• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2010

In order to development medicinal Artemisia herbs of high quality, Korean A. annua L. were investigated with its ecological and morphological characteristics, and basic statistical data of agronomic characteristics. This species, which is annual herb, is mainly distributed to marginal land, riverside, roadside, grassland. Ecological niche is low species in competition of the others. Its pollination is basically anemogamous, but is frequency pollinated by insects. This species is characterized as tap root, 1~3 pinnate compound leaf of ovate or narrowly ovate, stem is green, erect and solitary. Inflorescence is paniculate, receptacle is not hair. Capitulum, consist of ray floret and disk floret, is subglobose shape. Additionally, this species could be easily discriminated from related Artemisia herbs by the capitulum size. Ray floret is female, disk floret is bisexual. Flowering season is from August to October. Seed is achene unattached hair. Stem length ranged from 179 cm to 225 cm, and stem diameter and number of branch were $17.14\;{\pm}\;1.68\;mm$, $2.43\;{\pm}\;0.51\;mm$, respectively. Length and width of leaf were $14.5\;{\pm}\;0.5\;cm$, $15.0\;{\pm}\;1.0\;cm$, and leaf number of main stem were $48.06\;{\pm}\;10.57\;cm$, respectively. Fresh weight of aerial parts and root were $364.7\;{\pm}\;14.1\;g$, $32.6\;{\pm}\;5.1\;g$, and its dry weight were $136.6\;{\pm}\;10.0\;g$, $14.9\;{\pm}\;2.34\;g$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 1991

In order to know the influence of mast cells on the mammary tumor development, the growth of the mammary carcinoma, the numerical changes and the morphological findings of mast cells appeared in the tumor were microscopically observed in the rat treated with DMBA and each chemical of histamine, heparin, pyrilamine or cimetidine. The results observed were summarized as follows: The tumor induction time that represented the number of days elapsing between the 3rd DMBA administration until a first tumor became $10{\times}10mm$ in diameter was $42.5{\pm}4.7$ days, and the mean number of tumor mass per rat was $3.4{\pm}1.2$ in the DMBA-treated group. No significant difference was apparent in the tumor induction time of the histamine-treated group, heparin-treated group or pyrilamine-treated group compared with the control group, but in the cimetidine-treated group the tumor induction time was $61.8{\pm}10.6$ days (p<0.005). The mean number of tumors per rat was $2.1{\pm}0.9$ in the cimetidine-treated group in contrast to $3.4{\pm}1.3$ in the control group (p<0.005). Numerical changes of mast cells were observed according to the development of DMBA induced mammary tumors that were separated into three major classes of tumors. The numbers of mast cells in all the experimental group were inclined to increase significantly according to the mammary tumor development (p<0.005), and the histamine-treated group, heparin-treated group, or pyrilamine-treated group were nearly similar to the control group. But the mast cells in the each stage of tumor development were more numerous in the cimetidine-treated group than in the control group (p<0.005). There were not significant in the numerical changes of mast cells among the experimental groups on each stage of carcinomas separated by early stage, middle stage and late stage. In the morphological characteristics of mast cells, the degranulation was not detectable from the hyperplasia stages to the early stage of carcinoma, but its degranulation was observed at the middle stage of carcinoma. Most mast cells were nearly degranulated at the late stage of carcinoma. The histamine treated group, pyrilamine-treated group and cimetidine treated group did not differ from the control group in morphological changes of mast cells, but the degranulation was shown mild in the heparin-treated group. And the degranulation gave rise to the depletion of intercellular matrix via exocytosis all the experimental group. From above results, it is supposed that mast cells inhibit the tumor development and that the inhibition is not caused by a single-factor, but by a complex activities of mast cell mediators.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.254-267
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• 2018

The phenotypic traits of 63 Asian plum varieties were investigated for three years to select those with superior qualities for breeding. Eight morphological characteristics of the flowers and fruits (e.g., stigma position, fruit skin, and flesh color) were evaluated. Phenological characteristics (e.g., blooming time and ripening time) were also monitored. Being useful traits for breeding, fruit quality factors (e.g., fruit weight, skin color, flesh color, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity) were evaluated as well. The majority of the fruits were cordate (36%) and circular (23%) in shape. Approximately 78% of the varieties showed a red skin color, whereas 67% had yellowish fruit flesh. Fruit ripening occurred from June 28th to September 5th, spanning 69 days. The average fruit weight and soluble solids content were 77.2 g and $12.2^{\circ}Brix$, respectively. Regarding correlations among the characteristics, the most significant correlation coefficients were for the ripening time and fruit size parameters. Such information of Asian plum varieties will be useful for future breeding programs.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.331-341
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• 2022

This study was conducted to identify yeast species isolated from domestic pear blossom through gene sequencing and analysis of morphological characteristics, and to confirm specific yeast species inhibitory effects toward fire blight in immature apples, pears, and crab apple blossoms. Yeast morphological characteristics were consistent with the known characteristics of Aureobasidium pullulans. Nucleotide sequencing of the D1/D2 region of large-subunit (LSU) 26S ribosomal DNA and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region confirmed its identity as A. pullulans (MHAU2101). Inoculation of immature fruits with A. pullulans MHAU2101 before exposure to Erwinia amylovora prevented fire blight symptoms in apples and pears. A. pullulans MHAU2101 treated crab apple blossoms had a significantly lower flower infection rate than untreated blossoms, revealing 64% of the potency of streptomycin. The A. pullulans MHAU2101 treated group also displayed lower E. amylovora density in both pistil and hypanthium compared to the untreated group, especially in the hypanthium. This study confirms that A. pullulans MHAU2101 isolated from domestic pear blossom can effectively suppress the onset of fire blight.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.75-80
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• 2016

Morphological and culture characteristics of the novel Phellinus linteus variant KACC93057P collected in Korea were characterized in this study. The surface of the was angular, sessile, tough-woody, concentrically zonate, and dark brown in color. Basidiocarppores were circular, with 5-7 pores per mm. The hyphal system was dimitic, and basidiospores were ellipsoid or oval, $4.5-6{\times}4-5$, exhibiting characteristics typical of P. linteus. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was $25-30^{\circ}C$, and optimal pH for growth was 5-7. The mycelial growth rate of P. linteus KACC93057P was faster than that of other P. baumii isolates. On growth medium, KACC93057P formed aerial mycelia with density higher than that of other isolates. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-ribosomal DNA sequences were closely related to the sequences P. linteus complex.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.269-278
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• 2008

Ripe rot was frequently observed on fruits, leaves and stems of grape growing in eight locations in Korea from 2004 to 2006. All 30 isolates of Colletotrichum sp. were obtained from lesions of the ripe rot on grape plants. Out of the isolates, 19 isolates were identified as Colletotrichum acutatum and the others as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides based on morphological and cultural characteristics. Inter and intra specific variations of the Colletotrichum spp. isolates were investigated using RAPD and sequences of rDNA ITS and $\beta$-tubulin-2. Isolates of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides were distinctly differentiated by molecular analyses. Phylogenetic trees of ITS and$\beta$-tubulin-2 showed that Korean isolates of C. acutatum were clustered into groups A2 and A3 among the eight global groups. A2 included non-chromogenic isolates and A3 chromogenic ones. Both C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides isolates were tested for pathogenicity to grape leaves. All isolates tested induced lesions on the leaves of grape by artificial inoculation. There was no difference in pathogenicity between C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides isolates. This is the first report that C. acutatum except C. gloeosporioides causes grape ripe rot in Korea.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2021

This study was carried out to observe the development of the autonomous skeletal development of the Favonigobius gymnauchen. Total length (TL) of larvae 3 days after hatching (DAH) were mean TL of 3.34 mm, with a line-shaped parasphenoid ossification in the cranium and basioccipital ossification in the back. The 10 DAH larvae had a mean TL of 5.20 mm, with the number of caudal vertebrae increasing to 15. The urostyle and two hypural bones in the lower part also began to ossify. The 23 DAH juveniles had a mean TL of 8.47 mm. The pectoral girdle's skeleton was completed as the scapula and coracoid were ossified. The pelvic girdle also fully supported the ventral fin as its ossification was completed. Favonigobius gymnauchen and Tridentiger obscurus showed similar characteristics in terms of the anus location of hatched larvae, number of myotomes, and melanophore distribution during the morphological development of the larvae and juveniles. However, this study confirmed differences in the development of the vertebrae and urostyle bone.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.69-86
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• 1993

The larval stages of Hemigrapsus sanguineus were reared in the laboratory and described with illustrative figures. Five zoeal and one megalopal stages were found in the complete larval development. At 25^{\circ}C.$, the megalopa and the first crab instar were attained in 18 and 31 days after hatching, respectively. The first zoeal larva of H. sanguineus showed the characteristics ~ h i c h coincide with those of the same genus by bearing lateral spines on carapace, B-types of telson and antenna, 1 +5 setae on the endopod of maxillule, and 2 + 2 setae on the endopod of maxilla. Morphological features of H. sanguineus larvae were compared to the previous descriptions of larvae of the same genus and morphological differences among them were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 1971

Intensive taxonomical studies of the Aspergilli have long been made. Altogether 132 species and 18 varieties are recognized in the book "The Genus Aspergillus" written by Raper and Fennell (1965), in contrast to 77 species, 8 varieties and 4 mutations in " A Manual of Aspergilli" written 20 years earlier by Thom and Raper (1945). Classification of the Asperilli by Thom and Raper (1945) and by Raper and Fenell (1965). Classification of the Aspergilli by Thom and Raper (1945) and by Rapher and Fenell (1965) have been based mainly upon morphological and cultural detail both physiological and biochemical activities. In Korean there are many kinds of foods fermented natrually without the employment of selected microorganisms, and there are, of course, many different microorganisms serving in the fermentation fermented foods than other countries, the distribution and biological properties of the Asperigilli, in Korea are more variable. Taxonominical studies with 36 strains of Asperilli were based upon the examinations of morphological, cultural, and physiological characteristics. nineteen strains indigenous to Korea were selected from a lot of strains which had been isolated from meju and kokja and one strain from soil. They were identified according to the group key of Raper and Fennell. Ten strains were donated by Dr.Hesseltine of the Northern Utilization Research and Development Division in the U.S.A. From the Asp. japonicus supplied by Dr.Hesseltine, a white mutant was isolated and also studied. Two strains were donated by Dr. Murakami of the Research Institute of Brewing in Japan, and four strains came from Korean industrial companies.ndustrial companies.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 2018

Megaselia scalaris, also known as the scuttle fly, has a humpbacked morphology and was categorized as an insect undergoing complete metamorphosis. Megaselia scalaris was reported to be found in diverse environments. Recently, the scuttle fly has been a focus of studies by forensic scientists, geneticists, and developmental biologists. However, detailed research into scuttle fly development is still unclear. Therefore, the current study has been performed to elucidate the development of Megaselia scalaris. The scuttle fly undergoes four distinct stages of development: egg, larva, pupa and adult fly. After mating, the scuttle fly eggs hatch within one day and become larvae. The newly generated larvae go through 1, 2, and 3 instar stages within a period of 5~10 days. The instar stage 1 takes 1~2 days, instar stage 2 takes 1~2 days, and instar stage 3 takes 3~5 days. Depending on the environmental temperature, the pupae stage takes approximately 10~15 days to complete. The pupa stage can be divided into five sub-stages: 1~3 days, 4~6 days, 7~9 days, 10~12 days and 13~15 days. After molting, the newly formed adult scuttle fly can fly after one day. The morphological characteristics of the scuttle fly during each stage of development was detailed within this study.