• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.108-111
• /
• 2017

A 4-year-old, weighing 7.6 kg, castrated male, Pug presented with ingestion of gastric cavity foreign body. Physical examination revealed panting, retching and hyper-salivation. Blood chemistry and complete blood cell count were normal, but hypophosphatemia was observed. An abdominal radiograph revealed the foreign body (FB), round shape and 2 cm length, at the pyloric region of stomach. A thoracic radiograph revealed an incidental metal FB, 3.5 cm length, at the cranial portion of the diaphragm. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed to remove the FB in the stomach and then a peach-pit was removed. However the metal FB was not found in the esophagus therefore a lateral thoracotomy was performed. A right lateral thoracotomy through the $7^{th}$ intercostal space was accomplished to expose the right caudal lung lobe. After open the thoracic cavity, foreign body was not observed by gross evaluation and caudal lung lobe was attached to the diaphragm. The FB was identified inside the lung lobe and surrounded by granulation tissue. The metal FB (sewing needle) was removed with blunt dissection and incised lung lobe was sutured using absorbable suture material PDS 4-0 with interrupted suture. A thoracotomy tube was inserted into the thoracic cavity during surgery. Patient's respiration became stable after surgery. A chest tube was removed 3 days after surgery. No complications were noted and the dog was discharged 4 days after surgery. In small animal, foreign body ingestion is a common reason for emergency. After ingestion of the FB, perforation through the esophagus and migration to inside the lung lobe is not common in small animals. In this case, thoracic metal FB was identified incidentally and removal of a thoracic FB with thoracotomy was performed successfully.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.63 no.6
• /
• pp.440-445
• /
• 2019

It has developed a method that can recover efficiently the reproducible resources from the vehicle waste lithium second battery module. Module cell consists of copper thin film, aluminum thin film and diaphragm made with polymer between these thin films. Cell was disassembled completely without any damage in glove box and through several steps. Preferentially, cathode active material was separated from aluminum thin film at heat treatment of 400 ℃. The retrieved cathode active material was then obtained as high purity after calcining at 800 ℃ to remove residual carbon. Based on this study, it was found that rare metals such as Co, Ni, Mn and Li made up of cathode active material could recover above 80% from aluminum thin film.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.1045-1067
• /
• 2016

Concrete bridges with corrugated steel webs and prestressed by both internal and external tendons have emerged as one of the promising bridge forms. In view of the different behaviour of components and the large shear deformation of webs with negligible flexural stiffness, the assumption that plane sections remain plane may no longer be valid, and therefore the classical Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam models may not be applicable. In the design of this type of bridges, both the ultimate load and ductility should be examined, which requires the estimation of full-range behaviour. An analytical sandwich beam model and its corresponding beam finite element model for geometric and material nonlinear analysis are developed for this type of bridges considering the diaphragm effects. Different rotations are assigned to the flanges and corrugated steel webs to describe the displacements. The model accounts for the interaction between the axial and flexural deformations of the beam, and uses the actual stress-strain curves of materials considering their stress path-dependence. With a nonlinear kinematical theory, complete description of the nonlinear interaction between the external tendons and the beam is obtained. The numerical model proposed is verified by experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2009.06a
• /
• pp.185-185
• /
• 2009

Micropump is very useful component in micro/nano fluidics and bioMEMS applications. Using the flexural vibration mode of PZT bar, a piezopump is successfully made. The PZT bar is polarized with thickness direction. The proposed structure for the piezo-pump consists of an input and an output port, piezoelectric ceramic actuator, actuator support, diaphragm. The traveling flexural wave along the bar is obtained by dividing two standing waves which are temporally and spatially phase shifted by 90 degrees from each other. Fluid is drawn into a forming chamber, eventually the forming chamber closes trapping the fluid therein. The finite elements analysis on the proposed pump model is carried out to verify its operation principle and design by the commercial FEM software. Components of piezopump were made, assembled, and tested to validate the concepts of the proposed pump and confirm the simulation results. The performance of the proposed piezopump the highest pressure level of 83.4kHz.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.470-474
• /
• 2001

This paper describes the fabrication and characteristics of CrN thin-film type pressure sensors, in which the sensing elements were deposited on SuS. 630 diaphragm by DC reactive magnetron sputtering in an argon-nitride atmosphere(Ar-(10%)N$_2$). The optimized condition of CrN thin-film sensing elements was thickness range of 3500$\AA$ and annealing condition(300$\^{C}$, 3 hr) in Ar-10%N$_2$ deposition atmosphere. Under optimum conditions, the CrN thin-films for strain gauges is obtained a high resistivity, ρ=1147.65 $\mu$Ωcm, a low temperature coefficient of resistance, TCR=186ppm/$\^{C}$ and a high temporal stability with a good longitudinal, 11.17. The output sensitivity of fabricated CrN thin-film type pressure sensors is 2.36 mV/V, 4∼20nA and the maximum non-linearity is 0.4%FS and hysteresis is less than 0.2%FS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2003.05e
• /
• pp.108-111
• /
• 2003

The main objective of this paper is to module design and pressure relief test a new type of polymer gapless surge arrester for power distribution line. Metal oxide surge arrester for most electric power system applications, power distribution line and electric train are now being used extensively to protect overvoltage due to lightning. Surge arresters with porcelain housing must not have explosive breakage of the housing to minimize damage to other equipment when subjected to internal high short circuit current. When breakdown of gapless elements in a surge arrester occurs due to flashover, fault short current flows through the arrester and internal pressure of the arrester rises. The pressure rise can usually be limited by fitting a pressure relief diaphragm and transferring the arc from the inside to the outside of the housing. However, there is possibility of porcelain fragmentation caused by the thermal shock, pressure rise, etc. Non-fragmenting of the housing is the most desired way to prevent damage to other equipment. The pressure change which is occurred by flashover become discharge energy. This discharge energy raises to damage arrester housing and arrester housing is dispersed as small fragment. Therefore, the pressure relief design is requested to obstruct housing dispersion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2001.07a
• /
• pp.737-740
• /
• 2001

This paper describes the fabrication and characteristics of CrN thin-film type pessure sensors, which the sensing elements were deposited on SUS. 630 diaphragm by DC reactive magnetron sputtering in an argon-nitride atmosphere(Ar-(10%)N$_2$). The optimized condition of CrN thin-film sensing elements was thickness range of 3500${\AA}$ and annealing condition(300$^{\circ}C$, 3 hr) in Ar-10 %N$_2$deposition atmosphere. Under optimum conditions, the CrN thin-films for strain gauges is obtained a high resistivity, $\rho$=1147.65 ${\mu}$$\Omega$cm, a low temperature coefficient of resistance, TCR=-186 ppm/$^{\circ}C$ and a high temporal stability with a good longitudinal, 11.17. The output sensitivity of fabricated CrN thin-film type pressure sensors is 2.36 mV/V, 4∼20 mA and the maximum non-linearity is 0.4 %FS and hysteresis is less than 0.2 %FS.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.383-386
• /
• 2002

This paper reports on the fluid flow simulation results of an active microvalve. The mechanical and fluidic analysis are done by finite element method. The designed structure is normally closed microvalve using buckling effect, which is consist of three separate structures; a valve seat die, an actuator die and a small piezoelectric actuator. It is confirmed that the complete laminar flow and the lowest flow leakage are strongly depend on the valve seat geometry. In addition, turbulent flow was occurs in valve outlet according to increase seat dimension, height and inlet pressure. From this, we was deducts the optimum geometry of the valve seat and diaphragm deflection that have an great influence fluid flow in microvalve. Thus, it is expected that our simulation results would be apply for constructing integrated chemical analyzing system or drug delivery system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2005.05b
• /
• pp.175-179
• /
• 2005

The main objective of this paper is to module design and pressure relief test a new type of polymer gapless surge arrester for power distribution line. Metal oxide surge arrester for most electric power system applications, power distribution line and electric train are now being used extensively to protect overvoltage due to lightning. Surge arresters with porcelain housing must not have explosive breakage of the housing to minimize damage to other equipment when subjected to internal high short circuit current. When breakdown of gapless elements in a surge arrester occurs due to flashover, fault short current flows through the arrester and internal pressure of the arrester rises. The pressure rise can usually be limited by fitting a pressure relief diaphragm and transferring the arc from the inside to the outside of the housing. However, there is possibility of porcelain fragmentation caused by the thermal shock, pressure rise, etc. Non-fragmenting of the housing is the most desired way to prevent damage to other equipment. The pressure change which is occurred by flashover become discharge energy. This discharge energy raises to damage arrester housing and arrester housing is dispersed as small fragment. Therefore, the pressure relief design is requested to obstruct housing dispersion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2006.06a
• /
• pp.352-353
• /
• 2006

가스센서용 마이크로 히터 제작에는 표연 마이크로 머시닝 또는 벌크 마이크로머시닝 기술을 이용한다. 표면 마이크로 머시닝에 의한 마이크로 히터 (MHP) 구조의 경우, 기판과 박막간의 폭이 좁기 때문에 에칭 공정 후 세정이 잘 이루어지지 않으면 열적 절연이 잘 이루어지지 않아서 히터와 센서의 성능을 저하시키는 원인이 된다. 본 연구에서는 표면 마이크로 머시닝 기술에 의한 가스 센서용 마이크로 히터를 제작한다. $SiO_2$와 $Si_3N_4$를 성분으로 하며, $100{\mu}m\;{\times}\;100{\mu}m$의 면적과 350 nm 의 두께를 갖는 가스 센서용 마이크로 히터를 제작하였다. 이를 위하여 ANSYS를 통한 유한요소해석에 의한 열분포 해석으로 최적구조를 확인하였다. 센서로의 열 전달 효율을 높이기 위해 센서 박막은 히터 위에 적층하였다. 실리콘 표면과 마이크로 히터와의 간격은 에칭 공정을 통하여 $2{\mu}m$로 하였으며, 이 공간에서는 에칭 및 세정 후에 이물질이 깨끗이 세정되지 않고 남아 있거나, 습식 공정 중에 수분의 장력에 의한 열전연성이 나빠질 수 있는 등 단점이 있다. 이는 건식 등방성 에칭 공정을 통하여 해결하였다.