• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.343-349
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• 2012

A variety of fish species undergo an ontogenetic change in prey selectivity, and several potentially interacting factors, including nutrient requirement, microhabitat change, and foraging ability, may account for the occurrence of the shift. Here we examine the foraging ecology and ontogenetic diet shift of a micro-carnivorous goby, Pterogobius elapoides (serpentine goby), dominant component of fish assemblage in shallow rocky areas off the coast in Korea and Japan. Although most other gobies are primarily benthic carnivores, P. elapoides is a semipelagic fish; however, little is known about how those species change their foraging tactics with growth. In our diet analyses, the most common diet was pelagic copepods and benthic amphipods, and diet shift was observed from pelagic to benthic with growth. The ontogenetic diet shift seems to be the result of the preference for energetically more profitable prey in larger-size classes as well as the results of different prey availability due to among-habitat variation in diet. However, differential food preference does not appear to affect individual scope for searching food. Several factors such as predation pressures and interspecific resource partitioning might contribute to the changes in diet observed among size classes, which were included in our ongoing tests.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.369-380
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• 2020

Purpose: It has been previously reported that breast tumor incidence, growth, and metastasis are stimulated by high-fat diet but reduced by caloric restriction. However, few studies have elucidated the effects of dietary change from a high-fat diet after breast cancer initiation. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to provide practical assistance to breast cancer prevention and management by investigating the effects of dietary change from a high-fat diet to normal diet on breast cancer growth and metastasis. Methods: The experimental animals were divided into 2 groups (high-fat diet control [HFC] group and diet restriction [DR] group) and consumed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. 4T1 cells were transplanted into subcutaneous fat or tail vein to measure the growth and metastasis of breast cancer. The HFC and DR groups continuously ingested either high-fat diet or AIG-93G diet for 5 weeks or 3 weeks, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis markers from tumor tissues were analyzed by Western blot analysis. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 package program. Results: The results show that the DR group significantly reduced breast tumor initiation, growth, and tumor tissue weight compared to the HFC group. The DR group suppressed tumor growth by decreasing proliferation and inducing apoptosis through down-regulation of Bcl-xL and up-regulation of caspase-3 activity. Furthermore, the DR group significantly reduced numbers of metastasized tumors in lung tissues. Conclusion: These results suggest that dietary change from a high-fat diet to normal diet decreased breast growth by reducing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis and metastasis. Taken together, these results indicate that dietary change to a low-fat and balanced diet might suppress breast tumor growth and metastasis even after tumor diagnosis.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.295-303
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• 2007

A preliminary diet experiment utilizing Jerusalem artichoke's inulin, lotus leaf powder, nettle powder and eucalyptus powder extract indicated that combining all four elements gave the most effective result. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of combined diet for weight loss. In this study, Sprague-Dawley, male white rats about 200 g in weight was fed with high fat diet for 8 weeks in order to induce obesity followed by 4 week administration of combined diet to look into the effect of the diet. After a total of 12 weeks of feeding, factors relevant to weight, blood, and lipid metabolism by liver in the body were researched and histologic change was examined with optical microscope. In terms of weight change, both high fat diet group and regular diet group gained weight from high fat diet for 8 weeks compared to normal group. Then, for another 4 weeks, while normal group and high fat diet group kept gaining weight, combined diet group which was provided with high fat diet for 8 weeks, lost weight to the normal group level after 3 week administration of diet. However, after the 4th week of administration, the group weighted significantly less than the normal group and the efficiency of diet also significantly dropped. In the biochemical analysis of blood, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, GOT, GPT, ${\gamma}-GTP$ and creatine showed significant increase in high fat diet group and there was no significant difference between diet group and normal group except for GPT, ${\gamma}-GTP$ and creatine. In the biochemical analysis of liver, there was significant increase in LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride of high fat diet group compared to normal group, while there was no significant difference in term of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol. Compared to normal group, diet group had higher HDL-cholesterol, while total cholesterol dropped significantly. There was no significant difference in terms of LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride. Besides, in high fat diet group, observation of histologic change in liver and change in ultrastructure showed volume increase of hepatic cell and severe fatty degeneration in hepatic cell around hepatic vein. However in diet group, like normal group, no pathological change was observed in terms of cytoplasm, nucleus and capillary in hepatocyte and the alignment of hepatocyte had regularity thanks to the administration of combined diet. Therefore, combined diet utilizing Jerusalem artichoke's inulin, lotus leaf powder, nettle powder and eucalyptus powder was proven to be an effective measure to prevent and improve obesity as a result of abnormal adipose deposition.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1049-1055
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• 1995

This study was designed to investigate the effects of calcium supplementation on calcium metabolism in seven healthy college women, aged from 19 to 21 years old. For this purpose, metabolic studies were conducted for two weeks. During the first week, the subjects ate experimental diet which nutrients composition was similar to their usual intake. And during the consecutive second week, they ate the same experimental diet supplemented with 500mg of calcium daily. The results were summarized as follows ; 1) Fecal excretion of calcium increased significantly (P<0.05), but urinary excretion of that did not show any change after supplementary intake of calcium. 2) Mean apparent calcium absorption was 28.5% and retention was 182mg/day when subjects ate the experimental diet without calcium supplementation. Calcium retention was significantly ate the experimental diet without calcium supplementation. Calcium retention was decreased to 24.1% by additional intake of calcium. 3) Phosphorus balance did not show any change after additional intake of calcium. 4) Serum calcium level was also not changed by additional intake of calcium. 5) Serum calcium level increased significantly(P<0.05) but serum phosphorus level did not show any change after additional intake of calcium. The above results showed that supplementation of 500mg calcium daily can be helpful to increase calcium retention as well as the peak bone mass in young women eating usual Korean diets.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.1055-1061
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• 2005

In this study, the aim was to investigate the effect of Mahwangpohang-tang on the expression of obesity-related genes and cytokines in high fat diet induced obesity mice. In order to investigate the effects of Mahwangpohang-tang(MHPH) on the obesity-related genes and cytokines, C57BL/6 mice were fed with high fat diet. C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups and fed for 13weeks. Body weight change, diet intake change, final increase of body weight, the ratio of the adipocyte in body weight, the expression of leptin gene in primary adipocytes, the expression of UCP-2 in primary adipocytes, the production change of $TNF-\alpha$ and leptin in primary adipocytes, the expression of leptin in adipocytes tissue. The body weight of Mahwangpohang-tang(MHPH) intake mice was significantly lower than high fat diet group. The amount of the adipocyte in body weight was decreased Significantly. In primary adipocytes, leptin gene expression and the expression of UCP-2 did not change significantly. In primary adipocytes, the amount of $TNF-\alpha$ was significantly decreased at dose of $100{\mu}/ml$ density. In adipocytes tissue, the expression of leptin did not change significantly. These results suggest that MHPH may inhibit the expression of obesity-related genes and cytokines in high fat diet induced obesity mice

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.410-421
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• 2009

Objective : The aim of this study is to investigate the preventive effect of Injinchunggan-tang (YJCGT) & Injinysaryung-san (YJSRS) on MCD-diet-induced NASH in A/J mice. Methods : A/J mice were divided into 4 groups: Normal group (normal diet without any treatment). Control group (MCD diet only), YJCGT group (MCD diet with YJCGT), and YJSRS group (MCD diet with YJSRS). After 5 weeks, body weight, liver weight, biochemical parameters for liver function test, histological changes, and real-time PCR were assessed. Results : Mice lost body weight with the MCD diet and the YJCGT and YJSRS groups lost less than the control group, though showed no statistical significance. Liver weights were decreased by the MCD diet, but not significantly. In the liver function test, all the values were increased with the MCD diet, though some did not show significance. Alp and ALT levels were significantly less increased by YJCGT compared to the normal (p<0.05). All values were decreased or increased compared to the control by treatment though showed no significance possibly due to insufficient sample numbers. In histological findings of the livers. MCD-diet induced severe fatty change and collagen accumulation in the livers, but this fatty change was reduced in the YJCGT and YJYRS groups and fibrogenesis was inhibited significantly with p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively. In real-time PCR analysis, YJCGT and YJYRS showed inhibitory effect on liver fibrogenesis by reducing associated gene expressions caused by MCD diet. Conclusion : YJCGT and YJSRS are considered to be possible candidates for the treatment of patients with NASH and/or liver fibrosis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.231-247
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• 1993

This study was designed to confirm the effect of dietary protein level and oral administration of tryptophan on brain serotonin metabolism. Two animal experiments were conducted. The objectives and results of research were as follows : In the first experiment, it was investigated whether administration of reserpine to Sprague-Dawley rats fed 6% or 20% casein diet induced decrease in serum tryptophan and large neutral amino acid(LNAA) concentrations, tryptophan/LNAA concentration ratio, brain tryptophan, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA) contents. Brain serotonin content of 6% casein diet group was lower than those of 20% casein diet group. Both 6% and 20% casein diet groups administered with reserpine to induce the analogous depression, showed the notable decrease in brain serotonin content when they were compared with 20% casein diet group not administered with reserpine. Serum tryptophan/LNAA ration and brain 5-HIAA content showed a tendency similar to the change of serotonin content, but the mean difference among all groups was not significant. From these results, it could be said that when the dietary protein level was low, brain serotonin content was decrease. The second experimnt was to see the change in serum tryptophan concentration and tryptophan/LNAA ratio and brain tryptophan, serotonin and 5-HIAA content when tryptophan was administered orally to the animals treated with reserpine. Serum tryptophan concentration tended to increase in both reserpine-treated 6% and 20% casein diet groups administered with tryptophan, especially in the 6% casein diet group. Serum tryptophan/LNAA concentration ratio tended to incrase in reserpine-tteated 6% casein diet group, while decrease in reserpine-treated 20% casein diet group. Brain tryptophan content was increased in both reserpine-treated 6% and 20% casein diet groups. However, brain serotonin content of reserpine-treated 6% casein diet group showed a tendency to decrease, while that of reserpine-treated 20% casein group increase. Consequently, the effect of tryptophan administration on increase of brain tryptophan and serotonin content in animals treated with reserpine was far more excellent in 20% casein diet groups. It was concluded that dietary protein intake and tryptophan administration increase brain serotonin level. Accordingly, it was possible to confirm that brain function, particularly in aspect of behavior related to the serotonin, was changed with manipulation of dietary composition.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.105-121
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• 2016

Purpose: This study examined the influencing factors from the Transtheoretical Model on the stage of change in the self-management behaviors, i.e. regular physical activity and diet, among community-residing adults with hypertension in a rural area. Methods: With a cross-sectional descriptive design, 134 adults who had registered and received a prescription for hypertension medication from a public health center in W city were recruited using convenient sampling. The instrument was an interviewer-administered questionnaire on the stage of change, process of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance of physical activity and diet. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, 2-sample t-test, ${\chi}^2$ test, and logistic regression. Results: The results revealed significant differences in the process of change, self-efficacy, and decisional balance of physical activity and diet between those who were in the pre-execution stage (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation) and those who were in the execution stage (action and maintenance). Logistic regression showed that consciousness raising and self-efficacy were significant predictors of the execution stage in physical activity, and self-reevaluation, social liberation and self-efficacy were significant predictors in the diet. Conclusion: The relevant processes of change, differentiated according to the stage of change, along with self-efficacy, should be addressed to enhance the execution of self-management behaviors among hypertensive adults residing in the community.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.533-544
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• 2016

Objectives: We aimed to examine levels of physical activity, anthropometric features, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Korean breast cancer survivors who reported changes in their diet after diagnosis. Methods: A total of 380 women who had been diagnosed with stage I to III breast cancer and had breast cancer surgery at least six months before the interview were included. Participants provided information on dietary change after diagnosis, post-diagnostic diet, physical activity, anthropometric measures, and HRQoL through face-to-face interview. We assessed HRQoL levels of breast cancer survivors using a validated Korean version of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and Breast Cancer Module (BR23). We used the logistic regression and generalized linear models to identify the associations of dietary changes in relation with physical activity, anthropometry, and HRQoL. Results: The majority of participants (72.6%) reported that they have changed their diet to a healthier diet after diagnosis. Breast cancer survivors who reported to have change to a healthy diet had higher intakes of vegetables and fruits and lower intakes of red and processed meats, and refined grains than those who did not. Also, survivors with a healthy change in their diet were more likely to engage in physical activity (top vs. bottom tertile: odds ratio [OR], 1.85; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.02-3.36) and have lower body mass index (BMI) (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.98 for one $kg/m^2$ increment in BMI) compared to those who did not. We found that a healthy change in diet was associated with higher scores of physical functioning (p=0.02) and lower scores of constipation (p=0.04) and diarrhea (p=0.006) compared to those who did not. Conclusions: Healthy changes in diet after breast cancer diagnosis may be associated with lower levels of BMI, and higher levels of physical activity and HRQoL.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.334-341
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• 2014

The diet composition of juvenile Korean piscivorous chub, Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis were studied using 277 specimens collected from January to December 2004 in the surf zone of Nakdong river estuary. The size of Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis ranged from 2.6 to 9.1 cm in standard length (SL). Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis was carnivore that consumes mainly amphipods and insects. Its diet also included small quantities of polychaetes, fishes, and algae and plants. Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis showed ontogenetic diet change. Smaller individuals (< 4 cm SL) mainly consumed amphipods. The portion of these prey items decreased with increasing fish size, and this decrease was paralleled with increased consumption of larger preys such as polychaetes and fishes. Insects were preyed moderated values in all size classes. Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis diet also showed diel change with consuming more on amphipods and polychaetes during day.