obesity in type 2 diabetes. Methods: The study subjects were 72 patients (male 27, female 45), who had been diagnosed as type 2 diabetes at Seoul National University of Bundang Hospital. Their anthropometric(height, weight, waist and hip circumference), biochemical(fasting blood sugar, postprandial -2hour blood sugar, HbA1C, C-peptide, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol) and body composition were measured. Dietary data were collected by trained interviewers using three non-consecutive food records. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 55.86$\pm$9.30 years, and the mean duration of disease was 1.9$\pm$1.72 years. The mean fasting blood sugar, postprandial-2hour blood sugar and HbA1C of the subjects were 151.91$\pm$34.65mg/dl, 235.23$\pm$70.74mg/dl and 7.45$\pm$1.13%, respectively. There was significant positive correlation of the percent body fat and hip to carbohydrate intake/kg of body weight in obese males (p<0.05). However, the correlation of biochemical factors to carbohydrate intake was not significantly different in obese and non-obese male. The correlation of anthropometry to carbohydrate intake/kg of body weight was not significantly different in obese and non-obese females (p<0.05), and other nutrients. We found significant association between carbohydrate intake and obesity in obese males among type 2 diabetes. The females in type 2 diabetes were affected by several factors rather than energy nutrient intake. Conclusion: In conclusion, the correlation of carbohydrate intake with obesity factor was different in males and females. Therefore, diabetic educators should individualize diabetes nutrition therapy considering the gender.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.525-534
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• 2019

Objectives: Reduced glucose utilization in the main parts of the brain involved in memory is a major cause of Alzheimer's disease, in which ketone bodies are used as the only and effective alternative energy source of glucose. This study examined the effects of a low-carbohydrate and high-fat (LCHF) diet supplemented with a ketogenic nutrition drink on cognitive function and physical activity in the elderly at high risk for dementia. Methods: The participants of this study were 28 healthy elderly aged 60-91 years showing a high risk factor of dementia or whose Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) score was less than 24 points. Over 3 weeks, the case group was given an LCHF diet with nutrition drinks consisting of a ketone/non-ketone ratio of 1.73:1, whereas the control group consumed well-balanced nutrition drinks while maintaining a normal diet. After 3 weeks, K-MMSE, body composition, urine ketone bodies, and physical ability were all evaluated. Results: Urine ketone bodies of all case group subjects were positive, and K-MMSE score was significantly elevated in the case group only (p=0.021). Weight and BMI were elevated in the control group only (p<0.05). Grip strength was elevated in all subjects (p<0.01), and measurements of gait speed and one leg balance were improved only in the case group (p<0.05). Conclusions: We suggest that adherence to the LCHF diet supplemented with a ketogenic drink could possibly influence cognitive and physical function in the elderly with a high risk factor for dementia. Further, we confirmed the applicability of this dietary intervention in the elderly based on its lack of any side effects or changes in nutritional status.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1259-1266
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• 1998

To clarify the values and varieties of the buckwheats as a dietary source of nutritional and functional components, thirteen different samples of buckwheat were analyzed for this investigation. Six developed seeds were given by RDA, Korea or RDA branch of Kangwondo, and seven land race seeds were collected from a farmhouse. Amino acid analysis showed that glutamate, arginine and asparagine were major amino acids, whereas tryptophan, methionine and cysteine were minor ones of buckwheat. In addition, tryptophan content of buckwheat cultivars from Korea was 195 mg% on average. The content of rutin tended to be higher in developed cultivars than land races. On the other hand, the contents of phytic acid in buckwheats were in the range of 7.0 to 13.6 mg/g. In the tocopherol homologues of the buckwheats analyzed by HPLC, mean ${\gamma}-tocopherol$ contents were 6.16 mg/100 g with the actual range of $4.67{\sim}8.58\;mg/100g$, whereas ${\beta}-form$ was very low or zero. There were a big variations in the iron content of the buckwheats of the minerals. SDS-PAGE showed that total proteins from buckwheats exhibited a relatively similar electrophoretic patterns on the whole. The results show that CV Suwon 1 has good quality, judged from the distribution of the components of buckwheats analyzed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.323-333
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to measure and compare nutrient intake, anthropometric measurements and serum indices by percent body fat as one of the index of obesity degree in female college students. Additionally we attempted to investigate percentile distribution of fat free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI) for developing reference values for these two parameters. The subjects were 91 female college students who were classified to 4 groups according to the percentile of percent body fat (Group1: 25 th < percentile of percent body fat, Group 2 : 25 th ${\le}$ percentile of percent body fat < 50 th, Group 3 : 50 th ${\le}$ percentile of percent body fat < 75 th, Group 4 : percentile of percent body fat ${\ge}$ 75 th). The mean percent body fat and body mass index were 28.2%, $20.5 kg/m^2$ respectively. The mean energy intake was 1707 kcal(81% of KDRIs) and vitamin C, folate, Ca and Zn intake were 73.9%, 54.7%, 79.6%, 97.5% of KDRIs respectively. Most nutrient intake (energy, carbohydrate, cholesterol, fatty acid, Ca, Fe) of G4 was lower than that of G1, G2 and G3. Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in G4 than G1, G2, G3 and it tended to increase as percent body fat decreased. LDL/HDL, A1 of G4 were significantly the highest among the 4 groups and increased as percent body fat increased. The mean fat free mass index and fat mass index were $14.5 kg/m^2$, $6.0 kg/m^2$ respectively. The criteria of sarcopenic obesity which has been defined as under 25 th percentile of FFMI and below 75 th percentile of FMI were shown $12.8 kg/m^2$, $8.2 kg/m^2$ respectively in this study. In conclusion, we should continue to more systematically research on the studies of new obesity measurement which includes FFMI and FMI as one of the variables. And the public education for weight control that emphasizes both the understanding of body composition and the importance of nutrition balance is also required.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1195-1204
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• 2015

Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota underpin the development of health and longevity. However, our understanding of what influences the composition of this community of the longevous has not been adequately described. Therefore, illumina sequencing analysis was performed on the gut microbiota of centenarians (aged 100-108 years; RC) and younger elderlies (aged 85-99 years; RE) living in Bama County, Guangxi, China and the elderlies (aged 80-92 years; CE) living in Nanning City, Guangxi, China. In addition, their diet was monitored using a semiquantitative dietary questionary (FFQ 23). The results revealed the abundance of Roseburia and Escherichia was significantly greater, whereas that of Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, Coprococcus, Megamonas, Mitsuokella, Sutterella, and Akkermansia was significantly less in centenarians at the genus level. Both clustering analysis and UniFraq distance analysis showed structural segregation with age and diet among the three populations. Using partial least square discriminate analysis and redundancy analysis, we identified 33 and 34 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) as key OTUs that were significantly associated with age and diet, respectively. Age-related OTUs were characterized as Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Lachnospiraceae, and the former two were increased in the centenarians; diet-related OTUs were classified as Bacteroidales, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae. The former two were deceased, whereas the later one was increased, in the high-fiber diet. The age and high-fiber diet were concomitant with changes in the gut microbiota of centenarians, suggesting that age and high-fiber diet can establish a new structurally balanced architecture of gut microbiota that may benefit the health of centenarians.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

This study was carried out to estimate the effects of loess ($0\%$, $1.5\%$, $3\%$ and $5\%$) on the growth performance, meat quality, and blood composition of broiler chicks. A total of 320 broiler chicks at 1 day of age were divided into 4 groups to feed basal diet (control) and basal diet plus $1.5\%$ to $5.0\%$ loess respectively for 6 weeks. The body weight gain and feed conversion rate were not significantly different among the groups. The contents of moisture and crude fat of meats were significantly different in treatments when compared to that of the control group (P<0.05), but did not show any differences among the groups. The pH values of meats were not different among the treatments. However, water holding capacity was higher in all treated groups than the control. The L of meat color was also increased in all treated groups, but a and b of meat color were not different among the groups. In addition, the contents of unsaturated fatty acid content of meat were higher in the treated groups than the control. The concentrations of HDL cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly lower in all treated groups than the control (P<0.05). Finally, the contents of moisture of excreta were significantly lower in all treated groups than control (P<0.05). Taken together, it was concluded that loess did not improved the growth performance, but had effects on the improvement of meat quality.