• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 1996

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of transforming growth factor-$\beta$ (TGF-$\beta$) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in bovine oocyte maturation in the presence or absence of serum on subsequent fertilization and embryo development. In addition, various concent rations of these growth factors were evaluated for the ability to promote development of eight-cell stage embryos to the blastocyst stage. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were recovered from 2 to 6 mm follicles obtained from slaughterhouse ovaries and cultured at 38.5$^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours in TCM-199 (HEPES Modification) with or with out 20 % fetal bovine serum (FBS) to which the following growth factors were added TGF$\beta$ IGF-l or TGF $\beta$ + IGF-I, all at 10 ng/ml each. The matured oocytes were fertilized in IVF-TL medium with frozen-thawed semen at a concentration of 1 ${\times}$ 10$^6$ cells/ml of fertilization medium following Percoll separation. After 24 hours of sperm-egg incubation, the embryos were transferred to CZB medium without glucose for 48 hours and then cultured in TCM-199 with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 96 hours. The addition of growth factors to IVM medium in the presence of serum had no effect on cleavage and subsequent embryo devlopment to blastocyst. In the absence of serum, TGF- improved cleavage and development to blastocyst compared to control's(p<0.05) and no synergistic effeet of IGF-I + TGF-$\beta$ was observed. In the second experiment, eight-cell embryos obtained by in vitro maturation (IVM) in TCM-199 + 20% FBS without growth facrors and in vitro fertil-ization (IVF) were cultured in the in vitro cuiture (IVC) medium supplemented with 5, 10 ng/ml TGF-$\beta$ or 5, 10, 50, 100 ng/ml IGF-I. Cleavage rate and development to the blastocyst stage was observed during seven days of incubation. The supplementation of 10 ng/ml TGF-$\beta$ to lVC medium for eight-cell embryos improved development to blastocyst (p<0.05) compared to control. In conclusion, these data indicate that the supplementation of growth factors to IVM medium in the presence of serum does not influence cleavage and subsequent embryo development. However, significantly more oocytes matured in serum-free TCM-199 and eight-cell embryos cultured in lVC medium developed to blastocyst with supplementation of 10ng/ml TGF-$\beta$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.13-22
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• 2003

Train speed and infiltration of rainfall causes railway embankment to be unstable and may result in failure. Therefore, the variation in the safety factor of railway embankment should be analyzed as the function of rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, and train speed and the study is accomplished using numerical analysis program. Based on unsaturated soil engineering, the variables in the shear strength function and permeability function are also defined and used for the numerical model for evaluation of railway embankments under rainfall. As a result of the study, in order to secure the safety of train under rainfall, the variation in the safety factor of railway embankment is predicted as the function of rainfall intensity, duration time and the train load as a function of train speed. It is possible to ensure the safety of train under rainfall. Thereafter, the feasibility of the rail-transport operation control with engineering basis was established.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.409-434
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to clarify the cause and effects of evaluation attribute, visitor's satisfaction and behavioral intentions focused on Busan International Film Festival(BIFF). To achieve the study objective, 277 valid questionnaires were statistically analyzed, using frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis and path analysis. The results show that the evaluation attribute of local festival exerts a positive influence on visitor's satisfaction and behavioral intention. Second, visitor's satisfaction had positive effects on behavioral intention. The regional festival can vary depending on the visit is satisfied. Consequently, it was revealed how evaluation attribute is in the visitor's satisfaction and behavioral intention in local festival.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2013

In this paper, we discuss a 3-dimensional localization sensor node using EM waves (Electromagnetic waves) with RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator). Generally EM waves cannot be used in underwater environment, because the signal is highly attenuated by the water medium according to the distance. Although the signal quickly reduces in underwater, the reducing tendency is very clear and uniform. Hence EM waves have possibility as underwater distance sensors. The authors have verified the possibility by theory and several experiments, and developed calibration methods in case of linear and planer environment. For 3-dimensional localization in underwater, it must be known antenna's radiation pattern property in electric plane(called E-plane). In this paper, we proceed experiments to verify attenuation tendency with z axis movement, PLF (Polarization Loss Factor) and ILF (Inclination Loss Factor) with its theoretical approach.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2014

This study aims to examine residents' satisfaction and behavioral condition at the commercial street of Historic and Cultural Environmental Districts in Gyeongju. To achieve this, the study relied on empirical study method and additionally, present condition survey was performed with a user interview. residents' satisfaction and preferences analysis was conducted to figure out present conditions and improvements. This work has completed a total analysis of the architectural characteristics and street factors among various factors which influence residents' satisfaction level including physical street equipments and street view factors which are main contents of previous studies and street improvement project. Using statistical analysis, each factor's significance was verified quantitatively. Accordingly, this study presents prior consideration points before planning the commercial street improvement project and the region development project.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 2004

The finite element method were used to determine the stress intensity factor of cracked plate. The stress method, displacement method and J Integral are most popular finte element method. ANSYS proposed another a kind of displacement method. In this paper, it was examined that the accuracy and utility of the ANSYS method could believable to determine the stress intensity factors of centered inclined crack. Generally, inclined crack has two portion of stress intensity factors, tensile mode F1 and shear mode F2. For the purpose of increasing the accuracy of stress intensity factors, examined the effect of the numbers of nodes and elements, crack tip element size and number of partition of the crack tip vicinity. It was found that the method proposed by ANSYS is useful and has high accuracy. Accuracy of calculated stress intensity factors was increased by increase of the number of nodes and elements, and at the small size of crack tip elements can get more highly accuracy.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.234-243
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor affecting adjustment of freshmen nursing students to college life. Method: The data were collected from questionnaires filled out by 265 nursing students six schools from all parts of the country from May 19 to June 4, 2010. Data was analyzed by the SPSS (frequency, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis) program. Results: A positive correlation was found for college adjustment with psychological well-being, coping and mother attachment. The strongest predictor of college adjustment was an psychological well-being. In addition psychological well-being, coping, and contact frequency for interview with professor accounted for 39.2% of variance in college adjustment. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that development of psychological well-being and coping in nursing students is important to college adjustment. Further research in improving psychological well-being and coping is warranted.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.717-722
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• 2003

A driving simulator is a computer-controlled tool to study an interface between a driver and vehicle response by enabling the driver to participate in judging vehicle characteristics. Using the driving simulator, human factor study, vehicle system development and other research can be effectively done under controllable, reproducible and non-dangerous conditions. An Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system is generally regarded as a system that can be achieved in the near future without the demanding infrastructure components and technologies. ACC system is an automatic vehicle following system with no human engagement in the longitudinal vehicle direction. And the influence of the driver is substantial in developing the system. Driving characteristic is very different according to the accident riskiness, gender, age and so on. In this research, experiments have been carried out to investigate driving characteristics with the ACC system, using a driving simulator. Participants are 21 male and 19 female. Driving characteristics such as preferred headway-time, lane keeping ability, eye direction, and head movement have been observed and compared between the driving with ACC and the driving without ACC.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.622-635
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a tool to measure job stress related to occupational characteristics of infection control nurses. Methods: The tool was developed through the steps of literature reviews, preparatory questions, and a test of validity and confidence. The participants were 212 infection control nurses from 145 Korean hospitals. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficients, item analysis, factor analysis. Results: Through factor analysis, 38 items in four domains and nine factors were derived. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient of the final instrument was .95. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the measurement tool is reliable and valid to measure the job stress of infection control nurses.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.42-54
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• 2013

Information System (IS) Success Model proposed by DeLone and McLean is applied as a successful operation tool of information system, with its basic assumption of symmetric relationship between independent variables and dependent variables of the structural equation modeling. However, because previous studies have proved asymmetry of quality factors' influence structure on dependent variable by applying three-factor analysis, this study examined asymmetry of impact structure of quality factors introduced in IS Success Model on user satisfaction. Also the study applies structure equation modeling (SEM), three-factor analysis and importance and performance analysis (IPA) to develop resource allocation strategy for IS success. The study is able to provide IS practitioners with strategic implications for allocating and managing limited resources more effectively.