• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2010

Liriope platyphylla has been though as an useful medical plant to improve the cough, sputum, neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, and diabetes in Korea and China from old times. In order to investigate the effects of Liriope platyphylla on expression and secretion of nerve growth factor (NGF), the mRNA expression and protein secretion were detected in the neuronal cell (B35) and neuroglial cell (C6) cultured with three differences concentration (5%, 10%, 15%) of Liriope platyphylla. In MTT assay and FACS anslysis, the some death of some B35 and C6 cells were observed in 15% extract-treated group, while other groups did not induce the death. Also, the mRNA expression of NGF were significantly increased in 5% and 10% extracts treated-group. Furthermore, the NGF protein concentration in supernatant collected from cultured cells showed the very similar pattern with mRNA expression. In order to verify the activity of secreted NGF, the culture supernatant collected from B35 and C6 cells cultured with Liriope platyphylla extracts for 24 hrs were treated into undifferentiated PC12 cells, and the differentiation level of PC12 cell were also observed with microscopes. The differentiation level of PC12 cell were significantly increased depend on the dose of extract. Therefore, these results suggested that the water extracts of Liriope platyphylla may contribute the regulation of NGF expression and secretion in the neuronal cell and be considered as an excellent candidate for a neurodegenerative disease-therapeutic drug.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.423-430
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• 2001

Objects: The purpose of this case-control study was done to examine the relationship between stroke prevalence and the anthropometric indices(body mass index(BMI), modified Broca's method(Broca's index), waist circumference(WC), waist-hip ratio(WHR)), dyslipidemia, past medical history(heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus(DM)), life-style factors(smoking, drinking) in Korean adults. Methods : The study group consisted of neurologically confirmed 116 stroke patients as the case group and 116 non-stroke patients as control group. Obesity were defined as $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2,\;Broca's\;index{\geq}30%$, WC >94cm in male and WC >80cm in female, $WHR{\geq}0.9$ in male and $WHR{\geq}0.8$ in female. Oyslipidemia were defined as total $cholesterol{\geq}200mg/dl,\;triglyceride{\geq}200mg/dl,\;HDL-cholesterol {\leq}35mg/dl,\;LDL-cholesterol{\geq}160mg/dl$. Information on life-style factors and past medical history was obtained from personal interview. The analysis of the data was done by means of chi-square test(Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test) and student t-test. Results: The results were as follow. In the study group: Hypertension had a 4:05 odds ratio, Broca's $index{\geq}30%$ had a 1.98 odds ratio, WC >94cm in male had a 2.17 odds ratio, WC >80cm in female had a 2.80 odds ratio, $WHR{\geq}0.9$ in male had a 4.66 odds ratio, $WHR{\geq}0.8$ in female had a 5.35 odds ratio, but heart disease, DM, life-style factors, serum lipid and 8MI had no direct relationship with odds ratio(nonsignificant). By student t-test, risk factors for stroke were found to be total cholesterol(p=0,025), LDL-cholesterol(p=0.013), WC(p=0.000) and WHR(p=0.000). Conclusions: This study suggests that people should be advised to control hyperlitension, hyperlipidemia and obesity since these carry a risk of stroke.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.164-176
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• 2016

This study was perfomed to investigate the effects of Chunghyul-plus(CHP) on oxidative damage and hyperlipidemia in db/db mouse. After treatment with CHP, safety in cytotoxicity, heavy metal toxicity, production of reactive oxygen species(ROS), nitric oxide (N0) and proinflammatory cytokine IL-Ib, TNF-a, IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. Serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, GLP-1, glucose, food intake, body weight, organ weight, AST, ALT, ALP, BUN, creatine and histologic change of liver and aorta were measured in db/db mouse after oral administration of CHP. CHP showed safety in cytotoxicity and toxicity of liver and kidney for logn time administration. CHP increased the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. CHP showed significant inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS), and showed inhibitory effect on nitiric oxide(NO) compared to control group. CHP decreased cytokine IL-6 production significantly, and decreased IL-1β and TNF-α compared to control group. CHP decreased body and organ weitht, intake food, and glucose levels compared to control group. CHP decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride significantly, and decreased LDL-cholesterol levels and increased HDL-cholesterol levels compared to control group. CHP decreased atherogenic index and cardiac risk factor significantly. CHP increased serum insulin and GLP-1 compared to control group. In histologic examination, lipophagy in the liver and aorta decreased in CHP treated mice and the cell was regular and boundary of vessel wall was clear compared to control group. These results suggest that CHP is effective in antioxidation activity and treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, stroke and other cardiocerebrovascular disease.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.115-126
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• 2001

1988년 Reaven이 인슐린저항성증후군(insulin resistance syndrome)의 개념을 처음 소개한 후 전세계적으로 관심이 증가하고 있다. 인슐린저항성증후군은 대사성증후군 (metabolic syndrome), X 증후군(syndrome X)이라고도 하며, 인슐린 저항성에 따른 고인슐린혈증, 내당능장애(impaired glucose tolerance)와 2형 당뇨병(인슐린 비의존형 당뇨병), 이상지질혈증(dyslipidemia), 고혈압 등 일련의 질환은 동일인에서 흔히 병발하고, 이들은 모두 죽상경화증(atherosclerosis)의 위험인자라는 관점에서 상호연관성을 갖는 질환군이라는 개념이다. 2형 당뇨병은 인슐린에 대한 말초조직의 저항성과 상대적으로 감소된 인슐린 분비능의 결과라고 할 수 있다. 또한 상당수의 2형 당뇨병은 비만, 특히 복부비만을 동반하고 있으며, 비만은 그 자체로 인슐린 저항성을 유발한다. 결국 인슐린 저항성이 장기간 개선되지 못하게 되면 2형 당뇨병이 유발되게 된다. 따라서 2형 당뇨병에 대한 최선의 치료는 혈당조절 뿐만 아니라 인슐린 저항성과 관련된 심혈관계 위험인자를 개선시키는 것을 목표로 해야 한다. 그 증거로 당뇨병 조절과 관련한 대규모 전향적 연구인 UKPDS(United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study)의 결과를 보면, 2형 당뇨병에서 설폰요소제(sulfonylurea)나 인슐린으로 10년동안 혈당조절을 했을 때 미세혈관 합병증은 의미있게 감소시켰으나 대혈관 합병증의 발생률은 의미있는 감소를 보이지 못하였다. 반면 대혈관 합병증이 미세혈관 합병증보다 사망에 기여하는 비율이 70배 이상이라는 사실은 당뇨병의 치료가 혈당조절에만 초점이 맞추어져서는 안 되며 심혈관계 위험인자를 개선시키는 치료가 동시에 진행되어야 한다는 점을 시사한다.시료에서 매우 드물게 관찰된다. 음극선발광(cathodoluminescence) 영상의 해석을 통해 저어콘 결정의 성장사를 유추하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 이온현미분석 점(spot)을 정하였다. U-Pb-Th 자료는 퍼스(Perth) 저어콘 스탠다드 (CZ3, 564 Ma, $^{206}$Pb/$^{238}$U=0.0914)를 사용하였다. 아래에 기술하는 연대는 모두 $^{206}$Pb/$^{238}$U 연대에 해당된다. 두 개의 화강암질 편마암 시료로부터 구한 U-Pb 저어콘 연대는 각각 812 $\pm$ 14 Ma(1006-8)와 822 $\pm$ 17 Ma(1006-9)로 분석오차 내에서 서로 일치한다. 이 결과는 춘천 및 전곡 지역의 석류석 각섬암에서 보고된 Sm-Nd 전암연대(852 $\pm$ 24 Ma 및 824 $\pm$ 143 Ma; Lee and Cho, 1995; Ree et al., 1996)와 잘 부합한다. 따라서 후기 원생대 기간 중 화성활동이 한반도에서 광범위하게 일어났음을 시사한다. 한편, 1006-9 시료에서는 예외적으로 한 개의 저어콘 입자 주변부(rim)에서 매우 얇은 과성장띠가 관찰되었으며, 두 개의 점 분석으로부터 구한 U-Pb 저어콘 연대는 약 235 Ma이다. 이 띠는 또한 변성기원의 저어콘에서 흔히 관찰되는 작은 W (<0.05) 비를 보인다. 1006-5 시료는 위 두 시료로부터 수 km 떨어진 지점에서 채집하였으나, 저어콘 연대는 상이한 기록을 보여준다. 즉 매우 작은 Th/U (<0.01) 값을 갖는 저어콘의 주변부에서 223 $\pm$ 5 Ma의 연대가 잘 정의되며, 이는 1006-9 시료에서 관찰된 결과와

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.66-75
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• 2020

Saturated fatty acids contribute to β-cell dysfunction in the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cellular responses to lipotoxicity include oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and blockage of autophagy. Palmitate induces ER Ca²⁺ depletion followed by notable store-operated Ca²⁺ entry. Subsequent elevation of cytosolic Ca²⁺ can activate undesirable signaling pathways culminating in cell death. Mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uniporter (MCU) is the major route for Ca²⁺ uptake into the matrix and couples metabolism with insulin secretion. However, it has been unclear whether mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake plays a protective role or contributes to lipotoxicity. Here, we observed palmitate upregulated MCU protein expression in a mouse clonal β-cell, MIN6, under normal glucose, but not high glucose medium. Palmitate elevated baseline cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i) and reduced depolarization-triggered Ca²⁺ influx likely due to the inactivation of voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels (VGCCs). Targeted reduction of MCU expression using RNA interference abolished mitochondrial superoxide production but exacerbated palmitate-induced [Ca²⁺]_i overload. Consequently, MCU knockdown aggravated blockage of autophagic degradation. In contrast, co-treatment with verapamil, a VGCC inhibitor, prevented palmitate-induced basal [Ca²⁺]_i elevation and defective [Ca²⁺]_i transients. Extracellular Ca²⁺ chelation as well as VGCC inhibitors effectively rescued autophagy defects and cytotoxicity. These observations suggest enhanced mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake via MCU upregulation is a mechanism by which pancreatic β-cells are able to alleviate cytosolic Ca²⁺ overload and its detrimental consequences.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2017

Purpose: Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is an indicator of arterial stiffness, and is considered a marker of vascular damage. However, a genome-wide association study analyzing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) has not been conducted in healthy populations. We performed this study to identify SNPs associated with baPWV in healthy populations in Korea. Materials and Methods: Genomic SNPs data for 2,407 individuals from three sites were analyzed as part of the Korean Genomic Epidemiologic Study. Without replication samples, we performed multivariable analysis as a post hoc analysis to verify the findings in site adjusted analysis. Healthy subjects aged between 40 and 70 years without self-reported history or diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and cancer were included. We excluded subjects with a creatinine level >1.4 mg/dL (men) and 1.2 mg/dL (women). Results: In the site-adjusted association analysis, significant associations (P<$5{\times}10^{-8}$) with baPWV were detected for only 5 SNPs with low minor allele frequency. In multivariable analysis adjusted by age, sex, height, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, site, smoking, alcohol, and exercise, 11 SNPs were found to be associated (P<$5{\times}10^{-8}$) with baPWV. The 5 SNPs (P<$5{\times}10^{-8}$) linked to three genes (OPCML, PRR35 and RAB40C) were common between site-adjusted analysis and multivariable analysis. However, meta-analysis of the result from three sites for the 11 SNPs showed no significant associations. Conclusion: Using the recent standard for genome-wide association study, we did not find any evidence of significant association signals with baPWV.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2013

SPP를 첨가하여 제조한 빵(dinner roll) 반죽의 pH는 대조구와 실험구 사이에 차이가 없었다. SPP 첨가량과 반죽의 밀도 사이에는 강한 양의 상관관계를, 반죽의 발효팽창력 사이에는 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다. Dinner roll의 굽기손실율은 SPP의 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였으나, 비용적은 차이가 없었다. Dinner roll crust의 L value, b value, chroma 및 Hue angle은 대조구보다 SPP 첨가구가 유의적으로 낮았고, a value는 대조구보다 SPP 첨가구가 유의적으로 높았다. Crumb의 L value와 Hue angle은 대조구보다 SPP 첨가구가 유의적으로 낮았고, a value, b value 및 chroma는 대조구보다 SPP 첨가구가 유의적으로 높았다. SPP 첨가량과 dinner roll의 hardness 및 cohesiveness 사이에는 강한 양의 상관관계가 있었으나, springiness 및 chewiness와는 상관관계가 형성되지 않았다. Streptozotocin 투여로 당뇨병이 유발된 흰쥐에 SPP가 첨가된 dinner roll을 4주간 섭취시킨 결과, SPP 첨가구의 혈당 농도가 대조구보다 유의적으로 감소하였고, 이는 SPP에 함유된 ${\beta}$-carotene 때문인 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.349-355
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 상처치유(wound healing)와 같은 허혈성 심뇌혈관 질환의 잠재적 치료제로서 산양삼 추출물과 진세노사이드 Rg5의 가능성을 인간 제대정맥 내피세포인 HUVEC에서 확인하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 산양삼 추출물과 Rg5는 10-100 nM의 저농도에서 혈관신생 과정에서 발생하는 세포의 증식이나 이동, 관 형성과정을 유의적으로 증진시켰으며, 그 증가현상은 산양삼 추출물과 Rg5가 유사한 수준으로 발생하였다. 따라서 Rg5를 이용하여 혈관신생 과정에 관여하는 신호전달 메커니즘을 확인한 결과, Akt/eNOS와 ERK1/2의 인산화는 양성대조군으로 사용한 VEGF와 유사한 수준으로 증가되는 것을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 혈관 신생 유도인자이며 양성대조군인 VEGF의 혈관염증 관련 부작용이 Rg5의 혈관신생 효과에도 작용하는지 확인하기 위하여 혈관염증 관련 단백질인 ICAM-1과 VCAM-1의 발현량을 확인한 결과, ICAM-1과VCAM-1의 발현이 양성대조군인 VEGF에서는 유의적으로 증가하였으나 Rg5를 처리한 경우에는 일반 대조군과 유사한 수준으로 낮게 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 산양삼 추출물과 Rg5가 혈관신생 유도효과가 있으며, 이러한 현상은 Akt/eNOS와 ERK 관련 신호전달 메커니즘을 통해 진행되고 이러한 효과가 혈관염증은 유도하지 않는다는 것을 입증하였으며, 잠재적 치료제로서의 가능성을 확인하는 계기가 되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.1418-1425
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• 2000

아가리쿠스 버섯(동결 건조, 온풍 건조)에서 추출한 ${\beta}-glucan$을 7주령의 db/db마우스에 5주간 음용수로 제공하고 식이섭취량 및 체중의 변화를 관찰하고 혈액내의 포도당, 인슐린, 당화 헤모글로빈, 소장의 glycosidase의 활성을 측정하고 중성지방농도, 혈중 지질조성을 측정하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. db/db 마우스에서 Agari.F군과 Agari.H군은 식이섭취량에서 Control군보다 유의적으로 낮았고, 그에 따라 체중증가량도 낮았으며, 혈중 인슐린 농도와 당화헤모글로빈 농도는 Control군에 비해 Agari.F군, Agari.H군, Acarbose군이 유의적으로 낮은 수준이었다. 소장의 maltase, lactase, sucrase의 활성은 Control군에서 Lean군에 비해 세 효소의 활성이 매우 높게 관찰되었고, 시료투여군인 Agari.F군, Agari.H군은 maltase의 경우 proximal, middle 부위는 대조군보다 낮았고 distal 부위에서는 Agari.F군의 활성이 가장 높았다. Sucrase, lactase의 활성은 모든 부위에서 시료투여군이 Control군보다 낮은 수준이었다. 혈중 중성지방 농도는 Control군에 비해 Agari.F군, Agari.H군, Acarbose군은 유의적으로 낮은 수준이었다. 혈중 total cholesterol의 농도의 경우 Control군과 Agari.H군은 유의적인 차이가 없었지만 Agari.F군과 Acarbose군은 유의적으로 낮았다. 혈중 VLDL cholesterol의 경우는 Control군에 비해 Agari.F군, Agari.H군은 유의적으로 낮았고 Acarbose군은 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 혈중 LDL cholesterol의 농도는 Control군이 유의적으로 높았으며, Acarbose군이 가장 낮았다. 혈중 HDL cholesterol의 농도는 Agari.H군이 유의적으로 가장 높았고, Control군이 가장 낮았다.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2001

Background : Nervous system dysfunction is a major complication of end stage renal disease. Although severe neurologic symptoms are partially or completely reversed by adequate hemodialysis, even optimally dialyzed patients will usually not return to normal neurocognitive function. To investigate the influence of chronic renal failure and hemodialysis on higher cognitive function electrophysiologically, we studied auditory P300 event-related potentials in 14 hemodialysis patients and 14 age- and sex-matched normal healthy controls. Methods : The subjects consisted of 14 patients(M: 6, F: 8) with chronic renal failure(CRF) for 1 to 10 years and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy controls(M: 5, F: 9). For the reliability of study, patients with diabetes mellitus, abnormal brain CT findings, or low mini-mental state score(below 20) were excluded. Event related potentials(ERPs) for hemodialysis patients were performed at pre- and post-hemodialysis. To obtain ERPs, subjects underwent 2-tone auditory discrimination test(oddball paradigm). Results : Although the age(control: $48.79{\pm}10.31years$, CRF: $51.21{\pm}7.61years$) and mini-mental state score(control: $27.00{\pm}1.71points$, predialysis CRF: $25.07{\pm}3.58points$) were not different in normal control and CRF groups significantly(P>0.05), P300 latencies at Cz(control: $288.11{\pm}17.36msec$, predialysis CRF: $332.35{\pm}42.34msec$) were significantly delayed(P<0.05)and the duration of Trail making test A was significantly prolonged(control: $64.2{\pm}24.2sec$, CRF: $118.9{\pm}101sec$) in CRF group. P300 latencies between pre- and post-hemodialysis CRF patients(predialysis CRF: $332.35{\pm}42.34msec$, postdialysis CRF: $325.82{\pm}38.69msec$) were not significantly different. The P300 latency was not related with the duration of CRF(Spearman's correlation test, r=0.25, P>0.05) and the frequency of hemodialysis(Spearman's correlation test, r=0.28, P>0.05). Conclusions : From these results, we suggest that P300 latency is valuable in evaluating cognitive brain dysfunction in patients with CRF and hemodialysis does not have a significant effect on cognitive brain dysfunction in patients with CRF.