• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2014

Background: Epidural steroid injection (ESI) is one of the most common procedures for patients presenting low back pain and radiculopathy. However, there is no clear consensus on what constitutes appropriate steroid use for ESIs. To investigate optimal steroid injection methods for ESIs, surveys were sent to all academic pain centers and selected private practices in Korea via e-mail. Methods: Among 173 pain centers which requested the public health insurance reimbursements for their ESIs and were enrolled in the Korean Pain Society, 122 completed questionnaires were returned, for a rate of 70.5%; also returned were surveys from 39 academic programs and 85 private practices with response rates of 83.0% and 65.9%, respectively. Results: More than half (55%) of Korean pain physicians used dexamethasone for ESIs. The minimum interval of subsequent ESIs at the academic institutions (3.1 weeks) and the private practices (2.1 weeks) were statistically different (P = 0.01). Conclusions: Although there was a wide range of variation, there were no significant differences between the academic institutions and the private practices in terms of the types and single doses of steroids for ESIs, the annual dose of steroids, or the limitations of doses in the event of diabetes, with the exception of the minimum interval before the subsequent ESI.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.471-477
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• 1997

A study detennined whether certain biochemical and physiological variables were altered during marginal Zn deficiency. Ten weaned crossbred Hereford Angus heifer calves, weighing $163{\pm}2kg$, were utilized. Five calves were fed a Zn - deficient (- Zn) brome-alfalfa hay diet containing 17 mg Zn/kg diet DM, and five calves were fed a Zn-adequate (+Zn) diet with 23 mg Zn/kg diet DM from $ZnSO_4$ added to the - Zn diet (total diet, 40 mg Zn/kg diet DM), for 32 d. At 21 d the - Zn calves had a reduction (p < .05) in feed efficiency. By 25 d, plasma Zn and alkaline phosphatase concentrations were reduced (p < .05) in the - Zn calves. Blood urea nitrogen, glucose, insulin, IGF-I, Cu plasma concentration and Zn and Cu concentrations of red blood cell (RBC) and liver were not altered (p > .05) by the - Zn diet through 25 d. In response to a single i. m. injection of dexamethasone (20 mg) on d 25, calves fed the two dietary Zn amounts showed no changes (p > .05) in plasma or RBC Zn and Cu concentrations, serum IGF-I, insulin, and glucose when measured at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after injection. In response to an intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin on d 30, cell mediated immune (CMI) response was reduced (p < .05) in the - Zn calves. These observations indicate that during a marginal Zn deficiency in calves, there was a decrease in feed efficiency, plasma Zn, serum alkaline phosphatase, and CMI response.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2005

Xylazine hydrochloride로 진정한 개에서 발생하는 구토에 대한 dexamethasone의 항구토 효과를 평가하고자 본 실험을 수행하였다. $4.64\pm1.25kg$의_임상적으로 건강한 28마리 잡종견을 사용하였으며, 사료공급과 음수급여는 실험 3시간 전 실시하였다. 실험 전과 추 정맥에서 채혈하여 혈액검사와 혈청화학검사를 실시하였다. Dexamethasone 1 mg/kg (D1군), 2mg/kg (D2군), 4mg/kg (D4군) 또는 생리 식염수 0.2ml/kg (Control군)를 정맥내 주사하고 5분 후에 xylazine hydrochloride를 근육내 주사하여 진정시켰다. 각각 구토 발생시간과 구토 유무를 측정하였고, xylazine hydrochloride 진정 후 5, 15, 30, 60분에 Visual Sedation Score를 사용하여 진정정도를 평가하였다. 구토 발생시간은 대조군에서 $203.25\pm11.35$초였고, D1군과 D2군에서 각각 $187.33\pm48.01$초와 $218.33\pm13.58$초로 차이가 없었다. 구토율은 D4군 전체 실험견이 구토를 보이지 않는 반면, Control군 실험견 중 $57\%$가 구토를 하였고, D1군과 D2군 실험견들은 각각 $43\%$구토율을 나타냈다. 진정 정도는 실험군에 관계없이 dexamethasone을 투여한지 15분 후에 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 혈액검사, 혈청화학검사결과는 정상수치를 보였다. 이상 결과로, 개에서 전처치로 사용한 4mg/kg용량 dexamethasone은 진정작용에 관계없이 xylazine hydrochloride가 유발시키는 구토를 예방한다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.229-235
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• 1986

rat에 주사된 lithium 이온의 배설에 미치는 수종의 corticosteroid의 영향을 검색한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. fludrocortisone을 10mg/kg 투여하여 혈청내 lithium 농도를 줄일 수 있었고, lithium의 뇨중 배설량도 증가시켰다. 2. dexamethasone을 0.1mg/kg 투여하여 혈청내 lithium 농도를 줄일 수 있었고, 1mg/kg을 투여하여 lithium의 뇨중 배설량도 증가시켰다. 3. dexamethasone에 의하여서는 혈중 $Na^+$의 $K^+$에 대한 농도비가 감소하였고, 반대로 뇨중 $Na^+$의 $K^+$에 대한 농도비가 감소하였다. 이상의 실험 결과를 미루어 corticosteroid는 lithium의 뇨중 배설량을 증가시키고 그 혈중 농도를 감소시킬 수 있으나, 이러한 작용은 신장을 통한 $Na^+$ 이나 $K^+$의 이동과는 전혀 상관이 없다고 생각된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.65-68
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• 2006

개 추간판 디스크의 2증례를 수침치료를 하였다. 증례 1은 경부 디스크(C3-C4)의 증례이었으며, 1-2차 치료에서는 덱사메타손(1 mg/ml), 3-5차 치료에서는 염산치아민(25mg/ml)을 각각 수침하였다. 사용혈위는 GV-16, GB-20, BL-10, LU-7, LI-4 및 SI-6이었다. 2-5차 치료에는 GV-6, GV-20 및 SP-6의 혈위를 추가하였다. 3-5차 치료에는 2% 염산리도카인(0.2ml)를 이용하여 견갑아래근 및 상완세갈래근의 압통점에 각각 수침하였다. 5차 치료 후 마비증상은 소실되어 치료를 중단하였으며, 5개월 후 증상의 재발은 인정되지 않았다. 증례 2는 요부디스크의 증례(L1-L2)로 1-2차 치료에는 덱사메타손 수침을 3-4차치료에는 염산치아민을 각각 수침하였다. 사용혈위는 GV-6를 주혈로, ST-36, ST-40, GB-34, ST-41 및 BL-40을 부혈로 각각 사용하였다. 또한 허리장골 늑골근 및 대퇴네갈래근의 압통점에 2% 염산리도카인(0.2ml)를 각각 수침하였다. 4차 치료 후 마비증상이 호전되어 치료를 중단하였고, 5개월 후 현재 까지 증상의 재발은 인정되지 않았다. 이상의 증례를 통하여, 덱사메타손과 염산치아민의 수침 및 리도카인을 이용한 압통점치료의 병용은 개의 경부 및 요부디스크의 증상을 효과적으로 콘트롤 할 수 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.1954-1960
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• 2006

The effects of the exopolymers of Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 containing $\beta$-1,3/1,6-glucan on formalin-induced chronic inflammation were observed. Doses of 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg of the exopolymers were orally administered once a day for 10 days to formalin-induced chronic inflammatory mice (0.02 ml of 3.75% formalin was subaponeurotically injected into the left hind paw), and then the bilateral hind-paw thickness and volume were measured daily, while the paw wet-weight, histological profiles, and histomorphometrical analyses were conducted at termination. The results were compared with those for diclofenac, indomethacin, and dexamethasone (intraperitoneally injected) 15 mg/kg-dosed groups. All the animals were sacrificed 10 days after dosing. As a result of the formalin injection, a marked increase in the difference between the intact and formalin-induced paw thickness and volume was detected in the formalin-injected control compared with that in the intact control with time, plus at the time of sacrifice, the difference in the paw wet-weights was also dramatically increased. In a histological and histomorphometrical analysis, severe histological profiles of chronic inflammation were detected in the formalin-injected control with a marked increase in the thickness of the skin of the dorsum pedis. However, these formalin-induced chronic inflammatory changes were significantly and dose-dependently decreased by the exopolymer treatment. In conclusion, the exopolymer treatment inhibited the chronic inflammatory response induced by formalin injection in the mice. However, somewhat low efficacies were detected compared with those for the diclofenac-, indomethacin-, and dexamethasone-treated groups.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2023

Purpose: In this study, we evaluate the potential of the relative ratio of capsular width (RCW) between the affected side (Aff) and non-affected side (Non-aff) in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthralgia. We assessed whether RCW may hold greater diagnostic significance than the objective capsular width (CW) reported in previous studies when diagnosing arthralgia using ultrasonography (US). Methods: Forty-nine patients were assessed using US, excluding four patients with bilateral arthralgia. The patients were divided into two groups: 40 with unilateral arthralgia (UA), and nine without arthralgia (NA). We measured CW and masseter muscle thickness using US. Moreover, we employed RCW to analyze the variances between the groups. The numerical rating scale (NRS) and RCW were compared before and after dexamethasone injection in 10 patients who underwent follow-up evaluations. Results: Within the UA group, CW on the Aff was found to be significantly larger compared to the Non-aff (p<0.001). Additionally, RCW in the UA group was greater than that in the NA group (p<0.01). Furthermore, after dexamethasone injection, a reduction in the NRS and RCW values was observed in the 10 patients who were followed up. Conclusions: While previous studies have suggested a link between arthralgia and TMJ effusion, making CW a possible indirect diagnostic indicator for arthralgia, our findings propose that RCW could hold more diagnostic value than objective CW. However, additional studies are required to standardize the protocols for interpreting US results and determining the cutoff value of RCW in diagnosing TMJ arthralgia.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제37권
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• pp.18.1-18.7
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• 2015

Background: The aim of this study is to develop a rat model of bisphosphonates-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) that would be verified with clinical, radiological and histological examination, and to confirm the influence of concurrent bisphosphonates and steroids use upon the occurrence and aggravation of BRONJ. Methods: Twenty seven rats were divided into 3 groups; Saline group (I), Zoledronate group (II), Zoledronate and Dexamethasone group (III). Rats got weekly intraperitoneal injection for 4 times and extraction of left maxillary and mandibular 1st, 2nd molars were followed. Consecutive injections were performed, and blood sampling for measurements of C-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type I collagen and tartrate-resistant acid phosphate 5b rats were performed at the time of 2, 4 and 8 weeks. And then, rats were sacrificed and evaluated clinically, radiologically and histologically. Results: 12/18 (66.6 %) of experimental group were diagnosed as BRONJ. There was no significant difference in incidence between zoledronate alone group (ll) and concurrent use of zoledronate and dexamethasone group (lll). Conclusions: Concurrent use of bisphosphonates and steroids increase incidence of BRONJ compared to saline group (l). Zoledronate alone group (ll) and concurrent use of zoledronate and dexamethasone group (lll) shows same incidence of BRONJ. Based on this study, the rat treated with bisphosphonates and steroids can be considered a novel, reliable and reproducible model to understand pathology of BRONJ.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.86-86
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• 2019

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SB) has been widely studied to treat inflammatory diseases in east Asia. In the recent years, many studies have focused on modifying herbs to increase the pharmacological effects. Roasting alcohol absorbed SB is one of the traditional methods to increase the therapeutic effects. Currently there are no reports on the pharmacological effects of roasted SB. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of roasted 30% ethyl alcohol absorbed SB extract (SR) on mice ear edema. After intra-gastric injection of dexamethasone (for positive control, 2 mg/kg) and SR (50, 100, 400 mg/kg), ear edema was provoked by croton oil (5% v/v in acetone, 10 ul/ear). Ear thickness was measured with a digital caliper to quantify the change in swelling. For histological study, we made paraffin sections and performed Phloxine-Tartrazine staining and Masson's trichrome staining to observe epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous region and collagen fiber of mice ear tissues. Ear thickness decreased dose-dependent manner in SR treated groups. Histological analysis compared with dexamethasone treated group, SR treated groups demonstrated a similar reduction in hypoplasia of epidermis and influx of inflammatory cells. Increase of subcutaneous layer and decrease of collagen fibers were significantly recovered in SR treated group (400 mg/kg) and dexamethasone treated group. In conclusion, treatment with SR ameliorates auricular inflammation induced with croton oil in mice. Experiments are now underway to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory activities of SR.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2009

Objectives : The present study was examined to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of the Humulus japonicus MeOH extracts (HJE) in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. Methods : The effects of HJE on anti-inflammation were measured in the carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats and infiltrated Inflammatory Cells. Results : 1. HJE (1.0 g/kg) and dexamethasone effectively inhibited paw edema measured 1~4 h after carrageenan injection. HJE (0.3 g/kg) effectively inhibited paw edema measured 1, 3, 4 hr. 2. In histopathological study in rats, 1.0 g/kg HJE and dexamethasone effectively inhibited the increases of hind paw skin thicknesses and inflammatory cell infiltrations induced by carrageenan treatment. But quite similar histopathological changes were detected in 0.3 g/kg HJE treated group as compared with carrageenan control.