• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.530-540
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• 2000

Weight reducing methods were surveyed by questionnares in March through May, 1998 with 641 women living in Inchon to provide the information for the education of proper weight control. Methods that they have used for weight-reduction were exercise (33.1%), diet therapy(29.6%), sauna(7.3%), ingestion of special food(4.8%), administration of drugs(4.0%) and herb-medicines. The respondents considered exercise(38.4%) and diet therapy(31.5%) as the most effective methods in reducing weight and the response was different with ages at p<0.01. They have practiced the diet therapy by reducing the amount of food(27.7%), skipping one or two meals a day (20.8%), avoiding high calorie snacks(8.8%) and regulating food items in a meal(3.8%). Exercises which they have done were walking(48.0%), aerobics(2.3%), swimming(23%) and using the health instruments(6.7%). Their choices in kinds of exercises were significantly dependent upon ages, marriage and their occupation(P<0.01). Acupuncture(38.0%) was the most frequently used oriental medicine therapy and original drugs(32.2% ) and moxibustion(22.0%) were also used. The women have taken drugs was 9.5%. Among them cream-typed cosmetics(41%), weight reducing drugs(30%), diuretics(18% ), and smoking(7%) were used. Fifty respondents out of 641 had expericences to have special food therapy such as grape, apples and vinegar(42%) and enzymes(18%) for some period of time.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.227-232
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• 2013

Phytate is not only an unavailable source of phosphorus (P) for broilers but it also acts as an anti-nutrient, reducing protein and mineral absorption, increasing endogenous losses and reducing broiler performance. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-nutritional effects of phytate by including high levels of phytase in diets not severely limited in available P. A total of 768 male Arbor Acres broilers were distributed in six treatments of eight replicate pens of 16 birds each consisting of a positive control diet (PC), positive control with 500 FTU/kg phytase, negative control (NC) diet with lower available P and calcium (Ca) levels and the same NC diet with 500, 1,000 or 1,500 FTU/kg phytase. Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and mortality were determined at 21 and 35 d of age while foot ash was determined in four birds per pen at 21 d of age. FI, FCR and foot ash where not affected by the lower mineral diets at 21 d of age nor by the enzyme inclusion but broilers fed lower Ca and available P diets had lower BWG. At 35 d of age no difference was observed between broilers fed the positive or NC diets but broilers fed 500, 1,000 and 1,500 FTU/kg on top of the NC diet had better FCR than broilers fed the positive control diet. When compared to birds fed a diet adequate in P, birds fed the same diet included with 500, 1,000 and 1,500 FTU/kg of phytase in marginally deficient available P and Ca diets had an improvement of performance. These results support the concept that hydrolysing phytate and reducing the anti-nutritional effects of phytate improves bird performance on marginally deficient diets that were not covering the P requirement of birds.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.70-76
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• 2006

Anti-obesity effect of biocellulose and diet formulation containing it was evaluated using obese rats. Thirty male Sprague-Dawlely (SD) rats were randomly assigned to high-fat diet group (CON), high-fat diet group containing 5% biocellulose (BIO), and high-fat diet group containing 5% dietary formulation (DF). After 10 weeks, body weight gains of BIO and DF groups were reduced by 15.1 and 6%, respectively, as compared with CON group. Epididymus, parirenal, and visceral fat pads of BIO and DF groups were lower than those of CON group. Weight of interscapular brown adipose tissues increased slightly in BIO group and significantly in DF group. Size of adipocyte in rats decreased in BIO and DF groups. Results indicate biocellulose-containing diet has anti-obesity effect by reducing body weight gain and white adipocytes depots in rats fed high-fat diet.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.203-216
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• 1999

Recent public concern about air pollution caused by swine production facilities has forced to develop the methods to reduce and control the swine odors. Swine odors were affected the life of pig farm neighborhoods, swine productivity, pig health, diseases, and human right, safety, sanity as negatively. The first approaches of control of swine odors are the change or improve of the classical management systems, which are manure treatment method, manure storage facility, phase feeding, sex-divided feeding, feeder type, liquid-slurry feeding, environment control of swine building and dust control of indoor swine facility. The methods to control odor emission from manure have to include the diet modification as nutritional basis. In recent, research emphasis has focused on manipulating the swine diet to increase the nutrient utilization of the diet to reduce excretion products and reduction of odors. There are lots of feed additives and pit additives introduced as practical basis for reducing odor emissions. The ozone treatment method is candidate as the good system for reducing swine odor. But this system is still too expensive to practice in present.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.526-536
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the anti-obesity effect of Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus After inducing obesity by feeding hight fat diet (diet induced obesity model: DIO) for four weeks, each 8 rats were assigned to normal (Nor), high fat diet (HF), high fat diet containing orlistat (PC), high fat diet containing different concentration of Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus (UPDM_L, UPDM_H) and Discorea Japonica Thunb. (UPD) extract. Although the UPD, UPDM_L (ultrafine pulverized Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus: 400 mg/kg) and UPDM_H (DIO oral administration ultrafine pulverized Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus: 800 mg/kg) showed weight gain inhibition effects, the results of poor obesity inhibition rather than PC were confirmed. However, it showed a more effective weight loss effect in UPDM_H than UPD, and significantly reduced the weight of epididymal fat and subcutaneous fat. Furthermore, the possibility of anti-obesity effects of Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus can be confirmed by observing the effects of reducing serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL concentrations, reducing ALT and AST levels, and inhibiting fat build-up in liver tissue. It is believed that Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus can be expected to utilize as a functional material that is important to improve anti-obesity and metabolic syndrome.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.251-260
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• 2024

Sucrose is a common disaccharide sugar that is used in pig diet mainly as an energy source as well as to improve the palatability of diet. This study investigated the effects of dietary sucrose supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal score, and serum cortisol of growing pigs. A total of 96 growing pigs were randomly allocated into three treatment groups (8 repetitions per treatment, 4 pigs per pen). Dietary treatments included: control (CON), basal diets; treatment 1 (TRT1), basal diet with 0.75% sucrose; and treatment 2 (TRT2), basal diet with 1% sucrose. Dietary sucrose supplementation tended to improve (p < 0.10) the average daily gain compared to CON group. Moreover, increased (p < 0.05) feed intake was found in the sucrose supplemented group compared to the CON group. In comparison to the CON diet the nutrient digestibility of energy tended to increase (p < 0.10) by sucrose supplemented diet. Fecal score was not altered through dietary sucrose supplementation. Decreased (p < 0.05) serum cortisol was found in both the 0.75% sucrose and 1% sucrose supplemented diet than the CON diet. In conclusion, sucrose can be a suitable feed ingredient for growing pigs as it can improve the palatability of diet as well as feed intake, energy digestibility and reduce stress through reducing serum cortisol.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2000

Obesity is a global pandemic that is increasing throughout most of the world. Increases in obesity are not restricted to highly industrialized countries, but have been observed in newly developed and developing countries as well. Obesity is associated with increased risk for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and some types of cancer. Tragically, eliminating food shortages in developing countries may result in substituting heart disease, diabetes, and cancer for malnutrition. There are many approaches to reducing obesity, including dietary modification, surgical interventions, and drug therapies. However, only dietary modification has the potential to be effective on a global scale. Public health measures in the United States have sought to reduce obesity by reducing the intake of dietary fat. While these efforts have succeeded in reducing dietary fat, obesity has continued to increase, suggesting that moderate fat reduction may not be effective. Other proposed diets include low-carbohydrate diets, low glycemic index diets, and very low fat diets. While all of these diets may be effective for some people, they are not satisfactory for public health policy. In fact, the ratio of fat to carbohydrate may not be as important as previously believed. Humans may be well suited to adapt to diets as varied as a high carbohydrate tropical diet consisting mostly of fruits to the high fat Eskimo diet consisting largely of animal foods. Either extreme may be healthful if providing adequate, but not excessive, energy and adequate amounts of micronutrients. Public health measures may need to focuss on reducing the overconsumption of inexpensive and convenient foods.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 2001

The effects of dietary protein and lysine levels on lactating multiparous sows and litter performance were studied. Sixty-two crossbred multiparous sows ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$) were used. Thirty-three and twenty-nine sows were studied in their second parity and third parity respectively. The three dietary treatments were: (1) the control diet containing 15% CP and 0.75% lysine, (2) a diet containing 13% CP and 0.75% lysine (0.60% natural+0.15% synthetic), and (3) a diet containing 13% CP and 0.60% lysine. They were fed twice daily and allowed ad libitum access to food and water throughout a 28 day lactation from parturition until weaning. The results of this experiment showed that body weight and backfat losses of the sows from farrowing to weaning were significantly affected (p<0.01) by reducing dietary protein. Neither average daily feed intake nor weaning to estrus interval of sows were significantly different among treatments. Supplementing lower dietary protein with synthetic lysine could mitigate backfat losses, but could not prevent body weight losses in lactating multiparous sows. A corn-soybean meal diet containing 13% crude protein and 0.60% lysine did not significantly affect litter size and survival rate of weanling piglets compared with the 15% crude protein diet. There was a tendency towards decreased piglet weight at weaning (p<0.10) and reduced daily gain of piglets (p<0.11) when the multiparous sows were fed the 13% protein diet during lactation. We found a severe loss of body weight and backfat when reducing dietary protein for lactating multiparous sows.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.83-87
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• 2004

To investigate the effects of dietary phytate reduction and zinc supplementation on biochemical iron parameters in elderly Korean women consuming inadequate iron, fifteen healthy women aged 64-75 years were recruited for a feeding study. A high-phytate diet (27.8 phytate:zinc molar ratio) was provided for 9 days, followed by a nine-day low-phytate diet(12.3) and a subsequent 28-day period of unregulated meals with zinc supplementation (22 mg/d as zinc gluconate). Serum iron increased significantly with the low-phytate diet (130.4 $\mu g$/L) but returned to the level observed during the high-phytate diet (113.0 $\mu g$ /L) period when subjects were taking zinc supplements (105.8 $\mu g$ /L). However, serum ferritin in the subjects decreased significantly with the low-phytate diet (73.8 $\mu g$ /L) as well as with zinc supplementation (57.2 $\mu g$ /L), compared to levels following consumption of the high-phytate diet (89.6 $\mu g$ /L). Transferrin receptor and transferrin saturation were unchanged with the treatments. In summary, zinc supplementation might result in deteriorated iron status in elderly Korean women who consume inadequate iron, while there was no significant effect from reducing dietary phytate.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.121-131
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• 2005

During last few decades dietary guidelines for the weight management mainly have focused on a low-fat, high carbohydrate diet. Carbohydrate was supposed to be low-dense, highly satiating as well as it affects little on the lipogenesis. Although low-fat diet has significant weight-reducing effect, the loss was modest and usually regained after cessation of the diet. Furthermore, low-fat, modest-carbohydrate diet did not impact on the ever increasing rates of overweight and obesity. Alternative approaches include low-carbohydrate diet, high-carbohydrate diet and low-glycemic index diet. Although none of above mentioned diet have sufficient evidence for standard weight management diet, short-term efficacy and safety are being approved continuously. Low-carbohydrate diet contains less than 45% of carbohydrate in daily energy consumption, it is claimed to have more satiating effect and to improve metabolism. However, low compliance due to the limitation of food choice should be considered on prescribing the diet. High-carbohydrate which contains 90% of carbohydrate in total daily energy consumption, is effective in providing satiety and lowering total calorie intake and cholesterol. On the other hand, nutritional unbalance should be took into account. Low-glycemic index diet is based on the theory that contemporary diet contains significantly less fiber and unrefined carbohydrate, therefore insulin secretion is disturbed. Because low glycemic index food slowly increase blood glucose and insulin level, it induces much satiating effect and may decrease calorie ultimate intake. However, poor standardization of glycemic index is one of the main obstacle for the diet to be applied in the clinic. Meanwhile, high fructose food and beverage should be discouraged because it has little satiating effect and may cause insulin resistance. High fiber food is another recommendation for healthy, lean diet.