• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.5-15
• /
• 2015

This research paper has been attempted to inventory the atmospheric factors, contributing to better sales. Exploratory study was undertaken to identify various signs of store atmospherics variables that influence the buying behaviour of buyers. Thirty-four variables identified from this study were used to create a structured questionnaire. This questionnaire was then administered among shoppers in NCR Delhi using non-probability convenience sampling. To determine the atmospheric factors, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) along with Varimax Rotation was attempted. Using principal component factor analysis on the data collected, nine factors were identified to have impact on the store atmospheric. These were Querulous, Music, Sensitive, Budget Seeker, Sensuous, Light, Idler, Space seeker and Comfort Seeker. Contrary to the various earlier studies where music, space seeker and comfort seeker were considered to be most significant factors, light and querulous have emerged out to be the major factor that influences the store atmospheric. This study shows that customers are sensitive, space seekers and sensuous. Constituents of these factors reveal distinct patterns. This research may be used as guidelines for development and management of shopping malls in emerging countries. Retail marketers in India can take this cue in designing their strategies to attract consumers.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.7 no.9
• /
• pp.127-138
• /
• 2007

Due to the development of internet technology and the steady increase of turnover at B2C market many companies put a lot of work into maintaining a good relationship with internet customers. Particularly, analyzing and understanding specific customer groups are essential for effective CRM and marketing strategy Thus, this paper proposes the method to define the customers of online bookstore into several meaningful groups. Five important factors and factor scores for each respondent are obtained by Factor Analysis. Six groups are classified by Cluster Analysis and Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) is used to verify the difference between each group.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.989-993
• /
• 2007

A lactose-hydrolyzed milk with low sweetness was developed using nanofiltration. Raw milk was treated with 0.03% ${\beta}$-galactosidase at $4^{\circ}C$ for 24 h to hydrolyze lactose partially. The resultant lactose-hydrolyzed milk containing 0.43% lactose was then concentrated using a nanofiltration membrane to reach concentration factor of 2.13. The concentration factors and coefficients of retention of milk components in nanofiltration were determined. The concentration factor of milk fat was 2.20 which was the highest of the milk components. The coefficient of retention of calcium and riboflavin was 0.96 and 0.76, respectively. However, the coefficient of retention of glucose, galactose, and sodium was 0.21, 0.15, and 0.22, respectively. Raw milk was treated with 0.1% ${\beta}$-galactosidase at $4^{\circ}C$ for 40 h to hydrolyze lactose fully and then concentrated to reach a concentration factor of 1.6 by using nanofiltration. The concentrated milk was reconstituted with water. The lactose-hydrolyzed milk had sweetness similar to milk. The compositional ratios of crude protein, calcium, sodium, and riboflavin of lactose-hydrolyzed nanofiltrated milk to those of raw milk were 99%, 97%, 77%, and 80%, respectively. This study showed that nanofiltration of lactose-hydrolyzed milk to remove galactose and glucose did not cause significant loss of calcium. The lactose-hydrolyzed nanofiltrated milk contained 0.06% lactose and had sweetness similar to milk.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• v.28
• /
• pp.12.1-12.5
• /
• 2013

Objectives The role of genetic polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) for lung cancer development was evaluated. Methods Genotypes of the TNF-${\alpha}$ polymorphisms, -1210C>T, -487A>G, -417A>G, IVS1+123G>A, and IVS3+51A>G, were determined in 616 lung cancer cases and 616 lung cancer-free controls. Results After adjusting for body mass index and smoking, each TNF-${\alpha}$ genotype or haplotype composed of five TNF-${\alpha}$ single nucleotide polymorphisms did not show an association with lung cancer risk (p>0.05). The statistical power was found to be 88.4%, 89.3%, 93.3%, 69.7%, and 93.9% for 1210C>T, -487A>G, -417A>G, IVS1+123G>A, and IVS3+51A>G, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of each SNP or haplotype on lung cancer risk were not found to be different according to the cell type of lung cancer (p>0.05). In the repeated analysis with only subjects without other diseases related to inflammation, there was also no association between polymorphisms or haplotypes of the TNF-${\alpha}$ gene and lung cancer risk (p>0.05). Conclusions This study found no association between common variants of the TNF-${\alpha}$ gene and lung cancer risk.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.133-142
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of two-dimensional factor of motivators and hygiene on civil servants' job satisfaction using the partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) as a technique employed to analyze the measurement and structural models. Exploratory study was deployed to evaluate the relationship among variables. By using multistage stratified sampling, statistical data was collected from a survey of 441 public municipal civil servants who have employed in various levels (municipal government, districts and communes) in Vietnam. The findings provided evidence that hygiene factors (relationship with leader, salary, relationship with coworker and working environment) directly impact on civil servants' job satisfaction. Meanwhile, only career development factor from motivators significantly influenced on public employee's job satisfaction. Based on the empirical results, the hygiene factors of job satisfaction are more dominated that the motivators one. This finding suggests that municipal governments should focus policies on improving the hygiene factors which lead to higher job satisfaction on civil servants. Gaining a thorough understanding of the determinants of job satisfaction toward municipal public servants will enable policy makers to grasp the factors that results in retaining employees. Finally, the policy makers can use this knowledge to promote civil servants' job satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.29 no.7
• /
• pp.47-53
• /
• 2015

As the industrial development in Korea, the power demand is rapidly increased. The power system has been extended and complicated to meet the power demand. However, the fault current increases because the structure of power system reduces the equivalent impedance. One of the solutions to reduce the fault current is Superconducting Fault Current Limiter(SFCL) and the researches of SFCL application have much conducted. In this paper, we used the Circuit Breker Burden Index(CBBI) to select application location of SFCL because the CBBI may consider a fault current of each line. In addition, this paper divided the weight factor used to calculate the CBBI on a case by case basis and analyzed this characteristics through experiment.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.321-331
• /
• 1989

A bench scale incineration process for the burnable radwaste has been constructed and operated at KAERI as a self-surpported development of incineration technology. The purposes of operating the process are to get experience in incineration, to analyze the characteristics of combustion and to test the performance of off-gas treatment units. Simulated paper and polyethylene wastes were incinerated. Volume reduction ratio and decontamination factor of the process have been determined to observe the economical efficiency and operational capability of the process. A methodology to estimate the acceptance limit of specific activity to an incineration facility by using a decontamination factor and to calculate the volume reduction ratio of the facility is introduced. The acceptance criteria for different radionuclides in the combustible waste at the bench scale incineration process are suggested using this methodology.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2014

In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple regression (MR) models were developed to predict the critical factor of safety ($F_s$) of the homogeneous finite slopes subjected to earthquake forces. To achieve this, the values of $F_s$ in 5184 nos. of homogeneous finite slopes having different slope, soil and earthquake parameters were calculated by using the Simplified Bishop method and the minimum (critical) $F_s$ for each of the case was determined and used in the development of the ANN and MR models. The results obtained from both the models were compared with those obtained from the calculations. It is found that the ANN model exhibits more reliable predictions than the MR model. Moreover, several performance indices such as the determination coefficient, variance account for, mean absolute error, root mean square error, and the scaled percent error were computed. Also, the receiver operating curves were drawn, and the areas under the curves (AUC) were calculated to assess the prediction capacity of the ANN and MR models developed. The performance level attained in the ANN model shows that the ANN model developed can be used for predicting the critical $F_s$ of the homogeneous finite slopes subjected to earthquake forces.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.86-97
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the newly developed instrument, Meaning in Life, for elderly Korean people. Methods: Ten older adults participated in the qualitative research used to develop the initial items. Participants for the psychometric testing were 371 community-dwelling older adults. Validity and reliability analyses included content, construct, and criterion-related validities, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Results: The Meaning in Life Scale consisted of 12 items with three distinct factors; value of life, source of life, and will to live, which explained 86.7% of the total variance. A three-factor structure was validated by confirmatory factor analysis. Criterion-related validity was supported by comparison with the Purpose in Life Test (r=.74). Reliabilities were secured with test-retest reliability of Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) .85 and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient .90. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that this instrument is useful to measure meaning in life in Korean elders.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.67 no.2
• /
• pp.5-31
• /
• 2015

This study aims to develop the corporate philanthropy scale focusing on the guidelines of ISO26000 and to test its reliability and validity. For the purpose of this study, author conducted focus group interview, individually interview, consult and pilot test in order to clarify description and relevance of scale items. To test reliability and validation of scale, 94 staffs in charge of the corporate philanthropy work in the companies were surveyed as research subjects. The results of the explanatory factor analysis on scale found the six factor structure and 27 items. The construct validity and discriminant validity were confirmed through the confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the scale also remained at a high level. Based on these results, implications for corporate philanthropy was suggested.