• 대한약리학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.207-210
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• 1991

급격한 기온의 변화가 심한 환절기에 우리는 감기라는 상기도 감염에 잘걸리게 된다. 비록 그 증상이 중하지 않고 또 안정을 하면서 10일정도가 되면 자연히 치유된다 할지라도 때로는 중한 합병증으로 고생하는 수가 있으며 또 두통, 발열, 기관지염, 인후통등으로 인하여 활동이 제한되며 활동능력이 저하되기도 한다. 1991년 6월 20일부터 7월 29일까지 원주 기독병원 내과에서 치료를 받은 30명의 환자에게 $1{\sim}7$일간 SJ-002를 $30\;ml{\times}3/day$를 투여하여 치료한 결과 다음과 같은 유의성 있는 결론을 얻었다. 상기도 감염증 환자 30명 (100.0%) 모두에게서 증상의 호전을 보였다. 부작용은 8명 (26.7%)에서 나타났으며 투약을 중지함으로써 모두 소실되었다. 1. 본 연구에서는 상기도 감염증 환자 30명 (100.0%) 모두에게서 임상증상의 전반적 개선이 관찰되었으며 특히 감기의 제증상에서 나타날 수 있는 증상등의 치료에 유효성이 있는 복합액제라고 생각된다. 2. 복용하는 동안 발전, 변비등의 경미한 부작용 환자 8명이 나타났지만 투약을 중지함으로서 모든 부작용들이 소실되었다. SJ-002(1병 30ml)의 조성은 다음과 같다. Acetaminophen 300mg Ibuprofen 100mg 12.5mg DL-methylephedrine HCl 30mg Caffeine anhydrous 2.5mg Chlorpheniramine maleate 80mg Guaifenesin 15mg Dextromethorphan HBr

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.375-381
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• 2016

Background: We evaluated the drug interaction profile of Red Ginseng (RG) with respect to the activities of major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in healthy Korean volunteers. Methods: This article describes an open-label, crossover study. CYP probe cocktail drugs, caffeine, losartan, dextromethorphan, omeprazole, midazolam, and fexofenadine were administered before and after RG supplementation for 2 wk. Plasma samples were collected, and tolerability was assessed. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated, and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the geometric mean ratios of the parameters were determined from logarithmically transformed data using analysis of variance after RG administration versus before RG administration. Results: Fourteen healthy male participants were evaluated, none of whom were genetically defined as poor CYP2C9, 2C19, and CYP2D6 metabolizers based on genotyping. Before and after RG administration, the geometric least-square mean metabolic ratio (90% CI) was 0.870 (0.805-0.940) for caffeine to paraxanthine (CYP1A2), 0.871 (0.800-0.947) for losartan (CYP2C9) to EXP3174, 1.027 (0.938-1.123) for omeprazole (CYP2C19) to 5-hydroxyomeprazole, 1.373 (0.864-2.180) for dextromethorphan to dextrorphan (CYP2D6), and 0.824 (0.658-1.032) for midazolam (CYP3A4) to 1-hydroxymidazolam. The geometric mean ratio of the area under the curve of the last sampling time ($AUC_{last}$) for fexofenadine (P-gp) was 0.963 (0.845-1.098). Administration of concentrated RG for 2 wk weakly inhibited CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 and weakly induced CYP2D6. However, no clinically significant drug interactions were observed between RG and CYP and P-gp probe substrates. Conclusion: RG has no relevant potential to cause CYP enzyme- or P-gp-related interactions.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.247-247
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• 1996

Previous work in our laboratory has shown that noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, MK-801, ketamine, dextrorphan and dextromethorphan cause a pronounced inhibition of apomorphine-induced cage climbing behavior in intact mice, suggesting the involvement of NMDA receptors in the glutamatergic modulation of dopaminergic function at the postsynaptic dopamine (DA) receptors: Therefore, in order to definitively establish the involvement of NMDA receptor in the apomorphine-induced dopaminergic response at the postsynaptic DA receptor, it is necessary to investigate whether or not the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists would inhibit these phenomena not only in intact mice but also in the mice that are devoid of any involvement of indirect dopaminergic function. To minimize the risk of any indirect involvement of NMDA antagonists with DA neurons, vesicular DA stores were first depleted with reserpine.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.102-102
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine the behavioral interaction between glutamatergic and serotonergic receptors. In the present study, both the competitive (AP-5 and D-CPP) and the noncompetitive (MK-801, ketamine, dextrorphan and dextromethorphan) N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists markedly enhanced 5-HT(5-hydroxytryptamine)-induced selective serotonergic behavior, head-twitch response (HTR), in mice. These results suggest that the glutamatergic neurotransmission may modulate serotonergic function at the 5-HT receptor. The precise relationship between glutamatergic and serotonergic system is as yet undefined. However, these are the first data available regarding glutamatergic modulation of serotonergic function at the 5-HT receptor in intact mice, and the present results support the notion that the NMDA receptors may play important roles in the glutamatergic modulation of serotonergic function at the 5-HT receptor.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제3권1_2호
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• pp.5-15
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• 1973

Fluorometric determination of dl-Methylephedrine hydrochloride from complex preparation were studied. According to the experimental results and considerations obtained the results for the following. (1) dl-Methylephedrine hydrochloride in Hydrochloric acid media occurs the fluorescens by Picrolonic acid and Cuppric acetate. (2) The maximum absorption fluorescence wave length of dl-Methylephedrine hydrochloride standard solution is $365m{\mu}$. (3) The relationship between the fluorescence proportions to concentration of standard solution at range of $4.2{\times}10^{-4}\;M$. $6{\times}10^{-4}M$. (4) dl-Methylephedrine hydrochloride was precisely determined even in the presence of various components, especially Chloropheniramine maleate, Dextromethorphan hydrobromide and Diphenylhydramine hydrochloride. (5) This method has high sensitivity and is simple in precedure. (6) This method be applicable with 99.79% accuracy and was 99.5% in complex preparation.

• 약학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.251-257
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• 1988

A simple and sensitive HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ten kinds of active ingredients formulated in commercial cough-cold mixtures. A group of Pseudoephedrine HCl, dl-Methylephedrine HCl, Noscapine, Chlorophenylamine maleate, Dextromethorphan HBr and Phenylpropanolamine HCl were determined at 254nm using a Novapak $C_{18}$ column with mobile phase consisting of a mixture of methanol-acetonitrile-1, 4dioxane-tetrahydrofuran-water(12 : 20 : 20 : 5 : 43, pH4.7) containing 0.013M-dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate. The another group of Acetoaminophen, Caffeine, Guaifenesin and Ethenzamide were also determined at 254nm using a Novapak $C_{18}$ column as the stationary phase, and a mixture of methanol-1% aqueous acetic acid (3 : 7). The results indicate that these methods are accurate and precise with relative standard deviation of not more than 1% (n=5) for the above active ingredients.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.327-333
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• 2011

Clinically, treatment goal of neuropathic pain focused on not elimination of etiology but management and control of symptoms because we don't know certain about clear etiology of neuropathic pain yet. The drugs used for the management of neuropathic pain were classified as drugs with strong evidence for benefit(antidepressants, anticonvulsants, opioid analgesics etc.), modest evidence for benefit(mexiletine, carbamazepine, clonidine etc.), preliminary evidence for benefit(NSAIDs, dextromethorphan, topiramate etc.). Finally, the treatment for trigeminal neuralgia was outlined separately since this disorder responds to a different group of drugs than other neuropathic pain conditions.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.539-546
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• 1997

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is perceived as an attractive tool for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and biological materials because of their high separation efficiency, easy separation and low running cost. New concept of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) expanded the application of CE to the separation of neutral molecules. Validation of CE as an analytical technique for quality control of pharmaceuticals should be confirmed by quantitative analysis and the peak confirmation. In this study, the quantitative analyses of various types of neutral, acidic and basic components (acetaminophen, caffeine, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, chlorpheniramine, phenylpropanolamine, dl-methylephedrine and dextromethorphan) in complex cold medicines have been accomplished using CE. Combined methods of MECC using SDS and capillary zone electrophoresis lowering the pH of running buffer were adopted to determine the ingredients in capsule type or liquid formula complex medicines without particular sample pretreatment. The results indicate that CE is a promising technique for quality control analysis of pharmaceuticals as a validation method.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.111.2-112
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• 2003

Dextromethophan and carisoprodol have been abused to obtain a hallucination for longer than 10 years in Korea. Due to their seriousness of abuse liablility, recently government decided to control them as a psychotropic agents. As these are controlled, it is necessary for us to establish the analysis of these medicine and their metabolites in hair to prove the abuse of these drugs. This study is described for the determination of dextrometorphan and carisoprodol in hair. (omitted)

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2006

본 연구는 황백에 함유되어 있는 주요 화합물인 berberine, palmatine, limonin 및 rutaecarpine의 CYP2D6 및 p-glycoprotein 활성에 대한 저해정도를 탐색함으로써, 황백을 다른 양약과 병용시 약물상호작용을 유발할 수 있는 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 인체 간 마이크로좀 시료에 CYP2D6 동효소의 기질약물인 dextromethorphan과 NADPH 재생성계 및 저해제 ($200{\mu}M$)를 첨가한 후 반응시켜 생성된 대사물을 LC/MS/MS를 이용하여 정량하여 CYP2D6 동효소 활성의 변화를 평가하였다. 또한 약물수송단백인 p-glycoprotein의 활성은 L-MDR1 세포주를 이용한 calcein AM 축적 실험을 통하여 평가하였다. 그 결과 식물 알카로이드인 berberine에서 강력한 CYP2D6 활성 저해능을 관찰하였으며, 저해 효과는 농도 의존적으로 증가하였으며, mechanism-based 저해 기전을 나타내었다. 그러나 limonine과 rutaecarpine은 CYP2D6 저해 활성을 보이지 않았고, p-glycoprotein 기능에 대해서는 평가한 어떤 화합물도 저해 활성을 나타내지 않았다. 황백의 주요 성분인 berberine의 CYP2D6 활성 저해능을 고려할 때, 황백을 CYP2D6 기질약제와 병용시 약물상호작용을 유발할 가능성을 보여준다. 이러한 황백의 CYP2D6를 매개로한 임상적인 약물상호작용 가능성은 임상시험을 통하여 추가적인 검정이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.