• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.82-90
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• 1989

Detection of antibody against pathogenic fungi in serum specimens of the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis or other lung diseases has been carried out(male) using the indirect fluorescence antibody technique and immunodiffusion tests. Immunodiffusion tests revealed that 104(36.5%) out of 285 patients examined showed a positive precipitin reaction against one or more of fungal antigens. The majority of ID positive patients 64(61.5%) reacted with Aspergillus fumigatus antigen and 49(47.1%) patients reacted with Candida albicans antigen ID positive reaction to A. fumigatus was found little more frequently among male patients, while Candida albicans reactors were found more frequently among female patients. Age distribution of ID positive reactors was high(49.1-43.3%) in age group of 40-59 years, but least or none in age group of less than 30 years. Age of fungal mycelium used as antigen did not effect sensitivity of the indirect flubrescence (IF) technique in detecting antibody to A. fumigatus. Antibody class against A. fumigatus that showed highest titer was IgG and thus FITC labeled anti-IgG immunoglobulin shoul be preferable. As relatively large amount of cell wall components of Aspergilli shared antigenically, a considerable cross-reaction was observed among A. fumigatus, A. flavus and A. niger, but not much with C. albicans. While (IF) has much better sensitivity when compared with ID, relative specificity of the latter procedure cannot to be overried, so that they could be batter used together in order to obtain quantitative measurement of antibody with relative specificity.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the residue patterns of two insecticides, lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin, commonly used for lettuce, under greenhouse conditions. The pesticides were sprayed with dilution of recommended and doubled doses onto lettuce. Their detection limits were $0.001\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ and mean recoveries at the fortification levels of 0.2 and $1.0\;mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ were from 101.17 to 104.25 and from 99.70 to 103.77%, respectively. The pesticides were gradually decreased in lettuce with time. Biological half-lives of lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin were 1.7 and 1.4 days at the recommended dose and 1.8 and 1.4 days at the doubled dose, respectively. Initial residue amounts of lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin at the recommended and doubled doses exceeded their MRLs. However, the residue levels of the pesticides in the crop sampled at harvest were less than their MRLs. The ratios of the estimated daily intake (EDI) to acceptable daily intake (ADI) by intake the crop harvested 10 days after spraying were less than 1% of their ADIs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.401-408
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• 2011

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. In order to control the type 2 diabetes mellitus, anti-hyperglycemic effect of Triticum aestivum L. water extracts (TAWE) was investigated in 7 week old male diabetic C57BL6/J-ob/ob mice. For the experiments, the diabetic animal model ob/ob mice and non-diabetic animal model lean mice were divided into 3 groups: non-treatment control group (Control), and two experimental groups orally treated with 25 or 100 mg/kg/day dose of TAWE (TAWE-25 and TAWE-100, respectively). The lean mice were used as the non-diabetic normal control. TAWE was orally administrated for 6 weeks and the diabetic clinical markers, including blood glucose level, body weight, organs weight and insulin level were determined. The oral administration of TAWE-100 in ob/ob diabetic mice significantly decreased blood glucose level (78.4%) and body weight (11.9%) compared with diabetic control group. The weights of organs, including spleen, liver, kidneys, heart and lung were not different among groups, while the treatments of TAWE-100 in ob/ob diabetic mice significantly reduced blood total cholesterol (24.35%) and triglyceride (23.97%) levels compared with the diabetic control group. The levels of serum insulin and glucose tolerance were improved after TAWE-100 treatment in ob/ob diabetic mice. Moreover, the immunohistochemical staining for insulin detection in pancreatic islet $\beta$-cells expressed high level of insulin in TAWE-100 treated ob/ob mice. From the above results, the intake of TAWE may be effective in anti-hyperglycemia by the attenuation of glucose and lipid levels. TAWE-containing diets or drugs may be beneficial for controlling diabetes mellitus type 2 in human.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.852-858
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• 2016

To safeguard the accommodation spaces on cargo ships from fire, structural fire protection provisions introduced by SOLAS and these measures retard the propagation of flames and smoke. SOLAS also specifies provisions for fire fighting drills. These provisions are a combination of regulations regarding structure and equipment and those dealing with the human element for the fire protection and effective responses in the event of fire. Requirements related to the human element play a supporting role to the requirements for structure and equipment because the present accommodation structure and equipment are insufficient for extinguishing a fire, therefore, fire-extinguishing activity performed by crew members is essential. To reduce human error and ensure effective fire fighting, it is necessary to install a fire-fighting system and improve the fire fighting process. The fundamental concept of fire fighting exercises is to commence fire fighting before the fire grows too big to extinguish. It is essential to relocate the storage place of fire fighting equipment to expedite the fire-fighting exercise. This study was carried out to reduce human risk for this purpose, the fire control station was relocated to a site that could be accessed from the open deck. Further, two sets of a fire fighter's outfit were stored at the same site. This relocation eliminated the risk of the crew reentering to operate the fire fighting system in the fire control station and allowed the crew to pick up the fire fighters' outfits quickly in the event of a fire. In addition, it was proposed that the IIC method be made mandatory. This method is combination of automatic fire detection system and sprinkler system which can reduce the risk of the fire fighting exercises for the crew and to suppress fire in the initial stage. This study was carried out to provide a foundation to the possible amendment of the relevant SOLAS regulations and national legislation.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.451-458
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• 2013

The purpose of this research is to distinguish the quantitative determination of phytochemicals in various agricultural products and to optimize an HPLC method for the determination of lycopene, lutein, ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene, and cryptoxanthin. Among the different conditions studied, the most suitable ones for our samples were the extraction with hexane/acetone/ethanol (50:25:25, v/v/v), dissolution of the dry extract in tetrahydrofuran/acetonitrile/methanol (15:30:55, v/v/v), injection on a $C_{18}$ column with methanol/acetonitrile (90:10, v/v) + triethylamine $9{\mu}M$ as mobile phase, and ${\lambda}_{detection}$=475 nm. The mean percent recovery for the HPLC method were $120.7{\pm}4.1%$ (lycopene), $89.2{\pm}3.5%$ (lutein), $91.2{\pm}2.9%$ (${\alpha}$-carotene), $99.1{\pm}4.4%$ (${\beta}$-carotene), and $100.0{\pm}5.3%$ (cryptoxanthin). The contents of lutein in the agricultural products were spinach, kiwi, tomato, blueberry, melon, respectively. However, the lycopene contents were the highest in the Black tomato ($56.66{\pm}7.48mg/kg$) and Jangseong tomato ($50.28{\pm}5.42mg/kg$). The concentration of ${\beta}$-carotene in all of the agricultural products ranged from 0.07 mg/kg to 65.03 mg/kg. The quercetin content of the agricultural products increased in the order of blueberry (986.57~1,054.06 mg/100 g), kiwi (44.96~55.09 mg/100 g), hallabong (31.92~35.60 mg/100 g), and tomato (26.38~34.94 mg/100 g). The highest kaempferol content was found in the blueberry (47.79~76.15 mg/100 g) with results in all of the tested samples varying between 6.54~48.11 mg/100 g. The total polyphenol contents of the various agricultural products increased in the blueberry (213.60~229.96 mg/100 g), spinach (112.50~141.67 mg/100 g) and kiwi (46.49~70.44 mg/100 g). The total flavonoid content was the highest in both blueberry and spinach. Vitamin C content was detected in kiwi > hallabong > tomato > blueberry, respectively. The total anthocyanin contents (TAC) was detected in the Damyang blueberry and the imported blueberry.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

Purpose: Renal stones are common and typically arise within the collecting system. The renal sinus are contains the collection system, the renal vessels, lymphatcs, fat, and fibrous tissue. Because of the compression of all the large echoes in signal processing, the echo from the renal stone generally cannot be distinguished from large echoes emanating from normal structures of the renal sinus. Use of ultrasonography has been difficult for detecting small renal stone without posterior shadowing and chemical composition of stone. The aim of study was measuring for posterior acoustic shadowing to a stone for various scan parameter and it examines a help in renal stone diagnosis. Material & Methods: The stone was place on sponge examined in a water bath with a 3.5MHz or 7.5MHz transducer(LOGIQ 400, USA). First, tested a variety of gain. Second, tested a variety of dynamic range. Third, tested a variety of focal zone. Fourth, measuring of the echo level for low and high frequency for depth. Results: 1) Average echo level was 98 for low total gain(10 dB) and was 142 for high total gain(40 dB). Posterior acoustic shadowing of renal stone was clear for low gain. 2) Average echo level was 129 for low dynamic range(42 dB) and was 101 for high dynamic range(72 dB). Posterior acoustic shadowing of renal stone was clear for high dynamic range. 3) When stone is in focal zone of transducer, definite posterior acoustic shadow is identified. 4) Stone was clear appeared for high frequency(7.5 MHz) than low frequency(3.5 MHz) and it is not distorted. Conclusion: The demonstration of an posterior acoustic shadow of renal stone dependents on several technical factors such as gain, dynamic range, focus, and frequency. This various factors are a help in renal stone diagnosis.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to isolate Escherichia coli from flies and to assess pathogenic genes and antibiotic resistance of the isolates. A total of 188 flies were captured in agricultural environment including fruits farms (n = 19), fermented soybean farms (n = 9), municipal waste (n = 46), livestock farms (n = 66), slaughterhouses (n = 38), and manure ground (n = 10). E. coli isolates of captured flies were tested for pathogenic gene and antibiotic resistance using PCR methods and VITEK2 systems. As a result, E. coli from 63% (119/188) of the captured flies has been detected, and the detection rate of E. coli was the highest (89%, 31/34) in flies captured at particular slaughterhouse. Of the 34 isolates, 94% (32/34) were pathogenic gene (ST gene) positive. Twenty-six percent (31/119) of the E. coli isolates were observed being resistant to one or more antibiotics. Markedly, one of E. coli isolates from Livestock farms was resistant to 7 antibiotics including ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefazolin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. In addition, it was ESBL positive. The results of the present study may suggest a risk of transmission of pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant bacteria from flies to livestock environment Therefore, it may need to prevent introducing flies into the agricultural production environment for safe food production.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.5
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• pp.119-126
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• 1987

This study was conducted to elucidate the most appropriate method to obtain auxotrophic mutants from Valsa ceratosperma, the causal fungus of apple canker, which may be used as a gene marker in detecting the transfer of the factors of avirulent strains to virulent strains. Among the 3 kinds of synthetic media tested, each have two formula for minimal and complete, the medium which has been used in study of Endothia parasitica (E. P medium) was turned out to be most appropriate for the growth of V. ceratosperma. A medium for single colony formation from pycnidiospore of this fungus was developed by adding 0.5% L - sorbose to the E. P minimal medium. The period of incubation in dark for preventing the photoreactivation after U. V irradiation was estimated as about 60hrs at which most of the spores become binucleate. Largest number of putative auxotrophs were obtained at about 50second of irradiation to the spores smeared on the medium for single colony formation, at which the survival rate of spores was 5 to 6 percent. With these method developed in this experiment, 161 isolates of putative auxotrophs were detected among which the nutrient requirement for 10 isolates were determined. Five out of 10 mutants were still virulent to apple tree and all but one could not sporulate.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2019

Intensive Monitoring Survey of Nearby Galaxies (IMSNG) is a high cadence observation program monitoring nearby galaxies with high probabilities of hosting supernovae (SNe). IMSNG aims to constrain the SN explosion mechanism by inferring sizes of SN progenitor systems through the detection of the shock-heated emission that lasts less than a few days after the SN explosion. To catch the signal, IMSNG utilizes a network of 0.5-m to 1-m class telescopes around the world and monitors the images of 60 nearby galaxies at distances D < 50 Mpc to a cadence as short as a few hours. The target galaxies are bright in near-ultraviolet (NUV) with $M_{NUV}$ < -18.4 AB mag and have high probabilities of hosting SNe ($0.06SN\;yr^{-1}$ per galaxy). With this strategy, we expect to detect the early light curves of 3.4 SNe per year to a depth of R ~ 19.5 mag, enabling us to detect the shock-heated emission from a progenitor star with a radius as small as $0.1R_{\odot}$. The accumulated data will be also useful for studying faint features around the target galaxies and other science projects. So far, 18 SNe have occurred in our target fields (16 in IMSNG galaxies) over 5 years, confirming our SN rate estimate of $0.06SN\;yr^{-1}$ per galaxy.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.283-289
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• 2019

This study was performed to monitor the residual pesticides in agricultural products used in school foodservice in the Gwangju metropolitan area. Risk assessment was also carried out based on the amount of agricultural products consumed. A total of 320 agricultural products supplied to schools in Gwangju were analyzed from 2015 to 2017. The pre-treatment and residual pesticide analysis of these products was conducted in accordance with the second method for multi-residue analysis of pesticides in the Korean food code. The hazard index was calculated by dividing the estimated daily intake (EDI) of pesticides by the acceptable daily intake (ADI). The linearity correlation coefficient for the calibration curve was 0.9923 to 1.0000, LOD 0.004 to 0.019 mg/kg, LOQ 0.012 to 0.057 mg/kg, and recovery was 79.1 to 100.2%. Residual pesticides were detected in 18 (5.6%) of 320 agricultural products used for school foodservice, and one sample of sweet potato stem (0.3%) exceeded the maximum residual limit (MRL). The detection frequency for chili peppers and bell peppers was higher than that for other agricultural products. The frequently-detected pesticides were boscalid and acetamiprid. These results showed that residual pesticide management is needed for chili pepper, bell pepper and sweet potato stem among agricultural products supplied to schools. The hazard index of bifenthrin in sweet potato stem showed the highest (64.18%), and the other pesticides were 0.03-8.23%. These results indicated that agricultural products supplied to schools in Gwangju were safe for consumption. To minimize the intake of residual pesticides, it is necessary to not only thoroughly wash agricultural products but to also ensure the expanded supply of products that are pesticide-free.