• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1990

To investigate effects of ethanol and dietary fat on growth and bichemical indices of liver tissue and blood in rats 40 male rats of Sprague-Dawley wtrain weighing about 160g were divided into 5 groups (low-fat diet group ethanol-administered low-fat diet group high-fat diet group ethanol-administered high-fat diet group and commercial diet group) and fed expe-rimental diets for 8 weeks. Ethanol-administered groups consumed ethanol corresponding to 22 cal% which was considered as moderate drinking. Neither the ethanol intake nor the dietary fat level affected calorie intake. Nonetheless the low-fat diet group with ethanol had the lowest growth rate and 2-fold increase in the concentration of plasma triglyceride. There was no effect of ethanol and dietary fat level on contents of protein lipid and lipid composition of liver tissue. The level of lipid peroxide of liver tissue tended to be increased by ethanol intake but the increase was statistically insignificatnt. The low-fat ethanol group had lowered hepatic mitochondrial respiration rate and deformed structure of mitochondria of hepatocytes.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.136-145
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• 1981

This study was designed to observe the effects of both control and atherogenic diets on the cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) in serum and liver of adult rats fed diets supplying two levels of dietary fat and two different sources of dietary protein in early life. For the first experimental period, the rats were assigned into the four diet groups: High fat, casein (HC); High fat, gluten (HG); Low fat, casein (LC): Low fat, gluten (LG). Each group was subdivided into control and atherogenic groups for the second experimental period. Cholesterol and TG were determined in serum and liver after 7 hr fasting. The body weight gain was greater in the rats of the casein groups than those of the gluten groups tut not influenced by the level of the dietary fat. The difference in body weight from the quality of dietary protein in the first period was not disappeared even after the second period. After the first period, higher serum cholesterol was observed in the rats fed either casein or high fat diets. With the second experimental diet, rats fed atherogenic diet showed higher serum cholesterol concentration but lower serum TG levels compared to those fed control diet, regardless the diets fed in the first period. Serum cholesterol level of the rats of both groups which had been fed high fat diets in early life was increased compared to those of the low fat diet groups. This effect was more pronounced with the atherogenic diet groups than control groups. However, no differences were found in serum cholesterol levels resulted from the different types of dietary protein fed in the first period. Serum TG concentration was not influenced by the quality of protein and level of fat in the diet but seemed to be mere affected by the amount of carbohyrates in the diet. Liver cholesterol per unit weight was greater in the gluten diet groups than in the casein groups but total cholesterol was higher in casein fed rats. There were no differences in liver TG among the groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.224-232
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• 1986

This study was performed to investigate the effects of different kinds of dietary protein [plant protein ; Isolated Soy Protein(ISP), animal protein ; casein] on protein and lipid metabolism in rats fed with coffee and/or methionine in diet during four weeks of growing period after weanling. Forty male growing rats fo Sprague-Dawley strain, weighing 92.5$\pm$1.8g, were distributed into 8 groups by randomized complete block design, and fed diets containing 15% of protein by weight either as ISP or casein and 10% ofcalories as corn oil, supplemented with coffee and /or methionine for 4 weeks. Coffee were added at a concentration of 1.4% of diet as instant coffee, and methionine were added to ISP or casein diet to be 0.6% of diet as DL-methionine. Results were followed ; Body weight gain, F.E. R and P.E.R tanded to be higher in methionine added groups than non-methionine groups. The nitrogen content of feces was significantly higher in coffee groups than non-coffee groups, and tended to be higher in ISP groups than casein groups. but was not significantly different with or without methionine. thus, apparent protein digestilbity was significantly lower in coffee groups than non-coffee groups and was significantly lower in ISP groups than cesein groups, but was not significantly different with or without methionine. Total cholesterol content of serum tended to be higher in coffee groups than non-coffee groups, and tended to be lower in methionine groups than non-methionine groups.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.700-711
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• 2017

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the impact of high-fat diets composed of different animal and vegetable fat sources on serum metabolic health markers in Japanese quail, as well as the overall lipid content and fatty acid profiles of the edible bird tissues following significantly increased dietary lipid supplementation. Methods: Fifty seven male quail were divided into six groups and fed either a standard diet or a diet enriched with one of five different fats (22% coconut oil, lard, palm oil, soybean oil, or sunflower oil) for 12 weeks. The birds were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test following the feeding period, after which they were euthanized and blood, liver, breast, and thigh muscle samples collected. Total fat content and fatty acid profiles of the tissue samples, as well as serum uric acid, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, aspartate transaminase, and total bilirubin concentrations were assessed. Results: High-fat diet feeding had no significant effects on the glucose tolerance of the birds. Dietary fatty acid profiles of the added fats were reflected in the lipid profiles of both the liver and breast and thigh muscle tissues, indicating successful transfer of dietary fatty acids to the edible bird tissues. The significantly increased level of lipid inclusion in the diets of the quail used in the present study was unsuccessful in increasing the overall lipid content of the edible bird tissues. Serum metabolic health markers in birds on the high-fat diets were not significantly different from those observed in birds on the standard diet. Conclusion: Thus, despite the various high-fat diets modifying the fatty acid profile of the birds' tissues, unlike in most mammals, the birds maintained a normal health status following consumption of the various high-fat diets.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권5호
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• pp.895-911
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• 2023

Processed meat products play a vital role in our daily dietary intake due to their rich protein content and the inherent convenience they offer. However, they often contain synthetic additives and ingredients that may pose health risks when taken excessively. This review explores strategies to improve meat product quality, focusing on three key approaches: substituting synthetic additives, reducing the ingredients potentially harmful when overconsumed like salt and animal fat, and boosting nutritional value. To replace synthetic additives, natural sources like celery and beet powders, as well as atmospheric cold plasma treatment, have been considered. However, for phosphates, the use of organic alternatives is limited due to the low phosphate content in natural substances. Thus, dietary fiber has been used to replicate phosphate functions by enhancing water retention and emulsion stability in meat products. Reducing the excessive salt and animal fat has garnered attention. Plant polysaccharides interact with water, fat, and proteins, improving gel formation and water retention, and enabling the development of low-salt and low-fat products. Replacing saturated fats with vegetable oils is also an option, but it requires techniques like Pickering emulsion or encapsulation to maintain product quality. These strategies aim to reduce or replace synthetic additives and ingredients that can potentially harm health. Dietary fiber offers numerous health benefits, including gut health improvement, calorie reduction, and blood glucose and lipid level regulation. Natural plant extracts not only enhance oxidative stability but also reduce potential carcinogens as antioxidants. Controlling protein and lipid bioavailability is also considered, especially for specific consumer groups like infants, the elderly, and individuals engaged in physical training with dietary management. Future research should explore the full potential of dietary fiber, encompassing synthetic additive substitution, salt and animal fat reduction, and nutritional enhancement. Additionally, optimal sources and dosages of polysaccharides should be determined, considering their distinct properties in interactions with water, proteins, and fats. This holistic approach holds promise for improving meat product quality with minimal processing.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2013

I hypothesized that the manipulation of dietary nutrient contents including phosphorous could affect compensatory growth of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Thirty fish averaging 34.8 g per tank were randomly chosen and distributed into 15 flow-through 180-L tanks. Three experimental diets were prepared: the control (C) diet, high protein and lipid (HPL) diet, and HPL diet with supplementation of calcium phosphate-monobasic (HPLP). Five treatments were prepared in triplicate: fish were hand-fed daily with the C diet twice a day for 8 weeks (C-8W); fish were starved for 1 week, and then fed with the HPL or HPLP diets twice a day for 7 weeks, and referred to as HPL-7W and HPLP-7W, respectively; and fish were starved for 2 weeks, and then fed with the HPL or HPLP diets twice a day for 6 weeks, and referred to as HPL-6W and HPLP-6W, respectively. The body weight of fish with C-8W, HPL-7W and HPLP-7W treatments was higher than fish with HPL-6W and HPLP-6W treatments on week 2, 4 and 6 after an initiation of the trial. At the end of the 8-week trial, fish with HPLP-7W and HPL-7W treatments overcompensated, as compared to fish with C-8W treatment. Full compensation was not achieved in fish subjected to the 2-week feed deprivation (HPL-6W and HPLP-6W treatments). Overall feed intake by fish was proportional to weeks of feeding. Feed conversion ratio of fish with HPLP-7W, HPL-6W and HPLP-6W treatments was higher than fish with C-8W treatment. The study showed that dietary supplementation of protein and lipid resulted in overcompensation of juvenile olive flounder subjected to a 1-week feed deprivation, but not a 2-week feed deprivation. Additionally, dietary supplementation of phosphorous did not further improve compensatory growth of fish.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.127-131
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• 1993

단백식이조건을 달리하여 성장시킨 동물에 $CCl_4$를 투여하였을 때 혈청중 lipoprotein 분획비의 변동 및 이의 원인을 검토할 목적으로 흰쥐를 저단백식이(7% casein : LP) 및 고단백식이 (20% casein : HP)로 성장시킨 후, 50% $CCl_4$(v/v in olive oil)를 복강내 주사한 다음 간 중량 및 혈청 ALT 활성도 측정으로 간손상을 확인함과 동시에, 혈청지질과 혈청 lipoprotein 분획비를 측정하였다. $CCl_4$투여시 체중 당 간무게 및 혈청중 ALT의 활성도는 대조군에 비해 증가하였으며 그 증가율은 HP군이 LP군보다 더 높게 나타났다. 혈청중 총지질, 총 cholesterol 및 triglyceride의 함량은 대조군간에 별다른 차이를 관찰할 수 없었으나, $CCl_4$투여로 인해 이들 지질은 대조군에 비해 감소하였으며, 그 감소율은 HP군이 LP군보다 높게 나타났다. $CCl_4$투여로 인한 lipoprotein분획비의 변동은 대조군에 비하여 양군 공히 pre $\beta$-lipoprotein비율 및 $\alpha$-lipoprotein 비율은 감소되었고, 그 감소율은 HP군이 LP군에 비해 더 크게 나타났다. 한편 $\beta$-lipoprotein비율은 $CCl_4$투여로 인하여 두군 공히 증가하였으며 그 증가율은 HP군에서 높게 나타났다. 이상의 실험결과와 문헌상의 지견을 종합해 볼때 $CCl_4$투여시 LP군에 비하여 HP군에서 간손상이 보다 더 심하게 나타나며, 이로 인하여 apoprotein의 합성억제현상이 초래됨으로써 혈청중 lipoprotein분획비의 변동이 높게 나타날 것으로 생각된다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.455-459
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• 2014

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimum dietary protein requirement of young far eastern catfish Silurus asotus. Five isocaloric diets were formulated to contain graded levels of protein (35, 40, 45, 50, and 55%). Triplicate groups of fish (initial body weight of 44 g) were hand-fed to apparent satiation for 9-weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed 55% protein diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed 35 and 40% protein diets, but not significantly different from those of fish fed 45 and 50% protein diets. The feed efficiency of fish fed 50 and 55% protein diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed 35, 40 and 45% protein diets. The protein efficiency ratio of fish fed 40% protein diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed 45, 50 and 55% protein diets, but not significantly different from that of fish fed 35% protein diet. The dietary protein level significantly affected whole body lipid and moisture contents. The results of this study suggest that the 45% protein in the diet is optimal for maximum growth of young far eastern catfish weighing in the range of 44 to 227 g.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.167-176
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• 1980

This study was conducted to compare effects of various types of dietary carboh ydrates fed with different levels of protein on the protein utilization in weanling rats. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $60{\pm}1.3grams$ were adapted for 1 week with 77% starch-15% casein diet. Then the animals divided into 12 groups according to body weight and fed each experimental diet for two weeks. Carbodydrates used were glucose, starch, and sucrose and the amount of protein given were 0g, 1g, 3g, 5g casein/day. Protein portion of the diet was fed in two seperate feedings per day while nonprotein portion was fed ad libitum. It seemed that there was no significant difference in the protein utilization by using the different kinds of carbohydrate, but in P.E.R., N.P.U., weights of organs and protein and lipid in total carcass, glucose groups were tended to be slightly lower than starch and sucrose groups. The larger the amount of casein given, the higher were the value of body weight gain, F.E.R., weights of organs, total lipid in carcass and the amount of nitrogen retention. On the while, the larger the amount of casein given, the lower were the value of the intake of non-protein portion, P.E.R., N.P.U, and the percentage of nitrogen retention.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.759-769
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• 2009

This study investigated the effects of the nutrition education and exercise program on body composition, dietary intakes and physical fitness in obese women. The subjects were 44 obese women (BMI${\geq}$ 25 kg/$m^2$) who had been participating in nutrition education (1 time/week) and exercise program (3 time/week) for 12 weeks. Nutrition education was focused on low energy, high protein and low carbohydrate diet to reduce the body weight and improve the diet quality. To evaluate the effectiveness of the program, daily nutrient intakes were assessed by 24-hour recall method. Body composition, blood lipid profiles and physical fitness test were assessed before and after the intervention. After the intervention, body weight, BMI, percent body fat, soft lean mass and waist/hip ratio were significantly decreased (p < 0.001). Fasting blood sucrose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and atherogenic index (AI) were significantly decreased (p < 0.001), while HDLcholesterol was significantly increased (p < 0.001). Energy adjusted protein, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C, vitamin E, niacin and folate were significantly increased. After the intervention, the muscle endurance, muscle strength, agility, balance were significantly increased. The changes in obesity indices (body weight, BMI, percent body fat, waist-hip ratio) were correlated with the changes of the nutrient intakes, serum lipid profiles, physical fitness. These results show that nutrition education and exercise program was effective not only for weight reduction but also for the improvement of physical strength and cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese women.