• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2005

The study analyzed the lipid patterns and fatty acid compositions of serum and liver tissues in groups of Sparague-Dawley rats. Some of the groups were fed with an basal diet, which contained com oil (C), grape seed oil (GSO), or perilla oil (P), and the others were fed with a high fat diet, which had cholesterol (1%) and lard (10%) mixed with corn oil (CHF), grape seed oil (GSHF), or perilla oil (PHF). The amount of dietary intake was higher for the basal diet groups than the high fat diet groups. And diet efficiency was significantly low in the group of rats fed with the basal diet mixed with perilla oil. From the analysis of the serum lipid patterns, a significant decrease in total lipid concentration was observed in the group of rats fed on the basal diet mixed with perilla oil and the high fat diet group. The levels of triglyceride and phospholipid were significantly low in the basal diet group when perilla oil or grape seed oil was involved. The ordinary diet groups showed significantly higher in HDL-C than the high fat diet groups. There was no significant difference among the basal diet groups, whether the diet was mixed with grape seed oil, perilla oil, or com oil. However, a significant increase in HDL-C was observed in the group of rats fed with the high fat diet containing perilla oil. For LDL-C, there was a significant difference between the high fat diet groups and the basal diet groups. LDL-C was especially low in the group of rats fed with the high fat diet to which perilla oil was added, and the grape seed-added high fat diet group showed a decreasing tendency in LDL-C. The content of total fat, total cholesterol, and triglyceride was the lowest in the group of rats fed with the perilla oil-containing basal diet, and this group was followed in order by the grape seed oil-containing diet group and com oil-containing diet group. In the analysis of the fatty-acid composition in liver tissue, the high fat diet groups showed an increase in saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, but a decrease in mono unsaturated fatty acids when compared to the basal diet groups. The composition ratio of fatty acids varied according to which type of oil the diet contains. Our finding suggest that grape seed oil was an apparent diet effect on the fatty-acid composition.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.233-243
• /
• 2016

This study examined the antioxidant activity and lipid composition of rats fed a high fat-high cholesterol diet containing Salvia plebeia water extract. Three levels (50 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg) of Salvia plebeia water extract were administered to seven weeks old male Sprague Dawley rats for four weeks. The activity of glutathione peroxidase in serum was high in all groups that received the Salvia plebeia water extract (p<0.05). The glutathione reductase activity was high (p<0.05) in groups that received 50 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of Salvia plebeia water extract. When rats received Salvia plebeia water extract, the content of MDA (malondialdehyde) in the serum and liver was low in all groups. In addition, the serum total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol contents decreased significantly (p<0.05). Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the liver were significantly lower in the group that received the Salvia plebeia water extract than in the control group (p<0.05). Salvia plebeia water extract improves lipid metabolism and it almost meets with the increase of antioxidant activity and peroxide formation reduction. Based on these results, supplemented of a high fat-hypercholesterol diet with Salvia plebeia can increase antioxidant activity and depress peroxide formation in serum, as well as liver cholesterol and triglycerides.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.12
• /
• pp.1858-1864
• /
• 2007

Influence of varying level of sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation on milk yield and its composition was examined in a randomized complete block design in early lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes during summer. Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets were formulated. The diet 0B contained 0 while LB, MB and HB diets contained 0.50, 1.0 and 1.50% SB levels, respectively. The diets were randomly allotted to twenty buffaloes, five in each group. A linear increase in nutrient and water intake was recorded with increasing SB level. Buffaloes fed MB and HB diets showed higher nitrogen balance than those fed 0B and LB diets. A significant increase in blood pH and serum bicarbonate was noticed with increasing SB level. Urine pH increased significantly with increased SB level. A linear increase in milk yield was also noticed with increasing SB level. Milk fat% increased significantly in buffaloes fed MB and HB diets compared with those fed 0B and LB diets. Buffaloes fed HB diet had higher conception rate and less services per conception than those fed 0B diet. This study indicated that a high SB diet not only increased dry matter and water intake, milk yield, milk fat% but also increased conception rate in early lactating buffaloes during summer.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.127-132
• /
• 2010

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid sources on the growth and fatty acid composition of juvenile sea cucumber. For 12 weeks, three replicate groups of sea cucumber (average weight 1.4 g) were fed one of three diets, containing squid liver oil (SLO), soybean oil (SO), or linseed oil (LO) as a dietary lipid source, or a control diet (CON) without added lipids. Sea cucumber survival was not significantly different among dietary treatments (P>0.05). The highest weight gain was observed in sea cucumber fed the SLO diet, whereas the weight gain of sea cucumber fed the SO diet was the lowest among dietary treatments (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in the moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash contents of whole sea cucumber body among dietary treatments (P>0.05). Concentrations of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were significantly higher in sea cucumber fed the SLO diet than in those fed on the other diets. The highest 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 contents were observed in sea cucumber fed the SO and LO diets, respectively. The results of this study suggest that squid liver oil could be used as a good lipid source in formulated diets for juvenile sea cucumber.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.311-315
• /
• 2011

A 7-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary starch level and kind on the growth and body composition of juvenile olive flounder. Triplicate groups of fish (average weight: 1.5 g) were fed iso-nitrogenous (48% crude protein) and isocaloric (4.8 kcal/g diet) diets containing 15-25% ${\alpha}$-potato starch and 15% ${\beta}$-potato starch. Survival was not affected by dietary starch level and kind. The weight gain of fish fed the diet containing 20% ${\alpha}$-potato starch was significantly higher than that of fish fed the diets containing 15% and 25% ${\alpha}$-potato starch levels. The feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratios of fish fed the diets containing 15% ${\beta}$-potato starch were significantly lower than those of the other groups (P < 0.05). The protein efficiency ratio tended to increase with increasing ${\alpha}$-potato starch. The daily feed intake of fish fed the diet containing 15% ${\beta}$-potato starch was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P < 0.05). The hepatosomatic index, condition factor, and proximate composition of the whole body were not affected by the dietary starch level and kind. These results indicate that up to 20% ${\alpha}$-potato starch could be incorporated into the juvenile flounder diet for optimum growth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 1994

To investigate the effects of krill and cadmium on lipid composition of plasma in cholesterol-fed rats, male Sprague-Dawley rats were raised for 4 weeks with 8 experimental diets. The cholesterol, ${\beta}-lipoprotein$, phospholipid and triglyceride concentration of plasma in rats fed krill diets containing below 5%9w/w) krill were not significant differences in comparison with those of control diet. The ingestion of cadmium caused a significant increase in free cholesterol 91.6-fold), triglyceride 91.6-fold), ${\beta}-lipoprotein$(1.4-fold) and total cholesterol (1.3-fold) level, and then HDL-cholesterol concentration of cadmium diet was 1.6-fold lower than that of control diet. The krill supplement of cadmium diet rather resulted in a increase in total cholesterol, free cholesterol, ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ and triglyceride concentration of plasma.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.54-58
• /
• 2018

Diet composition of amphibians usually reflects the distribution of potential prey within habitats, as well as their diet preference. We identified the diet items of Japanese tree frog (Hyla japonica) using a stomach flushing method in a rice paddy for the establishment of bio-monitoring systems of landscape changes. During the reproductive period, 71% of calling males had empty stomachs. All prey items in the stomachs belonged to the phylum Arthropoda, from eight orders of Insecta and one order of Arachnida. Among insect prey, the most common items in the stomachs were adults of beetles, flies and bugs, and larvae of butterflies and moths. There was a significant positive correlation between the body mass of Japanese tree frogs and the volume of prey items. Our results can provide a basic framework to guide the monitoring systems using prey identification of Japanese tree frogs.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.604-611
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of fermented persimmon diet on the meat quality of fattening pigs. Pigs (75 kg) were grouped and housed as 15 animals per pen and 3 replications per treatment. The basal diet (C) was substituted with 3% (T1), 5% (T2) and 10% (T3) of fermented diet. The 180 pigs were fed experimental diet for 42 d and 10 longissimus dorsi (LD) per treatment were collected when each swine reached 105.6 kg of body weight. The crude fat concentration of LD was lower (p<0.05) in treatments, but the pH value of T3 and the shear force values of T2 and T3 were higher (p<0.05) than those of C. The CIE $L^*$ value (lightness) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T2 and T3 than C, but the CIE $b^*$ (yellowness) of T2 and T3 was significantly (p<0.05) lower than C. The composition of myristic acid and oleic acid was significantly (p<0.05) higher in treatments than in C, while the composition of palmitic acid and stearic acid of treatments were significantly (p<0.05) lower than C in LD. Sensory evaluation of cooked meat as scores of aroma, taste, juiciness and overall acceptability showed higher (p<0.05) in treatments than in C. In conclusion, the dietary of fermented persimmon diet decreased the crude fat concentration, improved the fatty acids composition (increased composition of unsaturated fatty acid and decreased composition of saturated fatty acid) and improved the sensory evaluation of pork meat from fattening pigs.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.367-371
• /
• 2020

We evaluated the eating pattern, physical activity, and daytime sleepiness level in Chilean shift workers. Fifty, middle-aged adult health workers from a public hospital in Santiago, Chile, were included: a group undergoing shift work (shift workers, including at least one "night shift" and one "long day", n = 33), and day workers under traditional schedule (from 8:00 to 17:00h, n = 17). Body composition, physical activity, and daytime sleepiness levels, and diet characteristics (diet composition, meals' timing, and diet quality) were assessed. Despite similar total energy intake, shift worker showed lower carbohydrate (% of energy) and higher protein intake (both P < 0.01), decreased diet quality, an irregular eating pattern, and delayed meal timing (all P < 0.05). Physical activity and daytime sleepiness levels did not differ between groups. Findings from this first Chilean study in healthcare shift workers support the fact that meal timing and diet quality appear as critical factors for upcoming intervention studies in this group.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.159-164
• /
• 2015

A feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary distillers dried grain (DDG) on the growth and body composition of juvenile abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Three diets were formulated to contain 0% (DDG0), 30% DDG (DDG1) replacing wheat flour and 30% DDG (DDG2) replacing fish meal and wheat flour. A commercial feed (CF) was also compared with experimental diets. Three replicate groups of abalone averaging $0.6{\pm}0.01g$ were fed one of the four diets for 14 weeks. The highest survival rate was observed in the abalone fed the DDG2 diet, which was higher than that of abalone fed the DDG0 diet. Weight gain, shell length, shell width and soft body weight of the abalone were not affected by dietary DDG and CF diet (P > 0.05). Proximate and amino acid composition of the soft whole body were not affected by dietary DDG and CF diet (P > 0.05). The result of this experiment suggests that DDG is a good ingredient to replace fish meal and wheat flour in the diet and could be used up to 30% in the diet without negative effects on the growth performance of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai.