• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2007

대동맥류 질환에 사용되는 스텐트그라프트의 체외실험을 위한 대동맥류 혈류 팬텀의 유효성과 실현가능성에 대해 평가하고자 한다. 팬텀은 인체의 혈류 조건과 유사한 상황을 재현할 수 있도록 심장부분과 대동맥류 부분으로 구성되었다. 심장부분은 고압력 수중펌프와 솔레노이드 밸브를 사용하여 심장의 대동맥 혈류를 재현하였고, 대동맥류 부분은 지점토를 사용하여 동맥류 모양을 재현하고 그 틀을 투명 실리콘으로 틀을 떠내는 방법으로 제작하였다. 두부분은 실리콘 관으로 연결하였다. 제작된 팬텀에서 밸브의 개폐 시간에 따른 압력(수축기/이완기) 변화를 측정하였으며, 스텐트그라프삽입술 전, 후의 압력변화를 측정하였으며, 통계적 유의성을 알아보았다. 밸브의 개폐 시간에 따른 압력 변화는 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 보였다(P<0.05). 0.5회/초의 개폐조건에서는 팬텀의 대동맥 근위부, 대동맥류, 원위부의 압력은 각각 $157.80{\pm}1.92/130.20{\pm}1.92$, $159.40{\pm}1.14/134.00{\pm}2.92$, $147.20{\pm}1.480/129.60{\pm}2.70\;mmHg$이었으며, 1.0회/초의 개폐 조건에서는 $161.40{\pm}1.34/90.20{\pm}1.64$, $175.00{\pm}1.58/93.00{\pm}1.58$, $176.80{\pm}1.48/90.80{\pm}1.92\;mmHg$이었고, 1.5회/초의 개폐 조건에서는 $159.40{\pm}1.82/127.20{\pm}1.48$, $166.60{\pm}1.67/138.00{\pm}1.87$, and $161.00{\pm}1.22/135.40{\pm}1.67\;mmHg$이었다. 스텐트그라프삽입술 전, 후의 팬텀의 압력변화는 대동맥부분에서 측정하였으며, 각각 $143.60{\pm}1.67/90.20{\pm}1.64$, $47.20{\pm}1.92/84.60{\pm}1.82$, and $137.40{\pm}1.52/88.80{\pm}1.64\;mmHg$이었다. 결론적으로, 대동맥류 팬텀은 압력의 범위를 다양하게 적용할 수 있고, 팬텀 내에서 시술의 재현이 가능하여 동물실험 전 스텐트그라프트의 유용성을 평가하기 위한 체외실험 기구로 유용할 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.43-58
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• 2012

This study was designed to investigate the impact of a 12-week nutrition education program on 32 male industrial workers (average age: $44.5{\pm}3.8$ yrs, work duration period: $20.1{\pm}5.6$ yrs) diagnosed as having dyslipidemia in a medical checkup at their workplace. This program was implemented with a conceptual framework on strengthening self-efficacy for the improvement of the health conditions of the workers. Most of all, the study exhibited benefits in the industrial workers by ameliorating the risk factors associated with dyslipidemia via changes in dietary behaviors, nutritional knowledge, and attitudes, as well as anthropometric and biochemical parameters. After the nutrition education, overall lifestyle, including the ratios of smoking (P<0.05) and drinking (P<0.01), significantly improved. Exactly 65.6% of the subjects reported that their dietary habits changed. Body weight, BMI, percentage of body fat, and waist circumference all significantly decreased (P<0.001). The systolic (P<0.01) as well as diastolic blood pressures (P<0.001) decreased. Moreover, the degree of increase in serum HDL-cholesterol was appreciable (P<0.001), and the atherogenic index also decreased (P<0.01). Further, risk factors related to metabolic syndrome in subjects significantly decreased (P<0.001). The average scores for nutrition knowledge increased from 9.3 to 17.7 points (P<0.001). All of the participants agreed on the need for a nutrition education program at their workplace. Further, it should be pointed out that the participants strongly indicated the need for continuing nutrition intervention.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2015

Background: This prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical study was conducted to compare the effects of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine (A100) and 4% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine (A200) on the vital signs and onset and duration of anesthesia in an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). Methods: In the first appointment, an IANB was performed by injecting A100 or A200 in 1 side of the mouth (right or left) randomly in patients referred for extraction of both their first mandibular molars. In the second appointment, the protocol was repeated and the other anesthetic solution was injected in the side that had not received the block in the previous session. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP) and pulse rate were measured during and 5 min after the injection. The onset and duration of anesthesia were also evaluated. Data were analyzed using t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test, and p-value was set at 0.05. Results: SBP and pulse rate changes were slightly more with A100; however, DBP changes were more with A200, although the differences were not significant (P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the parameters evaluated in this study. The onset and duration of anesthesia, and the changes in SBP, DBP, and pulse rate during and 5 min after the injection were the same in both the groups. Conclusions: For an IANB, A200 and A100 were equally efficient and successful in producing the block. Epinephrine concentration did not influence the effects of 4% articaine.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 1999

The present study was aimed at investigating whether there are sex-related differences in serum levels of lipids, retinol , $\alpha$-tocopherol and ascorbic acid in Korean adults. Serum levels of antioxidant vitamins and lipids were determined algon with anthropometric measurements in 53 healthy male subjects with mean age 42.7$\pm$12.2 years and 44 female subjects with mean age 46.7$\pm$10.3 years. from Taegu in Korea. BMI and W/H ration of the men were 22.66$\pm$2.47, 0.88$\pm$0.04 and those fo thewomen were 23.36$\pm$3.44, 0.84$\pm$0.05 respectively. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 121.67$\pm$14.8, 79.3$\pm$12.4 in the men and 123.1 $\pm$17.5 , 78.8$\pm$10.9 in the women respectively. Average serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL-and HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were 165.8$\pm$36.4, 102.6$\pm$31.2, 41.1$\pm$10.5 and 110.2$\pm$57.8mg/dl in the and 169.1$\pm$39.1, 113.7$\pm$36.2, 38.1 $\pm$8.6, and 85.2$\pm$37.7mg/dl in the women respectively. Thirteen percent of menans thirtyeight percent of women had LDL-cholesterol over 130mg/dl. Serum levels of retinol, $\alpha$tocopherol, ad ascorbic acid were 43.25 $\pm$15.51, 17.93$\pm$7.07, 115.24$\pm$63.25ug/dl in the men and 31.80$\pm$15.39, 17.41$\pm$6.12, an d144.99$\pm$89.87ug/dl in the women respectively. Serum vitamin E showed positive correlations with total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 1996

Background; Epidural analgesia for controlling labor pain has recently gained world-wide popularity. However, many patients scheduled for continuous epidural analgesia voice concern over harmful effects to their fetus and other possible complications such as hemodynamic changes, back pain and neurologic sequelae etc. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic changes with and without epidural block as a measure to determine the safety of epidural analgesia during labor and delivery. Methods: Twenty healthy subjects were divided equally into two groups(Group 1 without epidural block, and Group 2 with epidural block) and serial hemodynamic measurements were taken in all subjects with transcutaneous impedence cardiography. The epidural catheter was inserted at the level of $L_{3,4}$ in Group 2 and analgesia was maintained using 0.25% bupivacaine mixed with fentanyl. Results: Cardiac output increased slightly with cervical dilatation in both groups, but no significant differences were found between the two groups. Similarly, no significant differences were found in blood pressures between the two groups. Stroke volume and end-diastolic volume indices were slightly decreased in group 1 and slightly increased in group 2. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups. The ejection fraction was nearly constant and ranging 56~59%. Conclusion: We concluded epidural analgesia for labor and delivery is a safe technique for the parturients since results indicated no significant differences in hemodynamic changes, as compared to the control group.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.148-155
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• 2012

한국인의 연령에 따른 혈압변화와 고혈압 유병률 그리고 수축기(SBP)와 이완기(DBP)혈압 및 맥압(PP)의 변화양상을 횡단적으로 평가하였다. 지역보건소 건강검진 및 건강증진프로그램을 통해 진료된 대상자 6,570명(남2,809, 여 3,761)을 5 연령군(30, 40, 50, 60대 그리고 70세 이상)으로 구분하여 비교 분석하였다. SBP는 지속적으로 증가하였으며, 남자가 여자에 비해 높게 유지되었다. 그러나 60대 중반에서 역전되었다. DBP는 남자 30대부터 증가하여 40대에서 최고점을 이르렀다가 하강하였다. 여자는 4-50대까지 증가하다가 일정한 수준을 유지하였다. 남녀 모두에서 PP는 50대 이후 가파르게 증가하였다. 남자의 경우 특히 50대 이후의 연령과 관계한 혈압의 증가는 큰동맥의 굳어짐 현상이 가장 큰 공헌을 하는 것으로 보이며, 여성의 경우는 큰동맥굳어짐, 일회심박출량 또는 심실박출율과 같은 다양한 원인에 기인하는 것으로 평가된다. PP의 증가는 심장에 부담을 주게 되며 특히 50대 이후 남녀 모두에서 가파른 위험성이 예견된다. 이 연구에서는 남녀 모두에서 고혈압 발병률이 이전의 연구들에 비해 높게 나타나고 있다. 높은정상혈압을 고혈압 위험군에 포함시킨다면 고혈압 관리를 위한 대상자의 범위는 상당히 확장될 것으로 보인다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2016

Objectives: Several studies have revealed that systemic hypertension is strongly associated with cataractogenesis. However, the pathophysiology and treatment is often unclear. In this study, we evaluated the anti-cataractogenic effect of cinnamaldehyde (CA), a natural organic compound, in rats with fructose-induced hypertension. Methods: The rats were divided into six groups. For six weeks, the normal group received a suspension of 0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose (10 mL/kg/day, p.o.) while five other groups received a 10% (w/v) fructose solution in their drinking water to induce hypertension. By the end of the third week hypertension had been induced in all the animals receiving fructose. From the beginning of the fourth week to the end of the sixth week, one of those five groups (control) continued to receive only 10% (w/v) fructose solution, one group (standard) received ramipril (1 mg/kg/day, p.o.) plus 10% (w/v) fructose solution, and three groups (experimental) received CA at doses of 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg/day p.o., plus 10% (w/v) fructose solution. Blood pressure was measured weekly using a non-invasive blood pressure apparatus. After six weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and the anti-cataractogenic effects on the eye lenses were evaluated. Results: Administration of fructose elevated both the systolic and the diastolic blood pressures, which were significantly reduced by CA at all dose levels. In the control group, a significant increase in the malonaldehyde (MDA) level and decreases in the total protein, $Ca^{2+}$adenosine triphosphate (ATP)ase activity, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels, as compared to the normal group, were observed. Administration of CA at all doses significantly restored the enzymatic, non-enzymatic, antioxidants, total protein, and $Ca^{2+}$ATPase levels, but decreased the MDA level, as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The present study revealed that CA modulated the antioxidant parameters of the serum and lens homogenates in hypertension-induced cataractogenic animals.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.375-383
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• 2006

The physiological responses following stress are different in individual or personality. We performed this study to clarify gender differences in influences of noise stress on physiological factors. 70 healthy subjects, which was divided man (n=30) and woman (n=40) groups, were exposed to 85 decibels of excavator noise for 15 minutes. Cardiac factors such as heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP, respectively), and heart rate-systolic pressure product (RPP) were determined. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) was used to measure mean blood flow velocity (Vm), pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI) in the middle, anterior and posterior cerebral arteries (MCA, ACA and PCA, respectively) before and during noise exposure. Cortisol level and hematological variables were also measured before (baseline) and immediately after the end of noise exposure. In the both groups HR, SBP, and RPP significantly decreased during noise exposure (P<0.05) but not significantly different between two groups (P>0.05). Vms of three cerebral arteries in man group decreased, whereas Vm of PCA in woman group fell during noise exposure (P<0.05). Vm, PI and RI in MCA and ACA during noise exposure were low in man group compared with woman group (P<0.05). Vm of PCA was low, whereas PI and RI of PCA were high in man group compared with woman group during noise exposure (P<0.05). Total leukocyte and red blood cell (RBC) counts slightly decreased during noise exposure but not significant (P>0.05). Levels in hematological variables decreased but not significant changed following noise exposure. Decreased rate of total leukocyte in man group was higher (P<0.05). Cortisol levels in the both groups decreased immediately after the end of noise exposure, while the decreased rate in man group was greater than that in woman group (p<0.05). These findings indicate that a transient exposure to experimental excavator noise may cause decreased changes in cardiac factors, cerebral hemodynamics and cortisol levels and the changes may be greater in men than in women.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.103-115
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to compare the reaction of the cardiovascular system, and the anesthetic effect among 3 experimental groups, epidural administration of medetomidine as a single agent, the combination of buprenorphine and medetomidine, and the combination of fentanyl and medetomidine. Twenty one dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane and allowed to breathe spontaneously. Epidural, arterial, and venous catheters were inserted. The tip of epidural catheter was positioned at the level of the space between the sixth and seventh lumbar vertebra. After a stable plane of anesthesia was achieved, these dogs were each administered one of the following treatments epidurally : medetomidine $10{\mu}g/kg$ (Group M), a combination of medetomidine $5{\mu}g/kg$ and buprenorphine $10{\mu}g/kg$ (Group M/B), and a combination of medetomidine $5{\mu}g/kg$ and fentanyl $10{\mu}g/kg$ (Group M/F). Heart rate (HR), Respiratory rate (RR), End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), and arterial blood pressure were measured before drug administration (base line) and 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 min postinjection. Blood gas analysis was performed before injection and 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 60 min postinjection. Isoflurane was discontinued 80 min postinjection and pain/motor function were evaluated up to 260 min postinjection every 15 min. At the early stage of drug introduction (until 5 min), the HR was decreased significantly in all 3 groups compared with base line. In Group M, HR was significantly decreased compared with the other 2 groups. With time (starting 20 min after drug introduction), the HR was decreased significantly in Group M/B in respect to base line. However, no significant difference was seen number-wise in all 3 groups. During 60 min after drug introduction, the systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures were highest in Group M and lowest in Group M/F. Among 3 groups, drug action and motor loss duration were longest in Group M/F. Analgesic effect observed in the M/F group was the most prominent and long-lasting, compared to those seen in the other 2 groups. Given the fact that the recovery of motor function takes place in a short period of time after analgesic effects disappeared, additional use of M/F depending on the patient's condition would be a good way to achieve effective pain management. However, proper care should be taken to ensure the function of cardiovascular system in the patient because the administration of M/F under isoflurane anesthesia results in a significant decline in arterial blood pressure ($65{\pm}10mmHg$).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.783-794
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• 1995

영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 종합건강진단센터에서 1994년 5월 20일부터 9월 30일까지 종합건강진단을 받은 성인 661명(남 472명, 여 189명)을 대상으로 이들의 신장, 체중, 혈청지질치(총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도 지단백), 혈압과 impedance를 측정하였고, 이들 측정치를 이용하여 체질량지수, Katsura 지수, 동맥경화지수, 저밀도 지단백, 체지방 비율을 산출하여 체지방 비율과 혈청 지질치 및 혈압과의 관련성을 규명하였다. 체지방 비율에 따른 분포는 남자의 경우 체지방 비율이 20% 이상인 제1군이 15명(3.2%), 여자의 경우 25% 이상인 제 1군이 7명 (3.7%)으로 나타났다. 체중은 남자와 여자에서 체지방 비율에 따라 유의한 차이가 있었으나(p<0.01)신장은 세 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 남자에서는 총 콜레스테롤치, 중성지방치, 고밀도 지단백, 저밀도 저단백, 동맥경화지수가 세군간에 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<0.01) 여자에서는 총 콜레스테롤과 저밀도 지단백은 세 군간에 유의한 차이가 있었으나(p<0.05) 중성지방치, 고밀도 지단백은 세 군간에 차이가 없었다. 체질량지수와 Katsura 지수는 남녀 모두에서 세 군간에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.01). 상관관계분석에서는 체지방 비율이 남자에서는 체중, 체질량지수, Katsura 지수, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 저밀도 지단백, 동맥경화지수, 수축기 및 확장기 혈압과 유의한 상관관계가 있었고 고밀도 지단백과는 유의한 역상관관계가 있었다. 여자에서는 체지방 비율이 나이, 신장, 체중, 체질량지수, Katsura 지수, 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 저밀도 지단백, 동맥경화지수와 유의한 상관관계가 있었고 고밀도 지단백과는 유의한 역상관관계가 있었으나 혈압과는 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 심혈관계질환의 위험인자인 총 콜레스테롤과 LDL/HDL비를 종속변수로 하고 나이, 체질량지수, 체지방 비율을 독립변수로 한 다중회귀분석에서 총 콜레스테롤의 경우 남자에서는 체지방 비율, 나이, 체질량지수 모두가 총 콜레스테롤에 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수로 나왔으며$(R^2=0.1286)$, 여자에서는 체지방 비율과 나이가 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수였다$(R^2=0.3399)$. LDL/HDL비의 경우는 남자에서 체질량지수만이 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수였고$(R^2=0.0954)$, 여자에서는 체지방 비율, 나이, 체질량지수 모두가 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수였다$(R^2=0.3164)$. 수축기 및 확장기 혈압을 종속변수로 한 다중회귀 분석에서는 남자에서는 수축기 혈압에 나이, 저밀도 지단백, 총 콜레스테롤이 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수였고$(R^2=0.1297)$, 확장기 혈압에는 나이만이 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수였다$(R^2=0.0972)$. 여자에서는 수측기 혈압에 나이와 총 콜레스테롤이 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수였고$(R^2=0.1705)$, 확장기 혈압에는 나이만이 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수였다$(R^2=0.1218)$. 이상의 결과에서 체지방 비율은 비만이나 혈청 지질치는 잘 반영한다고 생각할 수 있으나 혈압을 반영하는데는 미흡한 점이 있다고 생각되며 앞으로 체지방 비율과 혈청 지질치 및 혈압과의 관련성을 확립하기 위해서는 본 연구에서 고려하지 않은 혈압에 미치는 다른 요인들을 독립변수로 고려한 추가 보완 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.