• Gut and Liver
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.694-703
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• 2018

Background/Aims: Limited data exist comparing the safety and efficacy of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) monoinfected and HCV/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfected patients in the real-world clinic practice setting. Methods: All HCV monoinfected and HCV/HIV coinfected patients treated with DAAs between January 2014 and October 2017 in community clinic settings were retrospectively analyzed. Pretreatment baseline patient characteristics, treatment efficacy, factors affecting sustained virologic response at 12 weeks (SVR12) after treatment, and adverse reactions were compared between the groups. Results: A total of 327 patients were included in the study, of which 253 were HCV monoinfected, and 74 were HCV/HIV coinfected. There was a statistically significant difference observed in SVR12 when comparing HCV monoinfection and HCV/HIV coinfection (94% and 84%, respectively, p=0.005). However, there were no significant factors identified as a predictor of a reduced response. The most common adverse effect was fatigue (27%). No significant drug interaction was observed between DAA and antiretroviral therapy. None of the patients discontinued the treatment due to adverse events. Conclusions: In a real-world setting, DAA regimens have lower SVR12 in HCV/HIV coinfection than in HCV monoinfection. Further studies involving a higher number of HCV/HIV coinfected patients are needed to identify real predictors of a reduced response.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of cotton and silk/rayon fabrics dyed with Saururus chinensis extract against antibiotic-resistant strains. The concentration of the concentrated dye in the Saururus chinensis extracts was 1.1% (o.w.f), and the liquor ratio was 1:10 at 30-70℃. The mordanting method was a post mordanting method. The concentration of Al2(SO4)3, CuSO4 5H2O and FeSO4 and7H2O mordant was 5% (o.w.f), and the liquor ratio was 1:40. In order to assess the antimicrobial activity of naturally dyed fabrics, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 33591, was used by incubating it in Brain Heart Infusion Agar (BHA) including Oxacillin (2㎍/ml) and Fungizone (2.5㎍/ml) and Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI; Detroit, MI, USA.) The investigation of the reduction of the rate of antibiotic-resistant strains to dyed cotton fabrics and silk/rayon fabrics revealed that Cu mordanting fabric has the highest antimicrobial effects, with the rate of 99.7%, and Fe mordanting fabric has the lowest, with 77.7%. Non-mordant cotton fabrics also show a high reduction rate of strains (94.6%). In the case of dyed silk/rayon fabrics, it indicates a high reduction in the rate of strains in all fabrics with non-mordant treatment (94.2%), Al mordanting (99.6%), and Cu and Fe mordanting(99.9%).

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2021

본 연구는 피부 섬유아세포에 자외선을 조사하거나 TNF-α를 처리하면 세포에 따라 MMP-1의 발현이 다르게 나타나는데, 이것이 MMP-1 프로모터의 다형성에 의해서 나타남을 밝히기 위해 수행되었다. 시판하는 23 종의 primary 섬유아세포에 대하여 MMP-1 프로모터의 -1607 부위의 유전형을 분석한 결과 6 개의 1G/1G 유전형, 10 개의 1G/2G 유전형, 7 개의 2G/2G 유전형을 가진 섬유아세포를 확인할 수 있었다. Hs68과 Detroit 551 세포주는 1G/2G 유전형을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 1G/1G 유전형은 TNF-α 처리에 의해 대조군에 비해 MMP-1이 2 배 높게 발현되었으며, 자외선에 의해서는 거의 발현되지 않았다. 1G/2G 유전형의 경우는 TNF-α 처리에 의해 MMP-1이 2.45 배 높게 발현되었으며, 자외선에 의해서는 1.4 배 MMP-1이 발현되었다. 2G/2G 유전형의 경우는 TNF-α 처리에 의해 MMP-1이 1.35 배 발현되었으며, 자외선에 의해서는 2.5 배로 높게 발현되었다. 즉 1G 유전형은 TNF-α에 의해, 2G 유전형은 자외선에 의해 발현이 유도되는 것으로 추정할 수 있으며, -1607 위치에 하나 더 삽입된 G에 의해서 Ets 전사인자가 결합할 수 있는 site가 만들어져서 MMP-1의 발현이 증가한다고 추정할 수 있으며, 피부 노화와 관련하여 섬유아세포에서는 이에 대한 연구가 전혀 진행되어 있지 않아서 향후 추가로 연구되어야 할 부분이다. 피부는 내인성 노화와 광노화의 영향을 동시에 받는 기관이므로, 피부 노화를 개선하기 위한 타겟으로 MMP-1의 발현을 분석할 경우에는 실험 조건에 적합한 유전형을 가지는 세포를 선택하여 연구를 진행하는 전략을 세워야 할 필요성이 대두된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.8725-8734
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• 2014

The transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$) gene 29 T/C polymorphism is thought to be associated with breast cancer risk. However, reports are largely conflicting and underpowered. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of all available case-control studies relating the TGF-${\beta}1$ 29T/C polymorphism to the risk of developing breast cancer by including a total of 31 articles involving 24,021 cases and 31,820 controls. Pooled ORs were generated for the allele contrasts, with additive genetic, dominant genetic and recessive genetic models. Subgroup analysis was also performed by ethnicity for the TGF-${\beta}1$ 29T/C polymorphism. No association was found in the overall analysis (C vs T: OR=1.028, 95% CI=0.949-1.114, p-value 0.500; CC vs TC: OR= 1.022, 95% CI=0.963-1.085, p-value 0.478; CC vs TT: OR= 1.054, 95% CI=0.898-1.236, p-value 0.522; CC vs TT+ TC: OR= 1.031, 95% CI=0.946-1.124, p-value 0.482; TT vs CC+TC: OR= 0.945, 95% CI=0.827-1.080, p-value 0.403). Similarly, in the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, no association was found in Caucasian (C vs T: OR= 1.041, 95% CI=0.932-1.162, p-value 0.475; CC vs TC: OR= 1.031, 95% CI=0.951-1.118, p-value 0.464; CC vs TT: OR= 1.081, 95% CI=0.865-1.351, p-value 0.493; CC vs TT+TC: OR= 1.047, 95% CI=0.929-1.180, p-value 0.453; TT vs CC+TC: OR= 0.929, 95% CI=0.775-1.114, p-value 0.429;) and Asian populations (C vs T: OR= 1.004, 95% CI=0.908-1.111, p-value 0.931; CC vs TC: OR= 0.991, 95% CI=0.896-1.097, p-value 0.865; CC vs TT: OR= 1.015, 95% CI=0.848-1.214, p-value 0.871; CC vs TT+TC: OR= 1.000, 95% CI=0.909-1.101, p-value 0.994; TT vs CC+TC: OR= 0.967, 95% CI=0.808-1.159, p-value 0.720;). No evidence of publication bias was detected during the analysis. No significant association with breast cancer risk was demonstrated overall or on subgroup (Caucasian and Asian) analysis. It can be concluded that TGF-${\beta}1$ 29T/C polymorphism does not play a role in breast cancer susceptibility in overall or ethnicity-specific manner.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.333-350
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• 1999

Today freeway is thought to be a very important transportation facility carrying tremendous traffic flow as the main corridor within the area of between the areas. However freeway is experiencing severe congestion and accidents by increased entrance ramp flow especially at peak time period. Ramp meters on the freeway entrance ramps that supply traffic to the freeway in a measured or appropriately regulated amount are needed for alleviating freeway congestion. Because ramp meters can be operated to discharge traffic at a measured or regulated rate thus maintaining more uniform speed on the mainline section maximizing the throughput to the freeway within the capacity of a downstream bottleneck and reducing the congestion related accidents. Thus the objectives in this study were to analyze the traffic characteristics on the freeway I-94 with ramp metering system before/after ITS technology in Detroit (Michigan) area compare shifts of the traffic characteristics on the freeway I-94 before/after ITS technology and finally suggest a better ramp metering strategy for the freeway system The following results were obtained: i)Flow occupancies and speeds on the mainline merge section of freeway were shown to be a big difference depending on the peak periods areas and directions based on the distribution of traffic flow characteristics on the freeway. ii)Reduced speed was shown to be more than 5 mph and ramp flow was also shown to be more than 240 vph at peak periods if there was the ramp metering system constructed on the freeway. iii)Ramp metering system was shown to be optimally operated on the freeway if ramp flow could be maximized within the range of over 900 vph and reduced occupancy could be also maximized by no more than 2 percent at peak periods. iv)The average flows on the freeway after the ITS technology were shown to be a decrease of over 20% depending on the peak periods areas and directions when compared with those flow on the freeway before the ITS technology. over 20% depending on the peak periods areas and directions when compared with those speeds on the freeway before the ITS technology. vi)The average metering rates on the freeway after the ITS technology were shown to be an increase of over 10% depending on the peak periods areas and directions when compared with those metering rates on the freeway before the ITS technology.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.652-656
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• 2005

본 연구를 통하여 규칙적인 수영 트레이닝이 체중의 감소를 일으켰으며(온수 및 냉수), 특히 냉수 훈련이 큰 감소를 나타내었다. 온수 훈련군에서는 $INF-\gamma$의 감소를 유발하여 림프구의 증식을 Th0에서 Th2 쪽으로 유도한다는 사실을 알 수 있었으며, 이로 인해 결핵균을 감염시켰을 경우 오히려 폐와 비장에서 결핵균의 수가 현저히 증가하는 사실을 알 수 있어, 수영 훈련군에게서의 결핵균 감염 시 대조군에 비해 균수가 현저히 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 하지만 냉수 훈련군에서는 통제군에 비해 $INF-\gamma$의 현저한 증가를 보여, 결핵균 감염 시 폐에서 결핵균 수가 감소함을 확인 할 수 있었다.