• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.79-86
• /
• 2008

To improve water quality for agricultural use, it is needed to introduce the natural and low-cost self-purification system. It is also necessary to develop the water purification facilities for more efficient and convenient design, construction, operation and management. This study aims to develop the practical facilities to improve water quality for agricultural use. The practical detention pond system, which uses artificial floating island and shield skirts with bio-media, enhanced removal efficiencies of SS, TN and TP more particularly than the detention pond using an auxiliary dam. The removal efficiencies SS, TN and TP for the practical detention pond were 55.7%, 61.0% and 55.9%, respectively. The facilities of the practical detention pond has a lot of disadvantages such as the low-cost and high efficiency as well as uncountable impacts regarding ecology and landscape. However, an auxiliary dam is recommended to be installed in shallow depth due to low efficiency.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.20-23
• /
• 2002

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.2013-2018
• /
• 2007

최근에 발생하는 홍수특성은 단기간의 국지성 집중호우로 본류 대하천보다는 상류지역 지류하천이 특히 취약하여 이에 대해 하류보다는 상류, 본류보다는 지류위주로 과거와 다른 치수정책 전환이 요구되고 있다. 정부에서도 과거 치수대책이 제방위주의 선적인 개념에서 면적인 개념의 유역치수 중심의 방어형태로 추진하고 있으나, 상류지류 하천에 대한 홍수방어 계획은 부족한 실정이다. 지류하천에 홍수가 발생하면 홍수도달시간이 짧아 첨단홍수예보시스템으로도 대처가 곤란한 문제가 있으며, 이외에도 홍수와 함께 산사태가 빈번히 발생되고 토석류, 유목류가 한꺼번에 동반 유입되어 인명과 재산피해가 크게 발생하는 특징을 가지고 있다. 작년 7월 강원지역 집중호우에서도 인제군, 평창군 등 지류에 인명과 재산피해가 크게 발생한 것도 이와는 무관하지 않을 것이다. 최근 국지성 집중호우가 빈번히 발생하는 것은 기상적 측면이 아니더라도 우리나라는 하천경사가 급하고 산지가 국토의 약 70%로 구성되어 있어 지형적 측면에서 평화의댐(지체댐), 군남홍수조절지, 한탄강 홍수조절댐 등 대규모 홍수방어댐 도입시 홍수조절 효과가 우수하나, 대규모 댐건설에 따른 지역민의 불신, 환경단체 반발, 사회적 미합의 등 현실적인 제약조건이 많으므로 현실적이고 상류지역 지류하천에 효과적인 홍수조절을 위해서는 보호하고자 하는 도시 및 주요시설물시설에 대하여 소규모 홍수저류지(Detention Dam)를 상류 지류하천에 단일 또는 군(群)으로 도입하여 설치하는 방안을 적극적으로 추진하여야 한다고 사료된다. 소규모의 홍수저류지는 평상시에는 자연상태와 같이 전량 방류하고 갑작스런 홍수발생시 첨두홍수량을 지체하거나 감소시켜 하류지역에 홍수피해를 줄이는 시설로 기존의 댐보다는 규모가 적고 평상시에는 자연하천과 같이 물을 담지 않아 환경변화에 의한 영향이 적어 사회적 합의가 유리하고 친환경적이며, 홍수기에는 비어 있는 저류용량을 전량 활용이 가능하여 저수규모에 비해 홍수조절효과는 큰 장점이 있다. 특히 홍수조절의 본래 목적 외에도 초목류, 토석류 및 각종 부유쓰레기를 차단하는 사방댐 역할과 하류하천의 퇴사량 감소 등 다방면으로 효과가 있어 독일, 일본 등 선진국에서는 적극적으로 추진되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 선진 외국에 도입된 홍수저류지 사례를 조사 및 검토하여 국내에 적용 가능한 유역분담형 홍수저류지 규모 및 방식, 홍수저류지 도입방안과 향후 연구방향 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2005.05b
• /
• pp.845-849
• /
• 2005

도시지역 공간의 한정성으로 인해 하천연변의 저지대에 까지 토지이용도가 극대화되고 있다. 이러한 상황은 치수방재의 측면에서 과거와 같은 외수의 범람에 의한 홍수피해가 아닌 내수의 배수불량으로 의한 침수피해의 증가를 가져 왔다. 서울특별시의 경우 유수지 및 빗물펌프장의 보강을 통해 치수안전을 확보하고 있다 빗물펌프장 운영에서 가장 중요한 요소는 펌프의 가동과 배수문의 개폐을 통한 외수의 차단과 내수의 방류에 있다. 특히 배수문의 개폐시기가 적절치 않은 경우, 외수가 유수지로 들어와 펌프장의 기능을 저해 할 수 있다. 그러나 배수문의 개폐는 현재 자동화 되지 못하고 운영자에 의하여 경험적으로 운영되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 수리학적 홍수추적(Hydraulic Flood Routing)방법 중 FLDWAV모형을 사용하여 한강변에 위치한 빗물펌프장의 외수위를 모의 하였다. 모형의 모의 결과와 한강흐름의 실측치를 비교 검토하고, 이를 기초로 각 빗물펌프장의 배수문을 가동해야 하는 팔당댐 방류량과 도달시간을 구하고, 하류에 위치한 빗물펌프장의 황해의 조위 영향등을 분석, 운영자가 배수문 개폐시기를 예측하여 빗물펌프장의 운영 자료로 이용과 유수지$\cdot$펌프장 운영체계의 자동화에 기여하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2011.05a
• /
• pp.445-449
• /
• 2011

치수대책이 취약한 중 소규모 하천 상류유역에 갑작스런 홍수가 발생될 경우 홍수파뿐만 아니라 토석류에 의한 2차적인 피해도 발생하고 있고 이러한 홍수피해를 방지하기 위한 구조적 대책으로 홍수저류지를 도입하였다. 치수대책이 취약한 중 소규모 하천 상류유역에서 홍수저류지의 효과를 극대화하기 위해서는 적용지역에 대한 홍수저류지의 적절한 배치가 매우 중요하다. 먼저, 대상유역의 주요보호대상 지점 즉, 목표지점(Taget Point)을 결정하고 지형 및 지질, 산사태 위험도, 수몰현황, 지역경제 등을 고려하여 홍수저류지 설치 후보지를 다수 선정하였다. 그리고 강우 및 홍수분석, 저수지 홍수추적 등을 실시하여 목표지점을 보호할 수 있도록 홍수저류지간의 조합을 통해 최적 위치 및 개소수를 결정하였고 대상하천의 계획홍수량 즉, 하도분담량 이상의 호우에 대하여 분담할 수 있도록 홍수저류지 설치 개소수를 제한하였다. 그리고 여기서 결정한 홍수 저류지가 목표지점뿐만 아니라 대상 유역의 홍수저감에 얼마나 기여를 할 수 있는지 유역전체를 대상으로 수문학적으로 검토하였다. 홍수저류지는 현재 국가의 치수대책의 일환인 면중심의 유역치수계획, 선택적 방어, 홍수량할당제, 예방위주의 치수대책 등과 함께 하고 있는 유역분담형 치수 방안으로서 유역상류의 중소하천에 1차적인 홍수방어의 훌륭한 대안이 될 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.473-479
• /
• 2004

A sedimentation basin (SB) at the inlet of an irrigation reservoir which was constructed using an auxiliary dam was monitored to evaluate its pollutant removal efficiency. Water sampling at three points, i.e., inflow stream, upstream and downstream of the reservoir, were taken 5 times before and after the construction of the SB in 1999 and 2003, respectively. No significant water quality variations in inflow stream were observed during these periods. The COD, T-N, T-P and SS removal efficiencies were 38, 24, 35 and 49%, respectively. The results indicated that those removal efficiencies significantly increased during the rainy season and COD removal efficiency, especially, was higher than others studies. The scale of SB in this study was rational as aspects of pollutant removal efficiency and hydraulic detention time. And it is recommended that SB, at inlet of an reservoir, should be constructed as completely separated structure from reservoir water body and having SAR Index from 0.7% to 1.0%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.6 no.6
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2003

Total phosphorous removal rate was examined of a subsurface-flow treatment wetland system which was constructed on floodplain in the down reach of the Kwangju Stream in Korea from May to June 2001. Its dimensions were 29 meter in length, 9 meter in width and 0.65 meter in depth. A bottom layer of 45 cm in depth was filled with crushed granite with about 15~30 mm in diameter and a middle layer of 10 cm in depth had pea pebbles with about 10 mm in diameter. An upper layer of 5 cm in depth contained course sand. Reeds(Phragmites australis) were transplanted on the surface of the system. They were dug out of natural wetlands and stems were cut at about 40 cm height from their bottom ends. Water of the Kwangju Stream flowed from a submerged dam into it via a pipe by gravity flow and treated effluent was funneled back into the Stream. The number of reed stems increased from 80 stems/$m^2$ in July 2001 to 136 stems/$m^2$ in September 2001. The hight of stems was 44.2 cm in July 2001 and 75.3 cm in September 2001. The establishment of reeds at early operating stage of the system was good. Volume and water quality of inflow and outflow were investigated from July 2001 through December 2001. The average inflow was 40 $m^3$/day and hydraulic detention time was about 1.5 days. The concentration of total phosphorous n influent and effluent was 0.83 and 0.33 mg/L, respectively. The removal rate of total phosphorous averaged about 60%. The removal efficiency was slightly higher, compared with that of subsurface-flow wetlands operating in North America, whose retention rate of total phosphorous was reported to be about 56%. The good abatement rate could be attributed to sedimentation of particle phosphorous in pores of the media and adsorption of phosphorous to the biofilm developed on the surface of them. Increase of standing density of reeds within a few years will develop root zones which may lead to increment in the phosphorous retention rate.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.51 no.spc
• /
• pp.1149-1159
• /
• 2018

This study aims to predict the future flood damage cost of 113 middle range watersheds using 26 GCM outputs, hourly maximum rainfall, 10-min maximum rainfall, number of days of 80 mm/day, daily rainfall maximum, annual rainfall amount, DEM, urbanization ratio, population density, asset density, road improvement ratio, river improvement ratio, drainage system improvement ratio, pumping capacity, detention basin capacity and previous flood damage costs. A constrained multiple linear regression model was used to construct the relationships between the flood damage cost and other variables. Future flood damage costs were estimated for different RCP scenarios such as 4.5 and 8.5. Results demonstrated that rainfall related factors such as annual rainfall amount, rainfall extremes etc. widely increase. It causes nationwide future flood damage cost increase. Especially the flood damage cost for Eastern part watersheds of Kangwondo and Namgang dam area may mainly increase.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.201-213
• /
• 2007

In this study, the Batter Assessment Science Integrating point and Nonpoint Sources (BASINS 3.0)/window interface to Hydrological Simulation Program-FPRTRAN (WinHSPF) was applied for assessment of Soyang Dam watershed. WinHSPF calibration was performed using monitoring data from 2000 to 2004 to simulate stream flow. Water quality (water temperature, DO, BOD, nitrate, total organic nitrogen, total nitrogen, total organic phosphorus and total phosphorus) was calibrated. Calibration results for dry-days and wet-days simulation were reasonably matched with observed data in stream flow, temperature, DO, BOD and nutrient simulation. Some deviation in the model results were caused by the lack of measured watershed data, hydraulic structure data and meteorological data. It was found that most of pollutant loading was contributed by nonpoint source pollution showing about $98.6%{\sim}99.0%$. The WinHSPF BMPRAC was applied to evaluate the water quality improvement. These scenarios included constructed wetland for controlling nonpoint source poilution and wet detention pond. The results illustrated that reasonably reduced pollutant loadin. Overall, BASINS/WinHSPF was found to be applicable and can be a powerful tool in pollutant loading and BMP efficiency estimation from the watershed.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.707-720
• /
• 2011

For the lake case, the detention phenomenon of water body occurs and stays for a long time. Especially, following the layer of water depth direction, the lake body and water quality problems are different from the water quality of river. So according to time, the stream and water quality can be simulated by the 3-Dimensional Model, which can divide water layer for reservoir or lake. The water quality simulation result will become more reliability. For this study, the 3-Dimension Model - EFDC was used to simulate water quality of Unam reservoir in the Sumjin Dam. The HEC-GeoHMS and HEC-HMS Rainfall - Runoff Model based on GIS were used to estimate long-term runoff, and input data was constructed to the observed water level, meteorological data, water temperature, T-N and T-P. In order to apply the EFDC model, water depth was divided into 3 layers and 5,634 grids were extracted. After constructing the grid net, the water quality change of Unam reservoir in time and space was simulated. Overall, long term runoff simulation reflected the actual observed runoff well, through the water quality simulation, according to the pollution factors, the behavior characteristics can be checked, and the simulated water quality can be properly reflected. The function of EFDC has been confirmed, which water quality can be properly simulated. In the near future, to establish countermeasures for Intake Facilities of Watershed and Management, this support which some basic tools can be applied is in expectation.