• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.432-439
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• 2000

This study was condo더ed to investigate the antitoxic component in aqueous extract of Houttuynia cordata $T_{HUNB}$. The results were as follows: Generally, detoxification effects by Houttuynia cordata $T_{HUNB}$ extract increased in proportion to the extract concentrations in rats. When 40 mBtg dosage of Houttuynia cordata $T_{HUNB}$ extract was administrated, Houttynia cordata $T_{HUNB}$ extract showed the highest antitoxic effects in metallothionein induction. After the extract treatment, body weights increased in proportion to the extract concentrations. However, after 3 weeks, the body weight decreased insignificantly. From the above results, Houttuynia cordate $T_{HUNB}$ extract increased metallothionein concentration and decreased the toxicity of cadmium in rats. In vitro the antitoxic activity of aqueous extract of Houttuynia cordata $T_{HUNB}$ on NIH 373 fibroblasts was evaluated by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetra-zoliumbromide) and SRB (sulforhodamine B protein) assays. The light microscopic study was carried out to observe morphological changes of the treated cells. These results were obtained as follows; The concentration of 10$^{-2}$ mg/ml of Houttuynia cordata $T_{HUNB}$ extract was shown significant antitoxic activity The number of NIH 373 fibroblasts were increased and tend to regenerate. These results suggest that Houttuynia cordata THUNB extract retains a potential antitoxic activity.oxic activity.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.153-164
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• 2023

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of tumor cells characterized by self-renewal and differentiation capacity. CSCs are currently postulated as the driving force that induces intra-tumor heterogeneity leading to tumor initiation, metastasis, and eventually tumor relapse. Notably, CSCs are inherently resistant to environmental stress, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy due to high levels of antioxidant systems and drug efflux transporters. In this context, a therapeutic strategy targeting the CSC-specific pathway holds a promising cure for cancer. NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2; NFE2L2) is a master transcription factor that regulates an array of genes involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species/electrophiles. Accumulating evidence suggests that persistent NRF2 activation, observed in multiple types of cancer, supports tumor growth, aggressive malignancy, and therapy resistance. Herein, we describe the core properties of CSCs, focusing on treatment resistance, and review the evidence that demonstrates the roles of NRF2 signaling in conferring unique properties of CSCs and the associated signaling pathways.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.97-128
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• 2023

Objectives : This study aims to examine the efficacy and application of Cannabis according to its parts. Methods : Contents on efficacy, treatment, and application of Cannabis in Material Medica and other texts of East Asian Medicine were collected and interpreted to deduce each characteristic. Results : Cannabis was found to be applicable to various wind symptoms and wind stroke, various pain and injuries, skin diseases, blockage or leaking of urine or feces, disease related to genitalia and anus, chronic ague, women's disease related to menstruation, birth, pregnancy, and to have the effects of heightening perceptive and sensory organs, detoxification and anesthesia, stimulating hair growth, and eradicating parasites. It drives out wind-heat pathogenic qi, circulates qi and blood, which allowed it to be applied not only to blockages but to symptoms of leakage. In other words, Cannabis was used when both excess and deficiency diseases were present, the former caused by acute blockage and the latter accompanied by stagnation. Conclusions : Based on the findings of this study, future researches on the efficacy and application of Cannabis could be done more systematically. In line with recent trend of wide application of medical Cannabis, we hope for it to be more actively used in the field of East Asian Medicine based on objective evidence.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2023

The liver, a multifunctional organ, plays a vital role in maintaining overall health and well-being by regulating metabolism, detoxification, nutrient storage, hormone balance, and immune function. Liver diseases, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, and liver cancer, have significant clinical implications and remain a global health concern. This article reviews the therapeutic potential of silkworm larvae (Bombyx mori) and explores their underlying molecular mechanisms in protecting against liver diseases. Silkworm larvae are rich in proteins, vitamins, minerals, and n-3 fatty acids, making them a promising candidate for therapeutic applications. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of silkworm larvae involve modulating the production of cytokine such as TNF-α and interleukins, inflammatory enzymes including cyclooxygenase-2 and macrophage polarization, thereby attenuating liver inflammation. Silkworm larvae also exhibit anti-oxidative effects by scavenging free radicals, reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species and enhancing the liver's antioxidant defense system. Moreover, silkworms have been reported to decrease the serum alcohol concentration and lipid accumulation. Understanding the therapeutic properties of silkworm larvae contributes to the development of innovative strategies for liver injury prevention and treatment. Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise signaling pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of silkworm larvae, paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions in liver diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.212-218
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• 2006

Changes of paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) contents, toxicity and toxin composition with pH and storing periods at different temperature in toxic blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, were tested by using fluorometric HPLC method. Toxicity at pH 3 was the highest as 14.1 MU/g $(100\%)$ and showed 12.9 MU/g $(92.1\%)$ at pH 5, 9.0 MU/g $(63.8\%)$ at pH 7, 3.6 MU/g $(25.5\%)$ at pH 9 and 0.8 MU/g $(5.7\%)$ at pH 10 which suggested PSP was unstable at alkaline conditions. The decrease in toxicity during storage days was depend on pH and temperature. The toxicity markedly decreased until during the first S day storage $(19.9\~65.3\%)$ at all pH (3, 5, 7, 9) and temperature (30, 5, $-20^{\circ}C$), but, slightly decreased after then till to 30 days. C group toxin (C1 and C2) was the major components and other toxins such as GTX 1,2,3,4, STX and dcSTX were detected. Among the 8 toxins, GTX1,4, dcSTX and STX were firstly decreased according to the decreasing the toxicity at all processing conditions. The toxicity in blue mussel (14.1 MU/g) were able to remove by heating over 10 minutes at pH higher than 7.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.655-662
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• 2016

Ginsenosides are major constituents of ginseng and are known to be responsible for its pharmacological properties. This study aimed to investigate the detoxification effect of a mixture containing black red ginseng powder, red ginseng extract, Puerariae radix extract, and Hovenia dulcis extract, on SD (Sprague Dawley) rats treated with 30% ethanol. Thirty minutes before treatment, the animals were orally administered different concentrations of the mixture or water. Results revealed that the concentration of ethanol in blood serum was significantly decreased in the black red ginseng mixture treated group in a dose-dependent manner, as compared with that of the control group. The blood level of acetaldehyde increased until 1 hr after alcohol administration, but the levels rapidly decreased later. Furthermore, ADH and ALDH activities in the hepatic tissue were also increased in the black red ginseng mixture administered group, than in the control group. These results indicate that the black red ginseng mixture has the ability of decomposing alcohol by increasing the ADH and ALDH activities responsible for alcohol metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2001

Cancer chemoprevention refer to the use of natural or synthetic substances to prevent the initiational and promtional events that occur during the process of carcinogenesis. The effect of Prunella Herba Vulgaris L. Aqua-acupuncture Solution (PVAS) and Prunella Herba Vulgaris L. Water-extracted Solution (PVWS) on the induction of phase II detoxification enzyme (quinone reductase, Glutathione S-transferase) and inhibition of phase I enzyme (cytochrome P4501A1) and benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation was examined. PVAS is potent inducers of quinone reductase activity. Glutathione levels were increased with PVAS, in cultured murine hepatoma Hepa1c1c7 cells. In addition glutathione S-transferase levels were increased with PVAS. However, there was 45.2% inhibition in the activity of cytochrome P4501A1 enzyme with the treatment of PVAS, $5{\times}$. At concentration of $1{\times}$ and $3{\times}$ of PVAS, the binding of $[^3H]B[a]P$ metabolites to DNA of NCTC-clone 1469 cell was inhibited by 25.3%, 45.0%, respectively. These results suggest that PVAS has chemopreventive potential by inducing quinone reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities, increasing GSH levels, inhibiting the activity of cytochrome P4501A1 and benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adduct formation.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.261-274
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• 2015

Although fasting programs have recently attracted close attention because of benefits of detoxification, few studies have examined these programs. This study investigates the effects of a modified juice-based fasting program on lipid metabolism. A total of 33 volunteers fasted for 10 days and participated in program lectures, exercise programs, water bath regimens, and enemas. Pre- and post-program blood samples were obtained to evaluate lipoprotein levels. A paired t-test was conducted using SPSS 18.0. Changes in the lipid profile were observed during the juice-based fasting program and attending 3 degrees. All lipid profiles decreased significantly, including total cholesterol (TC) (p<0.001), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p<0.05). Program participation was documented by assessing attendance levels as high, moderate, and low. TC decreased significantly in all programs and levels (p<0.05), TG decreased proportionally only in enemas according to the attending degree: high (48 %), moderate (20 %), and low (10 %). HDL-C decreased at all low levels, but moderate exercise ($53.8{\pm}12.5mg/dL$ to $55.6{\pm}10.2mg/dL$) and a high enema ($54.9{\pm}14.1mg/dL$ to $55.0{\pm}9.4mg/dL$) showed small increases. The antioxidant property of the juice-based fasting program in terms of the blood vessel, enemas, and exercise played an important role in preventing cardiovascular disease from increased levels of HDL-C. These results suggest that juice-based fasting and combined lifestyle programs may help improve lipid metabolism and protect against dyslipidemia.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.479-487
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the phytoprotective effects of uniconazole on $SO_2$ injury in P. occidentalis. The detoxification role of free radical scavengers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) was also examined under the conditions of combined treatment with uniconazole and diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC). Uniconazole drenching significantly reduced the occurrence of visible injuries. Though shoot length, leaf area, and T/R rate were greatly decreased by uniconazole application, the tolerance to $SO_2$ was enhanced through increased chlorophyll content and activities of SOD and POD. Spray of DDTC decreased the activity of SOD and POD resulting in the increase of visible injury. Plant tolerance to $SO_2$ induced by uniconazole application was reduced by the additional application of DDTC. These results indicate that plant tolerance to $SO_2$ induced by uniconazole is associated with the reduction of vegetative growth as well as the increase in free radical scavengers such as SOD and POD.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.131-138
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• 2007

Herbal medicine has been traditional used for prevention and treatment of treatment of disease, because herbal medicine has few side effects in the human body. Anti-medicines such as antimicrobial medicine and anti-cancer medicine, which contains herbal medicine, are being studied vigorously by researchers. The effects of Geum Japonicum Thumb are restorative, blood circulation and detoxification. It also treats hematemesis, menstruation and furunculus. The ingredients of Geum Japonicum Thumb include geoside and tannin. The study measured antioxidative activation and antifungal activation by using Geum Japonicum Thumb water and methanol extract. The crude extract, which was used for this study, was Korean herbal medicine and the results are as follows. As Geum Japonicum Thumb extracts get stronger, the antioxidative activation tended to increase. The antioxidative activation hit its peak when the density of methanol extract was 120ug/ml. The experiment showed that a 1.0mm clear zone appeared when the density of the Geum Japonicum Thumb methanol extracts were 1000ug/ml in the Staphylococcus epidermidis and 1.1mm clear zone at Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results of this study concludes that the antioxidative activation is lubricated in the Geum Japonicum Thumb extracts. In addition, the antifungal activation occurred in the fungus of the Staphylococcus epidermidis and the Pseudomonas aeruginosa.