• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.283-289
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• 2022

Public investment is the process of investing capital in projects that serve national interests and thereby create a driving force for economic development in each country. Especially in developing countries, investment capital is limited, so improving the efficiency of public investment becomes a decisive factor for economic development and enhancing the country's status and ultimately making the country a should be rich. Vietnam has a low starting point, has gone through the doi moi process, and has gradually become a middle-income country, and public investment is attracting attention to improve the quality of the country's infrastructure. The objective of this study is to evaluate the factors affecting the effectiveness of public debt management in Vietnam, through a survey of 150 experts with knowledge of public investment and public debt management, using the results of the estimation through the Using SPSS software, the research results show that the monitoring system and human resource quality have an impact on the effectiveness of public debt management. The study could not, however, discover any proof of the influence of institutional quality, geographic location, or accountability on the effectiveness of public debt management. The research also addresses several policy recommendations for Vietnam that would help the country manage its public debt better in the future.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.40.1-40.8
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• 2022

The concepts of phylogeny and floral genetics play a crucial role in understanding the origin and diversification of flowers in angiosperms. Angiosperms evolved a great diversity of ways to display their flowers for reproductive success with variations in floral color, size, shape, scent, arrangements, and flowering time. The various innovations in floral forms and the aggregation of flowers into different kinds of inflorescences have driven new ecological adaptations, speciation, and angiosperm diversification. Evolutionary developmental biology seeks to uncover the developmental and genetic basis underlying morphological diversification. Advances in the developmental genetics of floral display have provided a foundation for insights into the genetic basis of floral and inflorescence evolution. A number of regulatory genes controlling floral and inflorescence development have been identified in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Antirrhinum majus using forward genetics, and conserved functions of many of these genes across diverse non-model species have been revealed by reverse genetics. Transcription factors are vital elements in systems that play crucial roles in linked gene expression in the evolution and development of flowers. Therefore, we review the sex-linked genes, mostly transcription factors, associated with the complex and dynamic event of floral development and briefly discuss the sex-linked genes that have been characterized through next-generation sequencing.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.103-130
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• 2011

This paper intends to provide applied economists which study the effects of research and development with valuable information on econometric model selection. It includes extensive discussion on econometric models which have been applied for the study on the relationship between research and development and productivity. In particular, it compares various stochastic production frontier models which have been developed recently. The discussion decomposes them into models with scaling property and the ones with nonscaling property as well as models with monotonic and nonmonotonic relationships between research and development and productivity. Finally, this paper applies the models to two different panel data sets (firm level data and country level data) and compare estimation results from competing econometric models.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.26-43
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• 2023

This study sought to typify and characterize the upper body shape of women with large breasts by classifying only Korean adult women aged 20-69 years whose difference dimension between bust and underbust circumference was 12.5 cm or greater. This study attempted to provide necessary information for the development of upper body clothing for women with large busts. Upper body horizontal, upper body height, shoulder size, upper body length, and shoulder slop factor were extracted to constitute upper body shapes of women with large busts. Upper body shapes of women with large busts were classified into four types: low obese upper body tall body type, high normal upper body short body type, drooping shoulders slender upper body tall body type, and broad shoulders slender upper body short body type. Upper body proportions of women with and without large busts were analyzed as follows. Women with large breasts had narrower shoulder width compared to bust width and waist width. Their underbust and waist circumferences were larger than their bust circumferences. For the development of tops for women with large busts, bodice pattern development was required, taking into account shoulder width, chest, and upper body length. Future studies should focus on angles of busts in more detail. Research should be conducted on the development of bodice by upper body type of women with large busts analyzed.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.126-147
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• 2023

This study investigates the effects of the fulfillment of self-motivation including self-development, self-therapy, and self-presentation on the outcomes such as subjective quality of life, omnivorous cultural engagement, and visitor loyalty via visitor satisfaction in art museums. The analyses on 285 valid survey responses demonstrated that fulfillment of self-development and self-therapy needs have significant positive influence on visitor satisfaction. The effect of fulfilling self-presentation need on visitor satisfaction was found to be moderated by attitude toward SNS posting, while the age factor, based on generations, did not show a significant moderation effect. It was also found that visitor satisfaction positively influences visitor loyalty, including intentions of revisit and recommendation. Increased satisfaction also enhances subjective QOL and omnivorous cultural engagement among art museum visitors, implying promising collaboration among cultural arts institutions. The findings have both theoretical and practical implications for enhancing visitor experiences and promoting diverse cultural engagement. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.537-550
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• 2024

Pectobacterium is a major bacterial causal agent leading to soft rot disease in host plants. With the Arabidopsis-Pectobacterium pathosystem, we investigated the function of an Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY55 during defense responses to Pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. carotovorum (Pcc). Pcc-infection specifically induced WRKY55 gene expression. The overexpression of WRKY55 was resistant to the Pcc infection, while wrky55 knockout plants compromised the defense responses against Pcc. WRKY55 expression was mediated via Arabidopsis COI1-dependent signaling pathway showing that WRKY55 can contribute to the gene expression of jasmonic acid-mediated defense marker genes such as PDF1.2 and LOX2. WRKY55 physically interacts with Arabidopsis ORA59 facilitating the expression of PDF1.2. Our results suggest that WRKY55 can function as a positive regulator for resistance against Pcc in Arabidopsis.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.527-537
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• 2024

Oxidative stress is a well-established risk factor for numerous chronic diseases, emphasizing the need for efficient identification of potent antioxidants. Conventional methods for assessing antioxidant properties are often time-consuming and resource-intensive, typically relying on laborious biochemical assays. In this study, we investigated the applicability of machine learning (ML) algorithms for predicting the antioxidant activity of compounds based solely on their molecular structure. We evaluated the performance of five ML algorithms, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR), XGBoost, Random Forest (RF), and Deep Neural Network (DNN), using a dataset of over 1,900 compounds with experimentally determined antioxidant activity. Both RF and SVM achieved the best overall performance, exhibiting high accuracy (> 0.9) and effectively distinguishing active and inactive compounds with high structural similarity. External validation using natural product data from the BATMAN database confirmed the generalizability of the RF and SVM models. Our results suggest that ML models serve as powerful tools to expedite the discovery of novel antioxidant candidates, potentially streamlining the development of future therapeutic interventions.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.21-44
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• 2003

It is the Third Italy's industrial districts that is emerging as effective strategies for regional economic development since 1970' s. Compared with mass production system, it's production system is characterized the cooperative networks of a number of enterprise specialized in specific sector or process. This work will analysis the course of growth and industrial characteristics of Modena engineering industrial district and Mirandola bio-industrial district as the exemplary industrial district, so elucidate new principle of building industrial space named development of industrial districts. This work point out three characteristics which these industrial districts have. First, these districts have the production system based vertical dis-integration and specialization among enterprise like general industrial districts in Third Italy. This factor make Modena and Mirandola's production system coupled with specialized enterprise in coping with various demand of consumer. Second, technological innovation is very important factor in growing industrial districts. This factor contributes these two districts to have developed as the competitive industrial clusters in the world. Last point is the difference of local governance by the two city governments. Modena city government has made a lot of industrial spaces but in Mirandola the leading enterprise has contributed to shape the industrial district.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.365-370
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• 2015

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is an important hematopoietic growth factor and immune modulator. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of GM-CSF on the development and cell number of porcine parthenotes, as well as on their expression of implantation-related genes. In the present study, porcine parthenogenatic activated embryos were cultured in a protein-free culture medium in the absence or presence of 5, 10 and 20 ng/ml GM-CSF for 7 days. The percentage of blastocyst formation, total cell number and gene expressions were evaluated. The results showed that the addition of 20 ng/ml GM-CSF to protein-free culture medium significantly increased the blastocoel formation ($26.14{\pm}2.03%$ vs. $3.55{\pm}0.51%$, p < 0.05). In addition, the cell number also increased when they were cultured in the presence of 20 ng/ml GM-CSF ($43.51{\pm}3.6%$ vs. $30.68{\pm}5.51%$, p < 0.05). A real time reverse transcripts polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that GM-CSF enhances mRNA expression of the interleukin-6, but does not influence the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor mRNA expression in blastocyst stage parthenotes. These results suggest that GM-CSF may enhance the viability of porcine embryos developing in vitro in a defined culture medium.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.221-232
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• 2014

Many preliminary entrepreneurs are ready to start a business in every year. However, starting and preparing business have a lot of difficulties. Entrepreneurship is the most important factor for overcoming these difficulties. But, it is not easy to understand entrepreneurship to founders despite many research scholars. In this paper, we are focused on easy understanding of entrepreneurs. Instead of vague theories, we analyzed selected two companies in Korea. From the beginning until now, these companies have founders entrepreneurship and organization entrepreneurship. we studied these entrepreneurship factors with other Various causes. Analysis of two cases is summarized into three type. First, both companies had well-founded internal network system. Trained employees in internal network were flexible to meet the market conditions. Also, network effect made that employees can offer their idea and make discussions. Second, The company quickly recognized for organizational culture despite of most other companies recent awareness. This factor was the basic driving force for solving human resource management problem of small size companies. final factor is innovation capacity of these companies. Financial difficulties experienced of establishment is common to every company. However, two companies has continued to invest research and development despite of this financial problem. As a result, intellectual property management was accepted, as well as technology development. Clearly, these three factors are consistently applied since established and led to the company's continued growth and success.