• 환경위생공학
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 1990

Since the production of synthetic detergents in 1966, the demand of detergents increased rapidly during the past in Korea. Its production which was solely for donlestic consumption leaped from 402 tons in 1966 to 259387 tons in 1989. Practically all of these products were the anionic detergents primarily sodium salts of Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate(ABS). ABS persists for long periods in stream because of its resistance to triodegradation. Therefore synthetic detergents have been considered major contributors to water pollution. The detergents give a raise to be noted is foaming at sewage treatment plant and the drinking water contaminated by detergents have often been accompanying taste and odor. So the biodegradable Linear Alkyl benzene Sulfonate(LAS) has been adapted as the substituents for the Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate (ABS) since the 1980. However, the Inassive bubbles stemmed from use of synthetic detergents in the sewage treatment plant and the branch of tile Han River had been reported. Therefore, this investigation less undertaken so as to know the pollution of detergents in domestic sewage and the receiving river, and determine the biodegradation of synthetic detergents since ABS has been replaced by LAS in 1980. The study results on the pollution and biodegradation of synthetic detergents were as follows . 1. The major streams in Seoul were contaminated by synthetic detergents. The concentration of detergents were 2.48 mg/l of Anyangchon. 2. The biodegradation were determined by spontaneous settling and aeration. Since the LAS was substitute for ABS in 1980, detergents was more easy to biodegradable. The reduction ratio of Tanchon, Chungranchon, and Anyangchon were 15% , 11% and 16% by the settling and 76%, 77% and 82% by aerations for 5 days.

• 대한가정학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한가정학회 1997년도 Program & Abstracts * The 7th Korea-Japan Home Economics Joint Syposium
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• pp.119-119
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• 1997

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.15-30
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to understand consumer use and awareness of refill-products in perspective of environmental protections. One hundread seventy-four married women living around Cheongju-city were selected because married women are the major buyers of refill-procucts. The major findings were as follows: 1) While detergents refill-products were found to be the most favorable one, cosmetics refill-products were found to be the worst favorable. 2) Married women complained different quality and quantity between refill-products and nonrefill-products in general. 3) Price was the most important reason to use refill-products rather than environmental protection. 4)The more respondents had refill-products information, the more respondents used refill-proeucts 5) The level of consumer awareness of refill products examined in perspective of enviornmental protection was found to be very high(3.3/4). 6)There was no significant relatioships between consumer use and awareness of refill-products examined in perspective of environmental protection.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 1997

There were a dramatic change in technical aspect in Korean detergent industry for past 5${\sim}$6 years. we, detergent industries, have been trying to find out a new way of production and better goods on environment as well as men to decrease domestic wastes and water pollution. In addition, increasing expense for transportation, storage and displaying give us another difficulties. Compact detergents are best method to solve this problems. Detergent ingredients, formulations and process were concentrated to the development of compact detergents. Now, I'll introduce about the recent trends in technical aspect and near future's prospects in Korean detergent industry.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2001년도 추계 수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.91-92
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• 2001

Enzymes have been used as processing aids in the manufacture of food products to improve their quality, solubility and stability for centuries. About 50％ of the enzymes used as industrial processing aids are protein hydrolases which have been used in a number of industrial application including laundry detergents, feed, leather treatment, silk degumming, cheese making, chill proofing, meat tenderzing, fermented sauces, and pharmaceuticals. (omitted)

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2001년도 추계 수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.22-22
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• 2001

Enzymes have been used in practical applications as diverse as brewing and industrial fermentations, detergent, analytical determinations and recombinant DAN technology. As processing aids, enzymes have been used in the manufacture of food products to improve their quality, solubility and stability for centuries. About 50％ of the enzyme used as industrial processing aids are pretenses which have been used in a number of industrial applications including laundry detergents, chill proofing, meat tenderizing, fermented sauces, and the production of pharmaceuticals. (omitted)

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.157-167
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• 2022

The global laundry detergents market in 2021 was valued at nearly $121 billion, with consumers being reported as heightening their search for hygienic products capable of fighting viruses. Therefore, the researchers undertook a study to determine how product innovation (PI), product quality (PQ), and product attitude (PA) effects Thai consumers' satisfaction (CS) with their purchase of laundry detergent and fabric softener. After the questionnaire's validity and reliability confirmation, the authors used multi-stage random sampling by region and province in January and February 2022 to collect 520 questionnaires. LISREL 9.10 was used in the CFA and SEM analysis of the six hypotheses, which were determined to be supported. The results showed that all three causal variables positively influenced CS, with a total effect (TE) R² value = 87%. Also, latent variable total effect (TE) values showed that PI was strongest (0.93), then PQ (0.56), and finally, PA (0.54). Therefore, consumer satisfaction is essential in a firm's ongoing development and sustainability in a highly competitive, globalized world. Organizations must develop competitive strategies that adjust to consumer needs. Management must monitor online and social media sources where product reviews are given and adjust their strategies accordingly.

• 공업화학
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.260-267
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 코코넛 오일로부터 카르복실레이트계 음이온 계면활성제 SLEC-3을 합성하였으며, 합성된 계면활성제의 구조를 FT-IR, ¹H-NMR 및 ¹³C-NMR 분석을 통하여 확인하였다. 합성한 계면활성제 SLEC-3에 대하여 임계 마이셀 농도, 정적 및 동적 표면장력, 유화력, 거품 안정성 등의 계면 물성을 측정한 결과, 기존 세제 제품에서 널리 사용되는 음이온 계면활성제 SLES와 비교하여 계면 활성이 보다 우수하고 계면 에너지를 낮추는데 더 효과적이었다. 또한 SLCE-3에 대한 생분해성, 급성 경구 독성 및 급성 피부자극 시험을 실시한 결과, 저자극 및 저독성을 가지고 있기 때문에 세제 및 세정제 제품에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.562-567
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• 2021

다양한 건축시설 및 생활제품에 적용하기 위한 기능성 항균강화유리개발을 위해 국산 소재들의 항균력을 조사하여, 특정농도에서 99% 이상의 항균력을 갖는 은, 구리, 아연으로 강화유리 시편을 제작하였다. 은, 구리, 아연을 Ethylene glycol + Glycerol로 분산시킨 시편의 항균력은 모두 99% 이상으로 측정되었고, Ethylene glycol과 Glycerol을 단독으로 사용했을 때는 항균력이 감소되었다. 표면분석기를 사용하여 세척에 의한 결합된 금속소재의 두께 변화를 측정한 결과, 물을 포함한 다양한 종류의 세제로 세척한 시편에서는 표면에 도포된 소재의 두께가 1% 미만으로 감소하였지만, 염기성 세제에서는 약 10%의 표면두께 감소가 확인되었다. 또한, 시편의 인체 안전성을 확인하기 위해, MTT 분석법을 통한 세포독성실험을 수행하였고, 항균물질들이 도포된 시편에서의 세포독성은 대조군과 비교하였을 때 거의 나타나지 않았다. 마지막으로, 시제품의 항균력이 99% 이상임을 Bacterial Live/dead kit을 이용하여 확인하였고, 공인인증기관의 필름밀착법으로 다시 한 번 시제품의 항균력을 검증하였다. 결국, 본 연구에서는 국산소재들의 항균력을 검증과 함께 이를 이용한 고기능성 항균효과 갖는 강화유리를 개발하였다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2011

Precipitated calcium carbonate(PCC), particularly calcite crystal, is extensively used as a pigment, filler or extender in various industries such as paper, paint, textile, detergents, adhesives, rubber and plastics, food, cosmetics, and biomaterials. PCC is conventionally produced through the gas-liquid carbonation process, which consists on bubbling gaseous $CO_2$ through a concentrated calcium hydroxide slurry. This study is aimed to find some factors for controlling the morphology of engineered PCC in lab-scaled mixing batch. The experimental designs were based on temperature variables, $Ca(OH)_2$ concentration, $CO_2$ flow rate, and electrical conductivity. The model of engineered PCC morphology was finally controlled by adjustment of electrical conductivity(6.0~7.0 mS/cm) and $Ca(OH)_2$ concentration(10 g/L). Orthorhombic calcite crystals were mostly created at high concentration and electrical conductivity conditions because the increased ratio of $Ca^{2+}$ and $CO{_3}^{2-}$ ions affects the growth rate of orthorhombic faces. Excess calcium spices were contributed to the growth of faces in calcium carbonate crystal, and the non-stoichiometric reaction was occurred between $Ca^{2+}$ and $CO{_3}^{2-}$ ions during carbonation process.