• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.31-42
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• 2004

GDS (Grating automatic Drawing System), which is an automatic design system of a metal product called grating, is a system that produces various detailed drawings on the basis of information within a Plan Drawing that represents layout of the grating such as locations, shapes, directions, etc. However, automatically produced drawings by GDS do not fully satisfy the standard of the general dimension marking method used among the layout designers. The lack of this standard quality mainly results from the fact that overlapping among dimension markings appear frequently. To solve the overlapping problem we applied the rule-based expert system. The rules are designed based on the expertise of skilled layout designers within the grating production lines.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.244-253
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• 2005

In the initial ship design stage of shipyards, the hull form design, the basic design (compartment modeling and ship calculation), and the hull structural design are being performed by different systems. Thus, the problem on interfaces between these systems occurs. To solve this, we developed the hull form design system 'EzHULL' and the compartment modeling and ship calculation system 'EzCOM-PART' for developing finally an integrated ship design system. And, in this study, we present an object-oriented hull structural design .system 'EzSTRUCT', which is developed recently. A structural design in an initial design stage can be frequently changed, because the design is not firmly determined yet. Therefore, designers perform the simplified structural modeling with bigger structural parts (or objects) such as deck, longitudinal bulkhead, etc. in the initial design stage, and the detailed structural modeling with smaller structural parts such as plate, seam, slot, etc. in the detailed design stage. However, the existing hull structural CAD system used in a shipyard is not efficient in generating a 3D CAD model in the initial design stage, because it has difficulty in handling frequent changes in design. Therefore, designers initially draw 2D drawings in the initial design stage, and generate the 3D CAD model from these 2D drawings in the detailed design and production design stages. In this study, the hull structural design system, which can efficiently generate a 3D CAD model through rapid modeling at an initial design stage, was developed in this study To evaluate the applicability of the developed system, we applied it to hull structural modeling of various ships such as a VLCC, a bulk carrier, etc. As a result, it could efficiently generate a 3D CAD model of a hull structure.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.43-61
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to verify the usefulness of kinetic House- Tree- Person drawing as a diagnostic measure for the degree of self-differentiation, which is an essential part of college students' development. Participants for the study were four hundred thirty five(272 male and 163 female) university freshmen enrolled in 4-year colleges located in Pusan. The Participants completed a scale of self-differentiation and a Kinetic House- Tree-Person drawings test. The evaluation system for kinetic House-Tree-Person drawings was established based on the indexes of Buck(1948) and Bums(1972) and used exiting literatures as reference. The data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Scheffe's test. The results obtained from the study are as follows: First, the mean level of college students' self-differentiation was 2.81, which is about average. Some significant gender differences were found in the areas of self-intergration, family projection, and emotional separation. Male students scored higher on self-intergration, whereas female students score higher on family projection and emotional separation. Second. self-differentiation was higher when the student drew a house with smoke coming out of the chimney, a single-story house with flat roof, or with detailed description of curtains, roof and roof tiles. Third, self-differentiation seemed to be higher when branches and fruits were included, when there was no expression of roots, when large crowns and branch openings were presented, and when no slant lines or base lines appeared. Forth, self-differentiation showed ㅁ higher level when the portrait shows eyes, mouth and neck without omission, when it included the whole body instead of face only, and when there was no person with just a profile, a back, or with a stiff posture, and when there was no weak and thin lines. Individuality also marked higher if a person was in motion and than one person was added. Finally, self-differentiation showed significant difference according to the overall harmony of the drawing, ordering of contents, hand pressure, the kind and shape of tree, and presence of other persons. The more harmonious the picture was, and the more family members are added, the higher the level of self-differentiation was.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.22-31
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• 2020

Shop drawing tasks conducted after finishing coordinated or engineering design have great influences on the quality and cost of a project. However, despite the development of commercial BIM applications, shop drawings have mainly produced manually in certain engineering fields. Incorrect shop drawings with human errors have occurred various problems such as cost overrun, time delay and reworks. An automated shop drawing publishing from BIM is expected to resolve these problems. Despite attempts for automate shop drawing production, the field of mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) is yet regarded challenging due to complexity of components and connection. In this research, we develop a process for automated producing 3D MEP shop drawings in BIM environment as following steps: to analyze conventional MEP shop drawing process, to identify detailed process that can be automated, to classify existing MEP objects and assign codes usable in BIM, and to develop an application. The validation of automated process is conducted against 10 clean room projects in which MEP is more complex and its cost is higher than other projects in terms of productivity and workers' satisfaction. Results show that the number of manpower for shop drawing is reduced by 30%, and the working time is shortened by 31%. Personal opinions of involved practitioners is interpreted as positive as the average rate of agrement on practicability, easy-to-use and necessary retouch tasks is around 66%.

• Solar Energy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 1988

The task, development of the exemplary patterns for the application of passive solar systems in residential buildings, is very crucial regarding government policies toward energy conservation. So various measurements, evaluation, and feasibility studies are performed in addition to their architectural design and detailed drawings. In conclusion, passive solar systems are effective and economical when they are applied to residential buildings for heating systems.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.93-103
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• 2013

In the situation where there should be a gap between the design environments of 2D drawing and 3D BIM modeling, it is unavoidable aspect to face confusion caused by parallel usage of both technologies unless the project delivery systems are entirely upgraded to 3D. Therefore, it is critical to make efforts to minimize this confusion. Meanwhile, detailed drawings have very important roles in the construction process because they do not only concretely express construction methods for a given design plan but also provide basis for quantity takeoff and construction cost estimation etc. This paper suggests a plan to standardize detailed information based on BIM standard framework in order to make BIM realize the information. In the short term, this plan provides improved environment where both BIM and CAD technologies can be applied and, in the long term, it provides bases for BIM to replace CAD technology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.579-584
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• 1999

The purpose of the present paper are not to develope machine tools of new concepts and advanced mechanisms but to introduce and apply new methods and concepts in the design procedure by using and changing the previously existing technologies. In this paper 3D modeller was proposed for designing machine tools and the design and the better manufacturability checking than 2D one so that design error was dramatically reduced. As designer may easily understand the real shape of a part and assembly object, it's easy to draw the drawings not only in a conceptual design but also in a detailed design. Also, design automation software enabled designer to consider the real important design parameters by reducing time to spend in estimating and calculating the strength of the model by the computer aided automatic calculation instead of a tedious and complex calculation by manual method and help him to easily make the decision for selecting the stocks and design the structure of part or unit of machine tools.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.61-75
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• 2011

This study aims to investigate the changing aspects about research methodology of stone pagoda from the period of Japanese colonial to now. There were the differences in purpose, method and analysis of the research according to each period. In Japanese colonial period, the purpose of research was to make lists of almost stone pagodas in Korea. Following this, Japanese researchers conducted detailed research for academic purpose. They took measurements of stone pagodas and made drawings. After liberation the research was focused on the relics contained in pagodas. They proceeded to investigate the inner relics in order to attract the attention of the people. In the late 1900's, the repair works of cultural heritages were increased. Many reports of the repair works were released and sent to administration offices. The reports contained the change aspects of situation between before work and after with drawings or simple investigation documents. In the 1990's, the restoration works for important stone pagodas were started by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. Since then, researches from various way - architectural and conservational researches about historical interpretation, shape, structure, proportion, technique, etc. - progressed for careful restoration and accurate study. In Recent years, various professional organizations(in the field of structure, physics, chemistry, biology, lithology, etc.) started to join the researches. Researches conducted studies directly with the stone pagodas, as well as conducting indirect studies with the stone pagodas, such as the structural stability of stone pagodas, the characteristics of rock, and conservation chemicals. Today the research project 'The preservation project of stone cultural property' is being conducted by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. The purpose of this project is to gain more detailed and accurate investigation documents to be provided for the people. In conclusion, researches from various fields must be included in the research. Furthermore, a synthetic study should be done through comparing similar characteristics or different characteristics among many research results.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.768-775
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• 2022

Current MEP designs are mostly applied by 2D-based design methods and tend to focus on simple modeling or geometry information expression such as converting 2D-written drawings into 3D modeling without taking advantage of the strength of BIM application. To increase the demand for BIM-based MEP design, geometric information, and property information of each member of the 3D model must be conveniently linked from the phase of the Design Development (DD) to the phase of Construction Document (CD). To conveniently implement a detailed model at each phase, the detailed level of each member of the 3D model must be specific, and an automatic generation of objects at each phase and automatic detailing module for each LOD are required. However, South Korea's guidelines have comprehensive standards for the degree of MEP modeling details for each design phase, and the application of each design phase is ambiguous. Furthermore, in practice, detailed levels of each phase are input manually. Therefore, this paper summarized the detailed standards of MEP modeling for each design phase through interviews with MEP design companies and related literature research. In addition, items that enable auto-detailing with DYNAMO were selected using the checklist for each design phase, and the types of detailed methods were presented. Auto-detailing items considering the detailed level of each phase were classified by members. If a DYNAMO algorithm is produced that automates selected auto-detailing items in this paper, the time and costs required for modeling construction will be reduced, and the demand for MEP design will increase.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.4 no.12
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• pp.943-952
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• 2003

GDS(Grating automatic Drawing System), which is an automatic design system of metal products called grating, is a system that produces various detailed drawings on the basis of information within a Plan Drawing that represents layout of the gratings such as locations, shapes, directions, etc. However, automatically produced drawings by GDS do not fully satisfy the standard of the general dimension marking method used among the layout designers. The lack of this standard quality mainly results from the fact that overlapping among dimension markings appears frequently. To solve the overlapping problem we applied the rule-based expert system which uses the expert's knowledges and facts to solve the problems. The rules for the expert system are designed based on the expertise of skilled layout designers within the grating production lines.