• 환경정책연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.17-40
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• 2003

The objective of this paper is to formulate strategies and action programs for developing sustainable agriculture in Korea. There is increasing evidence that agriculture has been preoccupied with increasing productivity much to the detriment of environmental degradation. The issue of increasing agricultural productivity so as not to undermine the environment is a difficult task. In reality, there are many definitions of sustainable agriculture and sustainable agricultural development. In this paper, sustainable agriculture is defined by its ability to ensure future supplies of agricultural products at acceptable economic and environmental costs to the society. Sustainable agriculture development refers to the optimal level of interaction among the three dimensions - the environmental, the economic and the social - through dynamic and adaptive processes of trade-off. In order to formulate the strategies for developing sustainable agriculture, three stage approaches such as strategic analysis, strategic choice, and strategic implementation are employed. The basic framework for strategies of sustainable agriculture development consists of five steps such as vision, targets, principles, action plan and policy instruments. The major action plans for activating formulated strategies are suggested as integrating agricultural and environmental policy measures, establishing the system of optimal agri-environmental resources management practices, establishing safe and high quality product system and its effective marketing system, increasing the R&D investment for developing sustainable agro-technology, developing indicators for measuring sustainable agricultural development, and taking a share in related roles for all parties including farmers, consumers, policy makers, researchers and NGOs.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제55권
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• pp.95-124
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• 2012

Referring to Buyer's obligations, the Buyer must pay the price for the goods and take delivery of them as required by the contract. There are vital importances to the Buyer's Fundamental Breach. The legal effects of a breach of contract do not depend on the nature of the obligation broken, but on the consequences of the breach the detriment to the other party. The obligations mentioned to Article 53 are primary obligations which are to be fulfilled in the normal performance of the contract. They include a number of different acts which could be seen as the subject-matter of different obligations. CISG gives further details for the payment of the price in Articles 54 to 59 and for taking delivery in Article 60. The buyer has to take delivery at the respective place within a reasonable period after this communication since he cannot be required to take delivery immediately. Refusing to take delivery in case of delay not constituting a ground for avoiding the contract makes no sense, since this would lead to even later delivery. For the understanding of Buyer's Fundamental Breach, We need to search the Cases referring to the breach of buyer's main obligations.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.203-216
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• 1999

This paper describes a set of multi-pathway models for estimating health risk to lead. The models link concentrations of an environmental contaminant (lead) in air, water and food to human exposure through inhalation, ingestion, and dietary routes. Exposure is used as the foundation for predicting risk of health detriment within the population. The process of estimating exposure using often limited data and extrapolating to a large diverse population requires many assumption, inferences, and simplification. This paper is divided into four section. The first section provides lead contaminant levels on obtaining environmental concentration of air, tap water, and foods. The second section provides a discussion of exposure parameters and uncertainty associated predicting human health risk of contaminants. The third and fourth section illustrate lifetime average daily exposure (LADE) and excess cancer risk (ECR) based on exposure parameters. The relationship between concentration of lead in an environmental medium and human exposure is determined with pathway exposure factors (PEFs). The calculation of LADE and ECR is carried out using Monte-Carlo simulation with probability density function of exposure parameters. Examination of the result reveals that, for lead exposure, ingestion (food) is the dominant route of exposure rather than inhalation (air), and ingestion (tap eater).

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제10권
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• pp.219-238
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• 1999

Obestity, characterized by an excess accumulation of fat, is a detriment to good health and wellbeing. It is easy for individuals to take on excess fat as soon as enough food and leisure are available in a society, causing an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Although there has been disagreement as to which side of this energy equation is more important in th epidemic of obesity, both sides are certainly involved. I think the prevalence of obesity begins with infancy. It seems to be relatively constant throughout childhood. Some retrospective studies have suggested that there is a direct progression from a fat chile to a fat adult. Obesity has been associated with excess mortality in many studies. The effect of obesity on cardiovascular disease has not always been an independent one, but has generally been through exacerbation of other rish factors such as hypertention, diabetes, hyperlipedmia, galbladder disease, gout and cancer of the grease and endometrium. The weights of identical twins raised in separate homes have been reported to be similar, thereby suggesting that heredity contributes significantly to weight. Overweight and obesity are by far greater health problems for many people in our society. Therefore in this paper we consider the relationship between body energy balance and problems of obesity. Whatever the weight of the person, the goal of the nutritionist and health care workers is to find solutions that will allow persons to feel better about themselves.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권4A호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2011

이 논문에서는 주파수 효율을 높이기 위하여 부분적으로 동일 부반송파를 할당한 MIMO(Multi-Input Multi-Out)-OFDMA(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access) 시스템에서 동일 부반송파 간섭과 다중 경로 신호를 제거하기 위한 다중 적응 빔 형성기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법에 의해 간섭제거 이외에 다중 안테나로 부터 도착된 각 DOA마다 빔 패턴이 형성되어 다이바시티 이득을 얻을 수 있고 지연 시간에 따른 성능열화를 방지 할 수 있다. MIMO-OFDMA 시스템에 제안된 다중 적용 빔 형성기를 적용할 경우 성능 및 제시된 개선 효과를 모의 실험을 통하여 확인한다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.588-596
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• 2003

The relationships between evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of porous Al-3Si-2Mg-2Cu alloy after the foaming and various heat treating were investigated. The foamed alloy having various densities were manufactured by powder compact foaming and heat treated. Then compression test was performed with deformation rate of 0.5/s. The ultimate compression strength was not changed after solution heat treatment but the flow curve after ultimate strength showed very smooth and uniform plateau region. This change of flow curve means that the deformation mechanism is altered from brittle fracture to ductile deformation and the energy absorption property of Al foam is dramatically improved. The improvement of energy absorption without any detriment of mechanical properties is due to that the very brittle precipitation like Al-Cu and Al-Mg was uniformly dissolved in Al matrix after solution heat treatment. And various mechanical properties of Al alloy porous material were improved by 40% with aging of $200^{\circ}C$ and 50min. These improvements are ascribe to the various fine precipitates like $\Omega$ and $\theta$'.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2004

This study was carried out to analyze physicochemical properties according to the soil height and to the six types of sites that were used as planting ground in the reclaimed land from the sea, Gwangyang Bay. The physicochemical properties of the soil types were tested by t-test(p<0.01, 0.05), at each of the 6 planting ground sites(p<0.01, 0.05), and at each height(p<0.01) of the planting grounds. These areas were tested by ANOVA and were significantly different. Improved soil was better than reclaimed soil from the sea for Zelkova growth because the improved soil contained lower amounts of pH, ECe, N $a^{+}$, $Ca^{++}$, $Mg^{++}$ SAR. Due to freedom from variables such as salt content in the underground as well as the physical and chemical disturbance of the soil, favorable planting ground for tree growth was recorded at the higher grounds than at the lower ones. Soil detriment to the tree growth in the studied sites included elements such as soil hardness, and the distribution of sodium in the tree root systems. The planting grounds for the favorable growth of landscape trees were determined in the following order: the grounds of mounding> the coved ground of improved soil, and the filled ground of improved soil.l.l.l.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.136-140
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• 1984

원자력발전소 사고 후 그 위험도를 평가하는 새로운 방법으로 몬테칼로 방법을 제시한다. 본 연구에서는 발전소 주위의 주민에게 주는 방사선의 영향을 평가하기 위하여 공기중의 확산계산에 부지에서 측정한 기상조건을 직접 사용하고 있다. 사고가 일어나는 순간에서의 화산조건은 주어진 기상자료로부터 분석된 pdf에 의하여 결정되고 그이후의 조건(풍향, 풍속, 안정도)은 마르코프 조건을 만족시킨다고 가정하였다. 예제로써 KNU-1의 냉각재 상실사고를 분석한 절과 50마일내의 주민이 받는 선량은 50퍼센트 신뢰도를 갖고 200 man-Sv이다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.171-185
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• 2018

Students and other new readers of modernist poetry often experience difficulty with the influential early work of Ezra Pound. Although these typically brief poems may appear (deceptively) simple, an understanding of the relationship between Imagism and Vorticism is crucial to reading-or teaching-them effectively, which in turn requires significant familiarity with relevant poetics theories as well as representative poems. This essay clarifies the complex relations Imagism and Vorticism as two distinct styles that are too often conflated to the detriment of an accurate understanding of either one (and, in consequence, of the later modernist poetry that builds on their discoveries). In order to elucidate the modernists' justification of free verse over traditional metrical composition, I begin with an elaboration of T. E. Hulme's 1911 theory of the "cheerful, dry, and sophisticated" modern classicism on which both Imagism and Vorticism were largely predicated, developing Hulme's important distinction between the version of classicism that is "static" (and gives rise to Imagism) and the one that is "dynamic" (and leads to Vorticism and beyond it). In the following two sections, I draw upon and synthesize a broad range of Pound's own poetics statements to reveal the evolution of first sound ("melopoeia") and then the image ("phanopoeia") throughout his early work. Although the body of this article is analytical and historical in nature, it concludes with a practical template prompt for a creative response assignment, appropriate to undergraduate and graduate students, designed to help new readers recognize for themselves how Vorticist art works and why it matters.

• 연구윤리
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2022

Purpose: A conflict of interest is defined broadly as a scenario in which one's responsibilities and self-interest collide in a manner that has a significant probability of corrupting one's discernments, motivations, actions, desires, values, and judgments. This study aims to investigate various cases of conflict of interest. Research design, data and methodology: Our study used the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) to identify resources. The eligibility of selected prior studies thoroughly was investigated whether they are suitable for the topic of present study. Finally, we collected total 15 previous studies published between 2000 and 2021. Results: Research findings indicate that there are three main cases that might cause a conflict of interest and mandated research ethics education might provide researchers with the tools to identify and battle the temptations and biases provided by conflicts of interest. Researchers could likely be better prepared for conflicts of interest if they investigated the moral difficulties associated with them in advance. Conclusions: Researchers might evade deliberate or unconscious detriment of duties, and also objectivity loss because of the siren song of self-interest by escaping situations whereby they may be tempted to shirk their responsibilities, not to remark the hassles of unveiling conflicts.