• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.26 no.6_spc
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• pp.674-679
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• 2016

According to the conventional studies on the noise and cardiovascular effect, railway noise is better associated with hypertension and adverse cardiovascular events than road traffic noise. But the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the hypothesis that exposure to acute railway noise would the unfavorable effect of cardiovascular and autonomic system in healthy young subjects. Using a randomized, sham-controlled cross-over design, ten subjects were assigned to receive either an exposure to high speed train noise (84 dB) for 30 minutes or a control condition (non noise), separated by two days. Blood pressure, heart rate, augmentation index and heart rate variability as indices of cardiovascular and autonomic system function were measured at baseline, during, and recovery from two trials. The results show that exposure to acute railway noise significantly increased diastolic blood pressure and augmentation index, which may cause of adverse cardiovascular effects.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.64 no.11
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• pp.582-587
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• 2021

Background: Syncope is a common problem in children and adolescents. However, a large proportion of syncope cases have no underlying cause. Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors affecting the severity of syncope using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). Methods: This retrospective study included 61 children and adolescents with syncope who underwent echocardiography. The head-up-tilt test (HUT) was performed when there was a more severe syncopal event. We compared the echocardiographic findings between the execute HUT and nonexecute HUT, negative HUT result and positive HUT result, and normal electrocardiogram (ECG) and abnormal ECG groups. Data were analyzed using an unpaired t test post hoc analysis. Results: In the execute and nonexecute HUT groups, the odds ratios were 0.55 for medial E/E' (P=0.040) and 0.64 for lateral E/E' (P=0.049). Comparison of the results of the decreased, normal, and increased groups for lateral E/E' revealed a significant difference in the execution HUT and nonexecute HUT groups (overall, P=0.004; decreased vs. increased, P=0.003; normal vs. increased, P=0.050). Conclusion: Medial E/E' and lateral E/E' were decreased in patients with severe syncopal events. These findings suggest that the presence of left ventricular diastolic deterioration may cause hypoperfusion even in the absence of organic causes and, consequently, increase syncope severity and frequency. The TDI measured by echocardiography can be used as an index to predict syncope recurrence and/or severity.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.511-518
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• 2022

Sepsis-associated myocardial injury, an invertible myocardial depression, is a common complication of sepsis. Neogambogic acid is an active compound in garcinia and exerts anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, and detoxification properties. The role of neogambogic acid in sepsis-associated myocardial injury was assessed. Firstly, mice were pretreated with neogambogic acid and then subjected to lipopolysaccharide treatment to induce sepsis. Results showed that lipopolysaccharide treatment induced up-regulation of biomarkers involved in cardiac injury, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and troponin I (cTnI). However, pretreatment with neogambogic acid reduced levels of LDH, CK-MB, and cTnI, and ameliorated histopathological changes in the heart tissues of septic mice. Secondly, neogambogic acid also improved cardiac function in septic mice through reduction in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and enhancement of ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and left ventricular systolic mean pressure. Moreover, neogambogic acid suppressed cardiac apoptosis and inflammation in septic mice and reduced cardiac fibrosis. Lastly, protein expression of p-p38, p-JNK, and p-NF-κB in septic mice was decreased by neogambogic acid. In conclusion, neogambogic acid exerted anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, and anti-inflammatory effects in septic mice through the inactivation of MAPK/NF-κB pathway.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

Background and purpose: Cardiovascular disease will undoubtedly rise along with the aging of the 'baby-boom' generation. The purpose of this study is to find the new index of the cardiovascular aging. Methods: The effects of aging on the heart and the arterial system are surveyed in the point of structure and function. Results: Arterial stiffening is due to the fatiguing effects of periodic stress on the arterial wall and is the main reason for increasing pulse wave velocity. The systolic hypertension is caused by the early return of wave reflection. The increased after-load by the arterial change leads to the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. The reduction in left ventricular compliance cause the impairments of the diastolic function. In contrast to the lower limb, aging effect in the upper limb are almost due to the ascending aortic pressure wave and the reflected wave from the lower limb. Conclusion: We have the following points. (1) The change of physiological pulse pattern by age can be explained by the early returning of reflected wave. (2) The atrial pulse in old age are generated by the left ventricular hypertrophy.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.902-916
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the clinical research on antihypertensive effects of Korean herbal medicines that function by inducing diuresis. Methods: Literature searches were performed using PubMed, Cochrane, CNKI, Wanfang, Cinii, Oasis, KISS, NDSL, RISS, DBPia, with the keywords "利水", "利尿", "高血壓", "hypertension", and "lishui." The search range included only randomized controlled trials that verified the effects of Korean herbal medicine interventions on hypertension. The selected studies were assessed by risk of bias (RoB). Results: 26 reports were selected from a total of 532 identified. For these reports, meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.3. From this analysis, it was observed that the combined treatment of Korean medicine and antihypertensive drugs had a significantly higher total effective rate (TER) and improvement in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) than did the use of a single antihypertensive drug. The risk ratio of TER for lowering blood pressure was 1.25. The mean differences of SBP, DBP were -19.63 mm Hg (95% confidential interval (CI), -22.45 mm Hg, -16.80 mm Hg, p<0.00001), and -5.39 mm Hg (95% CI, -7.36 mm Hg, -3.42 mm Hg, p<0.00001) respectively. The use of Korean medicine only did not improve blood pressure, as compared to the use of an antihypertensive drug. Most of items of RoB were unclear, and the methodological quality was low. Conclusions: The combination of antihypertensive drugs and Korean medical treatment can effectively improve SBP, DBP, and TER. This finding could be widely utilized in clinical practice in Korean medicine.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 1982

M-mode echocardiographic studies of left ventricular function in mitral valve disease were evaluated in 19 surgically treated patients before and one year after operation (mean 12.7 months). Twelve patients had mitral stenosis (MS) and seven patients had mitral regurgitation (MR). Before surgery, average end-diastolic and end systolic dimensions (EDD, and ESD) and left atrial dimension were significantly greater than normal in subject with MR. After surgery, EDD fell significantly from $66.5{\pm}8.4$ (SD)mm to $52.7{\pm}6.3$mm (P 0.01) at the time of late follow up study; ESD fell significantly from $46.5{\pm}9.7$mm to $36.4{\pm}8.6$ (P 0.05) on early follow up study; left atrial dimension fell significantly from $60.5{\pm}6.8$mm to $48.1{\pm}7.2$mm (P 0.01) at the time of the late follow up study. In patients with MS, EDD and ESD were normal and did not change significantly at any time after surgery. The left ventricular ejection fraction (E.F.) was normal in both groups. preoperatively([MR: $64.2{\pm}15.1$, MS: $65.7{\pm}12.3$). After surgery, E.F. did not change significantly at any time after surgery in both groups, but de-creased from $64.2{\pm}15.1$% to $59.5{\pm}11.2$% in MR patients at the time of early follow up study.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.235-241
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• 2013

Repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) has shown excellent outcomes. However it leaves varying degrees of residual hemodynamic impairment, with severe pulmonary stenosis (PS) and free pulmonary regurgitation (PR) at both ends of the spectrum. Since the 1980s, studies evaluating late outcomes after TOF repair revealed the adverse impacts of residual chronic PR on RV volume and function; thus, a turnaround of operational strategies has occurred from aggressive RV outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction for complete relief of RVOT obstruction to conservative RVOT reconstruction for limiting PR. This transformation has raised the question of how much residual PS after conservative RVOT reconstruction is acceptable. Besides, as pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) increases in patients with RV deterioration from residual PR, there is concern regarding when it should be performed. Regarding residual PS, several studies revealed that PS in addition to PR was associated with less PR and a small RV volume. This suggests that PS combined with PR makes RV diastolic property to protect against dilatation through RV hypertrophy and supports conservative RVOT enlargement despite residual PS. Also, several studies have revealed the pre-PVR threshold of RV parameters for the normalization of RV volume and function after PVR, and based on these results, the indications for PVR have been revised. Although there is no established strategy, better understanding of RV mechanics, development of new surgical and interventional techniques, and evidence for the effect of PVR on RV reverse remodeling and its late outcome will aid us to optimize the management of TOF.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.358-363
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• 1998

Intravenous lipid emulsion is used extensively as a major component of parenteral nutrition for patients in the surgical intensive care unit. Abnormal cardiovascular function related to lipid infusion has been reported although conflicting results exist. In the present study, we investigated the effects of intravenous emulsions of long-chain triglyceride (LCT) and medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) on myocardial ischemia/ reperfusion injury and on platelet aggregation in rat. There was no difference between LCT and MCT considering the effects on left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and coronary flow rate (CFR) before and after ischemia/reperfusion in isolated rat heart. On the other hand, a difference was found between LCT and MCT with regard to their effects on heart rate (HR) and end diastolic pressure (EDP) after ischemia/reperfusion. After ischemia/reperfusion, HR was significantly (P<0.05) reduced and EDP significantly (P<0.05) inc.eased by LCT (18$\pm$2.0% and 42.8$\pm$8.9%, respectively), but not by MCT Ex vivo platelet aggregation induced by collagen was reduced by LCT infusion, but not by MCT These findings suggest that MCT may have slightly more favorable effect than LCT on the myocardial function after ischemia/reperfusion in rat.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.436-444
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• 2002

This study surveyed 146 obese elementary school children(94 male and 52 female) in Seoul, and measured height, body weight, degree of obesity, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, serum lipid profiles and liver function. The hypertension was above 95 percentile depending on age and sex. and the hyperglycemia was defined as above 110mg/dl. The hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were defined as above 200mg/dl, 160mg/dl, repectively. The abnormal liver function was considered as elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT>35IU/L)or aspartate aminotransferase(AST>35IU/L). The results were as follows: 1. The mean degree of obesity was $29.56\pm12.56\%$, and the percentage of overweight was $18.5\%$, mild obesity $41.1\%$, moderate obesity $35.6\%$, severe obesity $4.8\%$ respectively in surveyed children. 2. The systolic blood pressure was $108.34\pm13.73mmHg$, diastolic blood pressure was $67.46\pm8.27mmHg$. 3. FBS was $93.79\pm6.51mg/dl$. 4. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, ALT and AST were $183.34\pm31.38mg/dl$. $115.55\pm56.43mg/dl,\;24.08\pm18.42IU/L,\; 28.73\pm10.45IU/L,$ respectively. 5. The prevalence of complications was $47.2\%$ : hypertension$(13\%)$, hyperglycemia$(0.7\%)$, hypercholesterolemia$(23.3\%)$, hypertriglyceridemia$(17.1\%)$, and liver dysfunction$(21.9\%)$. In conclusion. childhood obesity is associated with various risk factors. Therefore, the aggressive approaches to successful prevention, early detection, and effective treatment of obesity in children are urgently required.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.829-836
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• 1997

Studies on the effect of quinones on cardiac function has been conducted with normal hearts. But not with injured hearts, I.e. ischemia/reperfusion-injured heart. Quinone compounds are known to produce oxygen free radicals during metabolism, and for this reason, quinones are implicated in the aggravation of ischemia/reperfusion injury or cardioprotection, as in the case of ischemic preconditioning depending on the experimental conditions. The present study was carried out to examine the effect of 2-chloro-3-(4-cyanophenylamino)-1.4-naphthoquinone (NQ-Y15) on cardiac function of ischemic/reperfused and normal rat hearts. In isolated perfused hearts, various functional parameters such as left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (EDP) and maximum positive and negative dP/dt ($[\pm}dP/dt_{max}$), time to contracture, heart rate (HR) and coronary flow rate (CFR) were measured before and 30 min after dosing and following 25 min ischemia/30min reperfusion. NQ-Y15 increased LVDP, +dP/$d_{max}$and -dP/$dt_{min}$ by 18%. 30%, and 40%, respectively. There were no significant changes in other haemodynamic parameters. After ischemia/reperfusion injury, pretreatment with NQ-Y15 induced a significant decrease in LVDP and $[\pm}dP/dt_{max}$, but an increase in EDP. LDH-release was not significantly increased. These results suggested that NQ-Y15 may augment the ventricular contractility but it makes hearts more vulnerable to ischemia/reperfusion injury.