• 한국조리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.351-366
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• 2010

초등학교 아동들의 식습관 개선을 위한 영양 교육용 자료로 어린이용 요리책을 개발하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 강원도 일부 초등학교 5, 6학년 학생 90명(남자 45명, 여자 45명)을 대상으로 식행동을 분석한 결과, 아침 식사를 매일 먹는 아동은 48.9%, 아침을 결식하는 이유는 48.9%가 '시간이 없어서'라고 응답하였다. 아침 식사 시 주로 먹는 음식은 한식(67.8%)이었으며, 집에 혼자 있을 때 식사를 해결하는 방법은 42.2%가 '먹고 싶은 것을 만들어 먹는다'고 응답하였다. 간식 섭취 실태를 보면 '하루에 1~2회' 간식을 먹는 아동이 52.2%로 가장 많았고, 주로 먹는 간식의 종류는 과일류(46.6%), 아이스크림류(22.2%), 빵이나 과자(21.1%), 패스트푸드(11.1%)로 조사되었다. 아동들은 전반적으로 채소류를 싫어하고, 육류를 좋아하며, 좋아하는 식품은 비교적 다양한 편인데 반해 싫어하는 식품은 몇 몇 식품에 편중되고 기호가 더 뚜렷하였다. 선호하는 조리법으로는 볶음(27.8%), 튀김(25.6%), 국이나 찌개(21.1%)가 선택되었다. 아동의 96.7%가 최소한 1회 이상의 요리 경험이 있었으며, 요리를 해 본 이유로는 그냥 '요리를 해 보고 싶어서'가 64.4%로 가장 많았다. 지금까지 요리해 본 음식으로는 라면(68.8%), 계란 후라이(53.3%), 볶음밥(37.8%), 샌드위치(18.9%)의 순서로 조사되었다. 이러한 식행동 분석 결과를 토대로 아동을 위한 요리책은 크게 '혼자서 잘해요', '초간단 간식 만들기', '내 솜씨를 뽐내요'의 세 부분으로 나누어 각각 5~6개의 메뉴로 구성하여 개발되었다. 요리책은 조리 과정 사진과 열량 및 영양소 함량, 균형 잡힌 한 끼 식사를 구성하는 방법, 적절한 1인 분량에 대한 정보를 제공하였다. 또한 위생과 안전, 계량 방법, 음식물 쓰레기 분리 및 뒷정리 등 요리 활동에 필요한 기본적인 지식을 습득할 수 있도록 하였다. 개발된 요리책은 아동 스스로 요리 활동에 참여하게 함으로써 결식이나 편식 등의 잘못된 식행동을 개선하고, 올바른 식생활을 영위하는데 필요한 기본적인 영양지식을 제공하는 등 영양 교육 자료로써의 효과가 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2008

줄기세포를 임상에 적용하기 위해서는 체외에서 증식 과정이 필수적이다. 그러나 배아줄기세포와는 달리 성체줄기세포는 체외에서 증식할 경우 일정시간이 지나면 줄기세포의 특성을 잃기 때문에 임상사용에 있어 제한점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위해 줄기세포의 특성을 잃지 않게 세포를 보존하는 방법이 필요하며, 본 연구에서는 탯줄 유래 줄기세포를 동결 보존한 후 해동시켜 줄기세포의 특성을 분석하였다. 사람의 탯줄 유래 세포를 분리하여 체외에서 배양한 후 2번째 또는 3번째 계대의 세포를 25% FBS와 10% DMSO가 첨가된 냉동배양액에 넣어 $-196^{\circ}C$에서 동결보존한 후, 6개월 뒤에 해동시켜 세포의 성장 속도와 유전자 및 단백질 발현을 살펴보았다. 냉동 보존한 후 세포를 해동시킨 결과 74%의 생존율을 보였으며, 이 세포를 체외에서 배양하였을 경우, 냉동보존하기 전의 세포와 유사하게 방추사 모양의 섬유 아세포의 형태를 나타냈다. 또한, 성장 속도 역시 냉동보존하기 전의 세포와 똑같이 10번째 계대까지 배양되었으며, 42번 분열 능력을 나타냈다. RT-PCR 결과, 냉동 전후 세포 모두에서 Oct-4, nanog, SCF, NCAM, nestin, GATA4, BMP4, HLA-1 유전자는 모두 발현하였으며, Brachyury와 HLA-DR은 발현하지 않았다. 면역세포 화학 염색 결과, 배아줄기세포 단백질로 알려진 SSEA-3, -4, Oct-4 그리고 중간엽줄기세포 단백질인 Thy-1은 모두 발현하였으며, vimentin, fibronectin, HLA-1, HCAM, ICAM 모두 발현하였다. 그러나 SSEA-4과 Thy-1, vimentin, fibronectin, HLA-1는 냉동보존한 후 배양된 탯줄질의 발현은 냉동보존하기 전후의 탯줄 유래 세포에서 큰 차이가 없었다. 냉동 보존된 탯줄 유래 세포는 세포의 분열능력과 유전자 및 단백질의 발현이 냉동 보존 전 세포와 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 냉동보존법이 임상적으로 세포 치료 시 적절한 세포의 수나 시간을 맞추는데 효과적인 방법이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2006

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPAR $\alpha$)는 지질대사와 관련하여 대사증후군 발생과 관련이 있을 수 있는 강력한 잠재 유전자로 고려되고 있으므로 한국인에 있어서 PPAR$\alpha$ L162V 유전자 다형성과 대사증후군과의 연관성을 확인하고자 고신대학교 복음병원에서 2004년 12윌에서 2005년 7월 사이에 건강진단을 받았던 수진자 542명(대사 증후군 : 262명, 정상인 : 280명)을 대상으로 신장, 체증, 체질량지수, 허리둘레와 수축기와 이완기 혈압, 공복 혈당, 총콜레스테롤, HDL 콜레스테롤, LDL 콜레스테롤과 중성지방 수치를 측정하였으며, 대사증후군의 정의는 혈압, 공복 혈당, HDL 콜레스테롤, 중성지방은 NCEP ATP III의 기준을 적용하였고, 허리둘레는 WHO 아시아-서태평양 기준을 적용하였다. PCR-ASO (polymerase chain reaction allele-specific oligonucleotide) 방법에 의해 대상자들의 PPAR$\alpha$ L162V 유전자 다형성을 확인하였다. 연구결과 PPAR$\alpha$ 484번 염기서열의 $C{\rightarrow}G$ 돌연변이가 나타난 사람은 조사대상자 542명 가운데 1명(0.2%) 이었다. 한국인에서는 PPAR$\alpha$ L162V 유전자 다형성이 거의 일어나지 않았으며, 이의 확인을 위하여 더욱 많은 사람을 대상으로 연구가 진행되어야 할 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.337-367
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 미래 인재 양성을 위한 SW교육의 확대 및 차기 개정 교육과정에서 초·중·고의 일관성 있는 SW교육 적용 체계를 마련하기 위해 차세대 SW교육 표준모델을 개발하였다. 2017~2018년 학계에서 수행된 초·중등 SW교육 표준 모델 연구를 바탕으로 국내외 SW교육에 관한 기초 조사 및 분석, 유관기관 및 전문가 공개 포럼, 글로벌 SW교육 워크샵, 대국민 공청회 등을 통해 초·중·고등학교 SW 교육을 위한 일관성 있는 적용 체계를 갖추고, 이후 고등교육 및 산업분야에 연계가능한 차세대 SW교육 표준 모델을 개발하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.61-79
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• 1995

When children are admitted to hospital, they have to adapt to new and unfamiliar stimuli. Children may respond with fear to stimuli such as pain or unfamiliar experiences. One goal of nursing is to help hospitalized children to adapt effectively to their hospital experience. Accordingly, nurses need to assess childrens' fears of their hospital experience to contribute to the planning of care to alleviate these fears. The problem addressed by this study was to identify and measure hospital-related fears(hereafter called HRF) in hospitalized school-aged children. The study was conceptualized with Roy's model. A descriptive qualitative approach was used first, followed by a quantitative approach. This study was conducted from November 30, 1989 to January 12, 1991. The sample consisted of 395 hospitalized school-aged children selected through an allocated sampling technique in nine general hospitals. The HRF questionnaire (three point likert scale ) was developed by a delphi technique. The data were analyzed by an SAS program. Factor analysis was used for the examination of component factors. Differences in the HRF related to demographic variables were examined by t-test, analysis of variance and the Scheffe test. The crude scores of the HRF scale were transformed into T- scores to calculate the standard scores. The results included the following : 1. Forty-four items were derived from 188 statements identifying the childrens' hospital-re-lated fears. These items clustered into 14 factors, fear of injections, operations, bodily harm others' pain, medical rounds, physical examinations, medical staff, disease process, blood and X-rays, drugs and cockroaches, tests, harsh discipline from parents or staff, being absent from school, and separation from family. The 14 factors was classified into four categories,'pain','the unfamiliar','the un-known' and 'separation'. 2. The reliability of the HRF instruments was .92(Cronbach's alpha). In the factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the 14 factors ranged from .84 to .86 and Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the four categories ranged from .70 to .84. Pearson correlation coefficient scores for relationships among the 14 factors ranged from ,11 to .50, and among the four categories, from ,44 to ,63, indicating their relative independence. 3. The total group HRF score ranged from 45 to 130 in a possible range of H to 132, with a mean of 74.51. The fears identified by the children were, in order, injections, harsh discipline by parents or staff, bodily harm, operations, medical staff, disease process, and medical rounds ; the least feared was others' pain. The fear item with the highest mean score was surgery and the lowest was examination by a doctor. HRF scores were higher for girls than for boys, and for grade 1 students than for grade 6 students. HRF scores were lower for children whose fathers were over 40 than for those whose fathers were in the 30 to 39 age group, and whose mothers were over 35 than for those whose mothers were in the 20 to 34 age group. HRF scores were lower when the mother rather than any other person stayed with the child. The expressed fear of pain, the unfamiliar, the un-known and of separation directs nurses' concern to the threat felt by hospitalized children to their concept of self. This study contributes to the assessment of fears of hospitalized children and of stimuli impinging on those fears. Accordingly, nursing practice will be directed to the alleviation of pain, pre-admission orientation to the hospital setting and routines, initiation of information about procedures and experiences and arrangments for mothers to stay with their children. Recommendations were made for further research in different settings and for development and testing of the instrument.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.502-517
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• 1998

This research intends to survey family environment, health behavior and health status of the students in urban-rural elementary schools and analyze those factors comparatively, and use the result as basic material for school health teacher to teach health education in connection with family and regional areas. It also intends to improve a pupil's self-abilitiy in health care. The subjects involve 2,774 students of urban elementary schools and 583 student in rural ones, who were selected by means of a multi -stage probability sampling. Using the questionnaire and school documents, we collected data on family environment, health behavior and health status for 19 days. Feb. 2nd 1998 through Feb. 20th 1998. The R -form of Family Environment Scale (Moos, 1974) was used in the analysis of family environment(Cronbach's Alpha =0.80). Questionnaires of Health Behavior in School-aged children used by the WHO in Europe(Aaro et al., 1986) and the ones developed by the Health Promotion Committee of the Western Pacific(WHO, 1995)(adapted by long Young-suk and Moon Young-hee(1996)) were used in the analysis of health behavior, as well documents on absences due to sickness, school health room-visits, levels of physical strength, height, weight and degree of obesity were used to determine health status. In next step, We used them with an $X^2$-test, t-test, Odds Ratio, and a 95% Confidence Interval. 1. In two dimensions of three, family-relationship (t=3.41, p=0.001) and system -maintenances(t= 2.41, p=0.0l6) the mean score of urban children were significantly higher than those of rural ones. In the personal development dimension however, there was little significant difference. Assorting family environment into 10 sub-fields and analyzing them, we recognized that urban children were superior to rural children in the sub-fields of expressiveness (t =3.47, p=0.001), conflict (t=0.48, p=0.001), active-recreational orientation (t = 1.97, p=0.049) and organization (t=4.33, p=0.000). 2. Referring to the Odds Ratios of urban-rural children's health behaviors, urban children set up more desirable behavior than rural children wear ing safety belts (Odds Ratio =0.32, p=0.000), washing hands after meals(Odds Ratio = 0.43, p= 0.000), washing hands after excreting (Odds Ratio = 0.39, p=O.OOO), washing hands after coming - home ( Odds Ratio = 0.75, p = 0.003), brushing teeth before sleeping(Odds Ratio =0.45, p=0.000), brushing teeth more than once a day (Odds Ratio =0.73, p=0.0l2), drinking boiled water (Odds Ratio = 0.49, p=0.000), collecting garbage at home(Odds Ratio=0.31, p=0.000) and in the school(Odds Ratio =0. 67, p=0.000). All these led to significant differences. As to taking milk(Odds Ratio = 1.50, p=0.000), taking care of eyesight(Odds Ratio=1.41, p=0.001) and getting physical exercise in(Odds Ratio = 1.33, p=0.0l9) and outside the school(Odds Ratio = 1.32, p=0.005), rural children had more desirable behavior which also revealed a significant difference. There was little significant difference in smoking, but the smoking rate of rural children(5.5%) was larger than that of urban children(3.9%). 3. Health status was analyzed in terms of absences, school health room-visits, levels of physical strength, and the degree of obesity, height and weight. Considering Odds Ratios of the health status of urban-rural children, the health status of rural children was significantly better than that of the urban ones in the level of physical strength(t=1.51, p=0.000) and the degree of obesity(t=1.84, p=0.000). The mean height of urban children ($150.4{\pm}7.5cm$) is taller than that of their counterparts($149.5{\pm}7.9$), which revealed a significant difference (t =2.47, p=0.0l4). The mean weight of urban children($42.9{\pm}8.6kg$) is larger than that of their counterparts($41.8{\pm}9.0kg$), which was also a significant difference(t=2.81, p=0.005). Considering the results above, we can recognize that there are significant differences in family environment, health behavior, and health status in urban-rural children. These results also suggestion ideas for health education. What we would suggest for the health program of elementary schools is that school health teachers should play an active role in promoting the need and importance of health education, develop the appropriate programs which correspond to the regional characteristics, and incorporate them into schools to improve children's ability to manage their own health management.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.154-172
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• 1999

In order to analyse the prevalence rate of hypertension and the actual conditions of control, we selected five districts out of eleven eups and myuns in Chinan Country. We administered structured questionaries to 309 adults above the age of 40, computerized the data using SPSS - PC+. More than 40.1% of adults over 40 in Chinan County have health disorders ranging from high blood pressure to hypertension including alert high blood pressure at 36.2%, relatively high. Among general characteristics, differences in the rate of hypertension were influenced by age, occupation and places of residence. Over 71 who are engaged in agriculture, who don't have jobs, who reside in Sungsu, Jungchun, Chinan-eup all have higher hypertension rates than other groups. Accordingly, the control of hypertension should be focused on these people. As a result of the control of blood pressure, the survey showed 93.0% of the subjects were checked mainly at hospitals clinics, health centers subhealth centers and community health posts more than once a year, relatively high level of blood pressure management. However, the difference between their blood pressure measurements at ordinary times and the level of blood pressure at the time of research was quite considerable. Only 47.3% of the subjects diagnosed with high blood pressure and 70.3% of the subjects with normal blood pressure recognized their blood pressure accurately 52.7% of the subjects diagnosed with high blood pressure showed errors in understanding their blood pressure at normal times. Because these errors can cause problems in the control of blood pressure, proper management should be executed through a systematic examination. As a result of the high blood pressure control condition, the average period of hypertension was 74.5( ${\pm}92.8$) months, 92.3% of the subjects were diagnosed with high blood pressure at hospitals clinics, health centers subhealth centers community health posts, but only 29.5% were examined after a general check up on high blood pressure was completed. 70.5% were diagnosed with high blood pressure only after measuring their blood pressure. 14.1% of the subjects were hospitalized because of falls influenced by high blood pressure. 33.3% attended hospitals and health centers regularily for medical treatment and this shows how low the rate of the control of blood pressure. Most people did not undergo medical treatment, because they had no painful symptoms (46.7%), they didn't need to take the medicine(28.9%), or they forget to take the medicine(20.0%). These problems in the control of hypertension were discovered in the process of diagnosing high blood pressure at health medical institutions. Many people did not recognize the need for consistent control of blood pressure. That is, although the diagnosis for high blood pressures performed at hospitals clinics, health centers subhealth centers and community health posts, was 92.3%, more than 70.5% of the subjects were not examined completely with regard to blood pressure. Accordingly, heath medical institutions must diagnose high blood pressure not only by only measuring blood pressure but also by using systematic process of examination. As for the people diagnosed with high blood pressure, one should perform consistent medical approaches and help them to recognize the importance of the continuous control of blood pressure through subject-oriented education. Problems the subjects experienced were the following numbness in the limbs easily paralyzed stitches in their shoulders which felt painful, stiff necks, occiputs felt heavy, headaches when they got up in the morning, felt dizzy when standing and moving their heads and poor eyesight. The rate of knowledge related to high blood pressure was 78.7 points, comparatively low. Whether they had normal blood pressure or hypertension made no difference. These results are not desirable. Adult-oriented education forgot the prevention and management of high blood pressure should be implemented. Hypertensive-oriented education should be especially reinforced. Because there was a difference in the level of knowledge according to age, academic career, occupation or place of residence, education related to hypertension should be intensified and focused on those over the age of 71 those who did not attend school, those who do not have jobs and are engaged in agriculture and residents living in Bugui, Jungchun regions. The degree of healthy life practice in hypertensives is poor, particularly weight control, as opposed to people who have normal blood pressure. It makes no difference in smoking, the amount of daily smoking, drinking, the control of salt because each result means that they are not practicing healthy life or modifying their life-style. The development and programs to improve a healthy life should be executed.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.137-152
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• 2000

North Korean fugitives is one of various nominations referring to the North Koreans who have secretly crossed the territorial border of their country. It is a new terminology that huts gained wider usage in our society as we entered the 1990s. North Koreans list various motives for escaping their county, such as food shortage and disillusionment of belief in the system. Most of the forced repatriation of North Korean escapees takes place in China. The purpose of this study examines the family knife of female fugitives from North Korea in order to provide pertinent alterntives which are needed to secure basic human right of the female fugitives and enable them to keep stability of their family lives and to adapt themselves into new socio-cultural circumstances in China. For this, the preliminary survey performed to examine the demographic characteristics on the female fugitives; to find out the incentives and channels of their escape out of North Korea; to investigate what types of family life and family relationship they manage in China; to grasp their problems and need of family life in adaptation into Chinese society. The specific questions for grasping the general characteristics of the female fugitives are composed of age, education level residential district in North Korea. In order to find out main causes and influential factors of their escape from North Korea, the following questions are included: what the most important incentives and motives are; the frequency of escape; and whether they discuss their escape with their family or not. The questions to find out their present actual life situations in China are about difficult things to adjust in China, family life, relationship with husband, and their conversational diction, the degree of their mastering the chinese language, the degree of their adaptation to chinese way of living, and so forth, which reveal to what extent they are adapted themselves to new cultural situation in China. This study collected the data through face-to-face personal interview from July to October, 1999 Yenben province along the China-North Korea border. Data from 202 female fugitives were used in final analysis. This study uses the SAS PC program for windows, Ver, 6.12 to analyze the data such as the distribution of frequency, percentage, mean and so on. The results from this analysis are follows; the most principal motive of North Korean women's escape to china is to eat to live because of famine. Concerning the year when the fugitives escape from North Korea, all of the interviewees haute escaped since 1990. After escape their continual contact with their family in North Korea, 81.7% of the respondent have not been in touch with their family. The main reasons for their not contacting with their family in North Korea are that it is not helpful although they contacts with their family. Female fugitives from North Korea have difficulties in life. They have rather stable relationship to their husband, but they have experienced difficulties in other aspects of family life. Their main difficulties are largely from their relationships to husbands'family members, and from the problems relate to their family in North Korea, and their children. Based on this study, further research has to present supportive policies that help North Korean female escapees live without being deprived and protect their human rights. And the development of practical program to help their efficient social adaptation has to be continued without stop together.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.188-199
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• 1995

대한지리학회가 1945년 9월 11일에 창립되어 50주년을 맞았다. 이를 기념하기 위하 여 국제지리학술대회를 1995년 10월 13일, 14일 이틀에 걸쳐 서울대학교 교수회관에서 개최 하기로 결정하였다. 이 대회에서 논의될 주제는 분단국토의 현실과 통일국토의 미래상, 21세 기 한국 지리학의 도전, 한국 지리학의 반세기-회고와 전망이라는 3가지가 중심이 된다. 이 번 학술대회를 통하여 2000년에 개최할 IGC서울대회를 성공적으로 이끌 역량을 축적하고, 지리학의 연구내용이 결국 인간생활의 질을 향상시키는데 기여해야만 학문적 영속성과 가치 를 인정받을 수 있다는 진실을 인식하는 계기가 되어야 한다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2009

치아의 선천성 결손은 치배의 발육이 시작되지 못하여 치아의 증식, 분화가 일어나지 못함으로서 발생하는 흔한 치아의 발육 이상이다. 이 연구의 목적은 선천성 결손치의 발생률, 결손치의 수, 발생부위와 결손치 환자에게서 나타난 다른 치아이상의 발생여부를 조사하는 것이다. 본 연구는 2006년 7월부터 2008년 6월까지 전북대학교 소아치과에 내원하여 파노라마를 촬영한 1,520명의 환자(2.9$\sim$17세)를 대상으로 제 3 대구치를 제외한 선천성 결손치의 분포를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 전체 1,520명 중 총 8.88%에서 결손치가 관찰되었으며, 남자가 9.05%,여자가 8.64%에서 결손치가 관찰되었다. 2.총 350개의 영구 결손치 중 하악 제 2소구치가 22.3%로 가장 발생률이 높았고, 하악 측절치, 상악 제 2소구치 하악 중절치, 상악 측절치 순이었다. 또한 총 18개의 유치 결손치 중 하악 유측절치가 가장 높은 발생률(50%)을 보였다. 3. 1개의 영구치 결손치를 가지는 환자는 43.3%, 2개는 34.3% 3개는 6.7%, 4개는 1.5%, 5개는 3.7% 6개 이상은 10.4%이었다. 또한 유치 결손치의 수는 1개는 86.7%, 2개는 13.3%이었다. 4. 결손치가 있는 환자 중 과잉치를 가지는 환자는 18명(13.3%)이 있었으며, 왜소치, 이소맹출, 융합치 등의 치아이상을 지닌 환자도 관찰되었다.