• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2012

When two speakers read a text together, the produced speech has been shown to reduce a high degree of variability (e.g., pause duration and placement, and speech rate). This paper provides a quantitative analysis of speech rate variation exhibited in synchronous speech by examining the global and local patterns in two dialects of Mandarin Chinese (Taiwan and Shanghai). We analyzed the speech data in terms of mean speech rate and the reference of "Just Noticeable difference (JND)" within a subject and across subjects. Our findings show that speakers show lower and less variable speech rates when they read a text synchronously than when they read alone. This global pattern is observed consistently across speakers and dialects maintaining the unique local variation patterns of speech rate for each dialect. We conclude that paired speakers lower their speech rates and decrease the variability in order to ensure the synchrony of their speech.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
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• 제31_32호
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• pp.83-95
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to study deletion of the Arabic glottal stop /'/ in Literary Arabic(LA) and Cairene Arabic(CA). Arabic has a diglossia structure - Literary and Colloquial Arabic. The former is the standard and written language, while the latter is the oral language used in dialects of many areas. Of the various Colloquial Arabic dialects the Cairene Arabic is the most influential and powerful dialect, hence it was chosen as the subject study. In this paper the followings are found: (1) The deletion of the Arabic glottal stop /'/ in CA is found much more frequently than that in LA (2) In a word the deletion is found more frequently in the middle position than in the initial or final position, in which /'/ is sometimes converted weak consonants /w/ or /y/.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2022년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.333-335
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• 2022

음성인식 처리기술의 발전은 STT, TTS 기술과 함께 각종 동영상, 스트리밍 서비스에서 적용되어 사용되고 있다. 그러나 실제 대화내용의 음성인식은 사투리 사용과 불용어, 감탄사, 유사어의 중복 등으로 명료한 문어체적 표현에 장벽이 높은 편이다. 본 연구에서는 음성인식에 모호한 사투리에 대해 범주별 사투리 중요 단어 사전 처리 방식과 사투리 운율을 음성 인식 네트워크 모델 속성으로 적용한 음성인식기술을 제안한다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2021

말소리의 음향 특징을 이용하여 화자에 대한 중요한 사회, 언어학적 정보를 얻을 수 있는데 그 중 한 가지 핵심 특징은 방언이다. 화자의 방언 사용은 컴퓨터와의 상호작용을 방해하는 주요 요소이다. 방언은 발화의 음소, 음절, 단어, 문장 및 구와 같이 다양한 수준에서 구분할 수 있지만 이를 하나하나 식별하여 방언을 구분하기는 어렵다. 이에 본 논문에서는 음성 데이터의 특성 중 MFCC만 사용하는 경량화된 한국어 방언 분류 모델을 제안한다. 한국인 대화 음성 데이터를 통해 MFCC 특징을 활용하는 최적의 방법을 연구하고, 8가지 머신 러닝 및 딥러닝 분류 모델에서 경기/서울, 강원, 충청, 전라, 경상 5개의 한국어 방언 분류 성능을 비교한다. MFCC를 정규화하는 방법으로 대부분의 분류 모델에서 성능을 향상시켰으며, MFCC를 정규화하기 전 분류 모델의 최고 성능과 비교하여 정확도는 1.07%, F1-score는 2.04% 향상된 성능을 기록하였다.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.927-937
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• 2018

본 논문은 공학적 응용의 기초가 되는 신호 처리의 관점에서 한국어의 평양 지역어의 자음과 서울 지역어의 자음에 대한 비교 연구를 수행하였다. 지금까지 대다수의 음성학적 연구는 언어의 진화에서 중요한 역할을 하는 모음을 중심으로 이루어져 왔다. 그러나 어떤 언어든 거의 모든 경우 자음의 수가 모음의 수보다 많다. 따라서 자음에 대한 음성학적 연구 또한 언어 연구에서 중요한 것이다. 본 논문은 음운론적 또는 실험음성학적 방법들로 진행된 평양 지역어의 모음 연구에 더하여 공학적인 방법으로 자음 연구를 수행하였다. 평양 지역어와 서울 지역어에서 음가상 많은 차이를 보이는 치경 자음을 데이터로 하였고 음성신호의 주요한 파라미터들 - 포먼트 주파수, 피치, 스펙트로그램 등 - 을 측정하였다. 한국어 /시/와 /씨/에 대한 두 지역어의 음가를 비교하였다. 이러한 연구는 앞으로 음성 인식과 음성 합성을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 인문언어
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• 제8집
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• pp.313-329
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• 2006

In some American English dialects, the vowels /a:/ or /c:/ have been replaced with /a:/, as in caught /ka:t/ dog /da:g/ that were pronounced in /kc:t/, and /dc:g/ previously. General American does not have /a:/ in its vowel system. But in East American and Western Pensylvania, cot and caught are homophones, /ka:t/, and similarly with other pairs such as collar vs. caller, stock vs. stalk, don vs. down, knotty vs. naughty. The use of /a/ or /c/ is quite unstable, and is a well-known diagnostic for distinguishing the northern speech area of the United States from the midland and southern area. For an increasing number of Americans, however, entirely lack the opposition between /a/ and /c/, merging to /a/, referring to 'both' of the vowels of lot. This paper investigates the use of /b:/ in American dialects and its relationship with /a:/, /c:/ in AE, and with short /a/ in RP. Examining the isoglosses of the use of /a:/ in various databases of the phonological atlas of North America, this paper discusses the use, position, and trend of merger to /a:/ from the vowels of /a:/ and /c:/ in Current American English.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.139-150
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• 2015

The data accumulated in this database will be used to develop a speaker identification system. This may also be applied towards, but not limited to, fields of phonetic studies, sociolinguistics, and language pathology. We plan to supplement the large-scale speech corpus next year, in terms of research methodology and content, to better answer the needs of diverse fields. The purpose of this study is to develop a speech corpus for standard Korean speech. For the samples to viably represent the state of spoken Korean, demographic factors were considered to modulate a balanced spread of age, gender, and dialects. Nine separate regional dialects were categorized, and five age groups were established from individuals in their 20s to 60s. A speech-sample collection protocol was developed for the purpose of this study where each speaker performs five tasks: two reading tasks, two semi-spontaneous speech tasks, and one spontaneous speech task. This particular configuration of sample data collection accommodates gathering of rich and well-balanced speech-samples across various speech types, and is expected to improve the utility of the speech corpus developed in this study. Samples from 639 individuals were collected using the protocol. Speech samples were collected also from other sources, for a combined total of samples from 1,012 individuals.

• 음성과학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.25-47
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• 2002

Human language activity in the information society has been developing the communication system between humans and machines. The aim of this study was to analyze dialectal speech in Korea. One hundred Kyungsang and one hundred Cholla informants participated in this study. A CSL and Flexible laryngeal fiberscope were used for analysis of the acoustic and glottal gestures of all the vowels and consonants. Test words were made on the picture cards and letter cards which contained each vowel and each consonant, respectively. The dialogue between the examiner and the informants was recorded in a question and answer manner. The acoustic results of two dialects were as follows: Kyungsang and Cholla informants showed neutralization between /e/ and /$\varepsilon$. However, the apertures of Kyungsang vowels /i, w, u, o/ were higher than those of Cholla vowels. The /wi/ and /$\varepsilon$/ of Kyungsang Diphthong vowels were shown as simple vowels /i/ and /$\varepsilon$/ in Cholla dialect. The VOT of Cholla dilaect was longer than that of Kyungsang dialect. The fricative frequence of Kyurlgsang dialect was about 1000Hz higher than that of Cholla dialect. The glottal widths on fiberscopic images showed that the consonant durations of Kyungsang and Cholla dialects were correlated all together with the acoustic duration on the spectrogram.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.9-22
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to report the whole process of developing Korean Standard Speech Database (KSS DB). This project is supported by SPO (Supreme Prosecutors' Office) research grant for three years from 2014 to 2016. KSS DB is designed to provide speech data for acoustic-phonetic and phonological studies and speaker recognition system. For the samples to represent the spoken Korean, sociolinguistic factors, such as region (9 regional dialects), age (5 age groups over 20) and gender (male and female) were considered. The goal of the project is to collect over 3,000 male and female speakers of nine regional dialects and five age groups employing direct and indirect methods. Speech samples of 3,191 speakers (2,829 speakers and 362 speakers using direct and indirect methods, respectively) are collected and databased. KSS DB designs to collect read and spontaneous speech samples from each speaker carrying out 5 speech tasks: three (pseudo-)spontaneous speech tasks (producing prolonged simple vowels, 28 blanked sentences and spontaneous talk) and two read speech tasks (reading 55 phonetically and phonologically rich sentences and reading three short passages). KSS DB includes a 16-bit, 44.1kHz speech waveform file and a orthographic file for each speech task.

• 인문언어
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• 제8집
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• pp.265-289
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• 2006

The geographical characteristics of Yeongdong(永同) the southernmost part of the Chungcheongbukdo province, has attracted attention among the academic circle as one of the dialectal contact regions since it adjoins the Gyeongsang and Jeolla dialects. Unlike the local language in Mooju (Jellado dialect) adjacent to the Southwest part, the local language in Yeongdong is quite different from that of Kimcheon (Gyeongsang dialect). More specifically, it is noteworthy that the boundary line of the Gyeongsang dialect is found in this region, which is different from the administrative division. In other words, the local language in Yeongdong is divided into the Chungcheong dialect and the Gyeongsang dialect, and furthermore each dialect region still has the characteristics of the other region's dialect. For example, the phonological structure of Yeongdong Chungcheongdo dialect has very unique characteristics of the fudged dialect, which is seemingly influenced by the Gyeongsang dialect. The present study is to define the bottom boundary line of the southeast area of the Chungcheong dialect by identifying the boundary line between the Gyeongsang dialect and the Chungcheong dialect, and to clarify its specific sound system generated by the contact of these two dialects. For this, the author collected and analyzed data of the local language around Yeongdong and adjacent areas. It was found that Cheongwha-ri, Deokjin-ri, and Sanjeo-ri at Yeongsan-myeon, and Mugeunjeom, Sangga-ri, and Jungga-ri at Yeongdong-eup, among the regions that belongs to Chungcheong dialect within the local language of Yeongdong, show the characteristics of the Gyeongsang dialect. Accordingly, the western areas of these villages become the southeast boundary line of the Chungcheong dialect. Also, the unique phonological characteristics of the Yeongdong Chungcheong dialect is affected by the Gyeongsang dialect, among which "rhythms, y deletion, nasal phoneme deletion, and w deletion" appeared. It is thought to be the unique fudged dialectal phenomenon that appeared only in this region. The research result is expected to be of some help in finding out various aspects of dialectal contacts as well as clarifying the phonological features of the local language in Yeongdong, and thereby contributing to exact divisioning of the Chungcheong dialect.