• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.371-374
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• 2017

Ganglioneuroma (GN) is a rare benign tumor of neural crest origin usually found in the abdomen, but may occasionally present at uncommon sites including the cervical, lumbar, or sacral spine. However, GNs of thoracic spine are extremely rare. In this report, we describe a 12-year-old girl with giant GN in the thoracic spine, who underwent successful resection (T1-4 level) of the tumor. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. GN should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any paraspinal mass. A high index of suspicion and correlation of clinico-radiological findings is necessary in differentiating a large benign tumor from a malignant growth. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice; however tumor size and location need to be considered for the surgical approach (one-step or multiple surgeries). Close follow-up after surgery is mandatory.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07b
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• pp.1374-1376
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• 2000

In this paper, sample coils for stator form-wound winding of traction motor were tested by the accelerative thermal degradation, which composed of heat, vibration, moisture and overvoltage applying. Reliability and expected life were evaluated on the insulation system for 200 class traction motor. After aging of 10 cycles, insulation resistance and PI properties were investigated as diagnosis tests in the range of $20{\sim}160^{\circ}C$. Analysis of polarization properties was performed on the base of do current-time change.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• v.5A no.3
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• pp.280-285
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• 2005

This paper proposes a novel method for determining the kind and rating of power quality solutions. To determine the kind of solution, event cause and direction are utilized. According to the event cause and direction, an adequate type of solution is determined for effective compensation. To rate the required capacity of solution, the concept of lost energy is adopted. Lost voltage, lost power and lost energy are calculated and the rating of the solution is determined to compensate a specific event. The rating method that utilizes the result of stochastic diagnosis is also proposed. A power quality index such as CP95 is adopted for solution suggestion. The method developed in this paper is applied to the test system and proved to be useful for enhancing the power quality of the customer system. It can provide customers with information pertaining to what is a proper and cost-effective solution among various compensating devices.

• Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.111-114
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• 2018

Adding to the complexity of caring for critically ill patients is the fact that many of them have a creatinine clearance that exceeds $130mL/min/1.73m^2$. This phenomenon, termed augmented renal clearance (ARC), has only recently been widely recognized and its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. However, ARC has been shown to result in increased dose requirements for drugs that are primarily eliminated by renal excretion, including many antimicrobial agents and enoxaparin. Recognition of ARC is hampered by the fact that the standard creatinine-based equations used to estimate renal function are not accurate in this clinical setting and the diagnosis is best established using both serum and urine creatinine measurements to calculate clearance. So a high index of clinical suspicion and awareness is usually required before this step is taken to confirm the diagnosis of ARC.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.416-420
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• 2023

Blunt intrathoracic tracheal injuries are rare, even among blunt chest trauma patients. An early diagnosis based on a high index of suspicion allows for timely surgical management of potentially fatal airway trauma, thereby improving overall outcomes. Diagnosing these injuries can be difficult due to their nonspecific clinical features and the occasional difficulty in radiologic diagnosis. If a patient exhibits respiratory compromise with difficult ventilation and poor lung expansion, despite the insertion and management of an intercostal drain following high-energy blunt trauma, there should be a heightened suspicion of potential airway trauma. The aim of primary repair is to restore airway integrity and to minimize the loss of pulmonary parenchyma function. This case report discusses the rare clinical presentation of a patient with blunt trauma to the intrathoracic airway, the surgical management thereof, and his overall outcome. Although blunt traumatic injuries of the trachea are extremely rare and often fatal, early surgical intervention can potentially reduce the risk of mortality.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.252-269
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• 1994

This study was conducted to the early diagnosis of injuries on needles of conifer by acid rain and air pollutants in metropolitan area, Korea. It was executed to calculate of injured index, contact angle measurement, nutrient content analysis in needles, analysis of soil chemical properties from June 1990 to June 1991. The sensitive species (Picea abies, Abies holophylla) for acid rain and air pollutants were used as the study materials. And the results from this study were as follows : Degree of Injured index was divided into three groups in June 1990. The first group (not injured sites) was Kwangnung and Yangpyung. The Second group (slight injured sites) was Inchon, Boramae Park, Kwachun, Seoul Women's Univ., Anyng, and Yangsuri. The third group (serious injured sites) was Namsan, Seoul City Univ., Children's Park, and Kumgok Royal Tomb. But, Inchon, Kwachon area were changed from slight injured areas to serious injured areas in December 1990. As time goes on, the degree of injured gets worse. In contact angle analysis, value of December 1990 was lower than that of June 1990, especially, that of two-year-needle were lower than of one-year-needle. The correlation between injured Index and contact angle was significantly negative. In the result of needle nutrients analysis of Picea abies, Abies hozophylla, Ca, Mg, K contents was higher in December 1990 than that in June 1991 and that of one-year-needle were prominantly higher than that of two-year-needle. In case of wax quantity analysis in injured area, the older the leaf age is, the smaller the contented wax quantity is. In injured area, the higher a leaf age is, the much that of index is. As a result, the method of analysis referred in the former, is applied by a complementary cooperation. That of method is done sustainably in the future, the correct results will be expected.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2018

Liver size is an important component in the diagnosis and follow-up of diffuse liver disease when testing for liver disease using ultrasonography. However, difficulties lies in determining the presence of hepatomegaly and liver atrophy because the method used for measuring liver size differs from one examiner to another and there is no relevant standard based on body build. The present study aims to propose a more objective method for liver size measurement and a reference range based on body build. A total of 260 normal adults (130 males, 130 females) participated in the study. Ultrasonography was performed in all participants to measure the size of the right lobe, left lobe, quadrate lobe, and caudate lobe of liver. Based on Physique Index(PI), a value derived from multiplying weight(kg) by height($m^2$), size of physique was divided into three groups including Group I with PI<150, Group II with $150{\leq}PI{\leq}250$, and Group III with PI>250. Thus, mean liver size by PI and a reference range with 95% reliability were suggested. The superoinferior diameter of right lobe was $12.34{\pm}1.18cm$ in males and $11.07{\pm}0.93cm$ in females, and its reference range was 10.64~11.0cm for Group I, 11.78~12.12cm for Group II, and 13.02~13.84cm for Group III. The anteroposterior diameter(T) of left lobe was $5.93{\pm}1.09cm$ in males and $5.18{\pm}0.99cm$ in females, and its reference range was 4.77~5.17cm for Group I, 5.49~5.79cm for Group II, and 6.68~7.44cm for Group III. The transverse diameter was $3.51{\pm}0.60cm$ in male participants and $3.42{\pm}0.49cm$ in female participants and its reference range was 3.29~3.51cm for Group I, 3.36~3.55cm for Group II, and 3.52~4.0cm for Group III. The caudate lobe index was $11.65{\pm}2.88cm^2$ in males and $9.62{\pm}2.18cm^2$ in females and its reference range was $8.83{\sim}9.75cm^2$ for Group I, $10.62{\sim}11.47cm^2$ for Group II, and $11.89{\sim}14.26cm^2$ for Group III. As a basic measurement method of liver size, the present study suggests measuring the superoinferior diameter for right liver lobe, the anteroposterior diameter for left liver lobe, the transverse diameter for quadrate lobe, and the caudate lobe index for caudate lobe. It is expected that this method along with its relevant reference range can be used as useful indicators in determining hepatomegaly and liver atrophy upon the diagnosis and follow-up testing of diffuse liver disease.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.4 s.48
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• pp.747-761
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• 1994

Workers' periodic health examination is the main tools used to manage the health problems of most workers in Korea. The most common health problem found in workers' periodic health examination is liver disorder. Liver disorder is also one of the most common health problems in general population and one of the leading causes of mortality in adult population. Regulation proposed by government (No. 207, Ministry of Labor, 1992) defines the criteria for selection of workers with the liver dysfunction for further evaluative examination and the examination items used for diagnosis of the workers with liver dysfunction. This study was designed to evaluate the proficiency of each examination items presently defined in Regulation and propose the optimal examination items for detection of the liver disorders found by workers' periodic health examination. Study subjects are 186 workers with abnormal liver function tests in screening examination of workers' periodic health examination. Questionnaire survey including past history of liver disorder, drinking history, height and weight was done. Physical examination by physician, routine test items defined by Regulation (SGOT, SGPT, $\gamma$-GTP, protein, albumin, total and direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, $\alpha$-feto protein, HBsAg and anti-HBs), anti-HCV antibody test and liver ultrasonography were done. Results are as follows; 1. Result of evaluative examination utilizing only the items defined in Regulation was; There were 75 workers with suspected live. disorder(40.3%), 63 with no liver dysfunction (33.9%), 13 with suspected hepatitis B(7.0%), 10 workers with hepatitis B(5.4%), 10 workers with hepatitis B carrier state(5.4%), 10 with alcoholic liver disorders(5.4%), 5 with fatty liver(2.7%). When alternative diagnostic criteria applying additional examination items (drinking history, body mass index, anti-HCV antibody and ultrasonography) diagnosability of liver disorder was increased. When all four items were included, final results were; 23 workers (17.8%) with hepatitis B (10 carriers, 13 suspects and 10 hepatitis B), 10 (5.4%) with hepatitis C(4 carriers, 5 suspects and 1 hepatitis C), 13(7.0%) with alcoholic liver disorder, 45(24.2%) with fatty liver (40 suspects, 5 fatty liver), 410%) with suspected liver disorders and 44 (23.7%) with normal liver. 2. Of examination items defined by Regulation, only SGOT, SGPT, $\gamma$-GTP and HBsAg were significantly different in abnormal rate and mean value, and all other laboratory findings did not showed significant difference between two groups. Drinking history, body mass index and anti-HCV antibody test which are the items that authors included in this study, also showed significant difference between two groups. Utilization of body mass index (BMI) for abnormal liver function group in diagnosis of fatty liver had high specificity (97.6%) but sensitivity (22.3%) was low. Therefore we suggest that SGOT, SGPT, $\gamma$-GTP, HBsAg, alcohol drinking history, BMI and anti-HCV Ab were useful for diagnosis of liver disorders among worker's periodic health examination.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.7
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• pp.182-190
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• 2017

Background: Baekdudaegan was designated in 2005 as a protected area to prevent destruction and conserve. However, there are many disturbed and destroyed areas. The total disturbed area amounts to $25.9km^2$ (0.94%), including $13.4km^2$ (0.49%) in the core area and $12.5km^2$ (0.45%) in the buffer area. This study aims to classify the vegetation types established in the disturbed areas and diagnose the current conditions for ecological restoration in the forest ecosystem. Methods: We surveyed the vegetation in the disturbed areas of Daegwallyeong and Chupungryeong and the surrounding natural areas. The survey conducted from July to September 2015 targeted a total of 54 quadrats by Braun-Blanquet method (Daegwallyeong, 22; Chupungryeong, 32). We also investigated the height and coverage of each layer. We classified the vegetation types based on the field data and analyzed the ratio of life form and the exotic plants, species richness, and vegetation index (Hcl). The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated from rapideye satellite imagery in 2014 and 2015. Results: Vegetation types were classified into 11 groups according to the criteria that included successional sere or plantation at first, followed by developmental stage and origins. As a result of the analysis of the survey data, species richness, vegetation index (Hcl), ratio of tree plants, and the NDVI tended to increase, while the ratio of the exotic plants tended to decrease with the time since disturbance. These indicators had the classified values according to the vegetation types with time since the disturbance. Conclusions: These indicators can be effectively used to diagnose the conditions of the present vegetation in the disturbed area of the Baekdudaegan area. In addition, the NDVI might be effective for the diagnosis of the disturbed status instead of the human efforts based on the higher spatial resolution of satellite imagery. Appropriate diagnosis of the disturbed forests in the Baekdudaegan area considering the established vegetation types is essential for the elaboration of restoration plans. In addition, restoration target and level should be different according to the disturbed status of restoration site.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.482-495
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• 2019

Background: An important function of the regional public hospital is to satisfy the basic medical needs of the community through the stable provision of high-quality medical services. The purpose of this study was to identify the relevance index (RI) of the regional public hospital and to identify the factors that affect the RI. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2017 regional public hospital operation evaluation report and 2017 medical monitoring report for vulnerable area. RI of the regional public hospital was a dependent variable, and multiple regression analysis was performed with observed variables of medical supply-demand condition, medical supply, and medical supply structure. Direct effects and indirect effects were confirmed by the analysis of structural equation models (SEM) to see if there were mediating effects. Results: The RI was 13.1%, and the average of all percentage refined diagnosis-related group (RDRG) was 29.4%. Factors affecting RI were medical supply-demand conditions, medical supply, and medical supply structure. As a result of multiple regression analysis, RI was higher when high percentage RDRG of the regional public hospital (t=4.117, p<0.05), the size of regional public hospital location (t=-2.554, p<0.05), and the population of regional public hospital location (t =-2.415, p<0.05) were smaller. The results of the SEM analysis show that the higher the medical supply-demand conditions, the more direct effect of decreasing the RI and the indirect effect of decreasing the effect of reduction through the medical supply (direct effect=-1.322, total effect=-0.573, p<0.01). The higher the medical supply structure, the more direct effect on the RI (direct effect=1.047, p<0.05) and the higher the medical supply, the more indirect effect of RI through the medical supply structure (total effect=direct effect=0.619, p<0.05). Conclusion: It has been confirmed that the provision of medical services can affect the RI the regional public hospital which should be considered in carrying out future policies.