• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06e
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• pp.253-258
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• 2001

Control of drag force on a circular cylinder using a detached splitter plate is numerically studied for laminar flow. A splitter plate with the same length as the cylinder diameter(d) is placed horizontally in the wake region. Its position is described by the gap ratio(G/d), where G represents the gap between the cylinder base point and the leading edge of the plate. The drag varies with the gap ratio; it has the minimum value at a certain gap ratio for each Reynolds number. The drag sharply increases past the optimum gap ratio; this seems to be related to the sudden change in the bubble size in the wake region. This trend is consistent with the experimental observation currently available in case of turbulent flow. It is also found that the net drag coefficient significantly depends on the variation of base suction coefficient.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2010

Several survey observations have produced light curves of more than five thousand eclipsing binaries for last 15 years. Future missions such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS) and Gaia are expected to yield hundreds thousands of new variable stars and eclipsing binaries. Current methods require a week to analyze the light curves of an eclipsing binary for its physical and orbital parameters. The current methods of analyzing the light curves will be inadequate to treat the overwhelming influx of new data. Therefore we developed a new method to treat large numbers of light curves of eclipsing binaries. We tested the new method by analyzing more than one hundred light curves of the detached and semi-detached eclipsing binaries discovered in the Small Magellan Cloud and present their fitted light curves with observations.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.227-237
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• 1988

Effects of putrescine on senescence in detached leaves of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) in the light were investigated. The putrescine as a potent antisenescence substane markedly inhibited chlorophyll and protein loss at the 10mM concentraton in the detached leaves during the dark incubation. In the light, however, putrescine showed the opposite effects to dark incubation. The chlorphyll loss by putrescine in the light was stopped with darktransfer, and inhibited competitively by a divalent cation Ca2+. In the light, putrescine reduced the protease activity. Putrescine, in the light, increased H2O2 content and reduced the activities of enzymes -superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6-involved in inhibiting the accumulation of free radicals. These results suggest that the effects of puterscine on chlorophyll and protein loss in detached leaves of Chinese cabbage in the light are related to the cationic nature of putrescine and the accumulation of free radicals.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.71-83
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• 1989

This is a basic study designed to discover the most comfortable thermal environment for Korean residences. The purpose of the research is to observe and measure the summer thermal environment in Korean urban detached single family houses and apartments by utilising proposed evaluation standards and methods. The technique used involves the measurement of environmental elements, such as indoor temperature, relative humidity and radiant temperature both in detached single family houses and apartments. Also, in order to understand the resident's thermal comfort response. ASHRAE' thermal sensation 9th level, indoor temperature 5th level, and thermal discomfort 4th level in the psycho-physical voting scale (1972) was used. In conclusion, among Korean urban residences, detached single family houses provided a more stable thermal environment than apartments, as shown by physical psychological evaluations. The possible reason for such stability in detached single family houses may be the usage of reinforced concrete structures which maintain consistent temperatures.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to examine the trasfiguration of the inner-courtyard (MADANG) at the single-detached urban dwellings in Taegu using the documentary research and survey method. The data was analyzed by the frequency, percentage, and x2-test. The major finding of this study was that the conventional meaning of the inner-courtyard existed in the designation and necessity, facilites, and needs in the future of the open space at the single-detached urban dwellings. Although people who were in their 30s favored the western style of house and garden, people who were in their 50s favored the traditional style of inner-courtyard. Finally, the concept of inner-courtyard at a single-detached urban dwelling is gradually changing to that f westren garden.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.45-57
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• 2011

As climate change and environmental degradation become more evident, the public's concern and knowledge on sustainable development requires planners to have regards to social impacts and long term economic viability, as well as environmental impacts. The main objective of this study is to analyze existing sustainability assessment tools for single detached houses. The most widely used oversea tools are selected. From analysis on the existing assessment tools, "Impact Estimator" by Athena Institute, "Bees 4.0" by NIST, "CASBEE for Home" by JSBC, "Envest for Housing" by Energy Saving Trust, "LISA" by Center for Sustainable Technology, "SBTool" by iiSBE (International Initiative for Sustainable Built Environment), it can be seen that the current sustainability assessment programs are in need of much improvement. The selected programs are analyzed on scope of program setting & running, data input & output, assessment categories, and strength & weakness. This study is to supplement the existing sustainability assessment tools for single detached houses, and provide information for the development of web-based program to assist architects or home owners to plan sustainable houses in Korea in the schematic design stage.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.299-307
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• 1988

The electron transport activities of choloroplasts isolated from hte detached rise (Oryza sativa L. cv. Chucheong) leave stored under low temperature(4$^{\circ}C$) with light illumination were investigated to understand the role of light in the low temperature inhibition of photosynthesis in the chilling-sensitive plants. Chlorophyll content of the detached leaves upon incubation at 28$^{\circ}C$ and 4$^{\circ}C$ in the dark was also measured. The rice seedlings were grown with Hoagland medium in the growth chamber of 28$^{\circ}C$ temperature and 400 ft.c fluorescent light with the photoperiod of 16 h. Although chlorophyll content of the detached leaves stored in the dark declined by 61.7% after 28$^{\circ}C$ treatement, there occurred only 5.2% decrease of chlorophyll with 4$^{\circ}C$ treatment. Low temperature treatment(4$^{\circ}C$) for 6 days brought about decreases in total photosystem(PS II＋PS I) activities by 35.2% and 73.6% in te presence and absence of light, respectively, while after 28$^{\circ}C$ treatment of the detached leaves for 6 days in the dark there was only 27.6% decrease in PS II＋PS I activity. PS II activities were also decreased by 35.6% and 72.2% in the light and dark, respectively. PS I activities were decreased slightly, however, by 7.6% and 16.2% in the light and dark, respectively. Investigations into DPClongrightarrowDCPIP and NH2OHlongrightarrowDCPIP activities revealed that low temperature inhibition of PS II activities was not due to the inactivation of the water oxidation capacity at low temperature. It was concluded that light protects the electron transport activities of isolated rice chloroplasts from the inhibitory effect of low temperature in the detached leaves.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.99-109
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• 2004

In residential spaces, sanitary zones are where the most basic needs of human beings are met and are used by all members of the family. A high level of privacy is therefore required in their use. This research studies the current state of sanitary zones in collective houses and in detached houses from a comparative perspective first, and then analyses the satisfaction and dissatisfaction requirement levels of dwellers of each house in comparison so as to provide data to formulate a new design for sanitary zones that is suitable for each dwelling house. The results of this research are as follows. (1) The questionnaire respondents were mostly in their 30s and 40s (99.1% in total), and lived in a nuclear family system (87.7%). (2) The number of sanitary zones was found to be more than 2 in 62% of collective houses and in 60.7% of detached houses, which leads us to conclude that non-dwelling spaces are increasing in both types of houses. (3) Of the housing facilities,13% of collective houses and 9% of detached houses were equipped with a bidet. Both percentages are very low but it needs to be noted that the percentage is relatively high in collective houses. In safety facilities, the ratio of houses furnished with safety handlers for the aged was very low in both types of houses. (4) The residents of collective houses showed high levels of dissatisfaction with regard to the problems of storage space and steam production, while residents of detached houses expressed high levels of dissatisfaction with regard to the heating system, colors of finishing materials, size, dampness, steam production, and storage space.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.399-408
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• 1999

Copeland’s(1985) hyperbolic mild-slope equation including diffraction refraction and reflection in the wave field is used as a governing equation in this study. The result of Maruyama & Kajima(1985) is used to calculate wave direction and that of Watanabe & Maruyama(1986) is used as a energy dissipation formula. Numerical solutions are obtained by the Leap-Frog scheme and compared with Watanabe & Maruyama’s (1984) hydraulic experimental results and numerical simulation results for the detached breakwater. This wave model is applied to a detached breakwater and compared with Watanabe and Maruyama’s (1984) hydraulic model results to check the characteristics of reflected wave field around a detached breakwater. The distribution of wave height and we phase in front of a detached breakwater is more accurate than the Watanabe and Maruyama’s numerical results. The results from our wave model show good agreements with the others and also show nonlinear effects around the detached breakwater. This model is applied to the Gamcheon harbor of pusan. the field observations were carried out at Pusan harbor wave station in 1986-1995 and the results were accepted as a design wave condition in this study. The wave height and wave period was measured by Dong-A university at one station in the Gamcheon harbor in 1996-1997 and used as a calibration criterion. The measured data were used as input data for the numerical simulation and also compared with simulated results. The numerical simulation shows a fairly good results which considering the effect of topographic characteristics and effect of narrow entrance due to two separated breakwaters in Gamcheon harbor. The wave distribution characteristics inside Gamcheon harbor is quite different with the offshore wave direction and wave period.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.254-263
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• 2012

This study found out the change of spacial form of detached house in Korea on a 10-year basis from 1980s though analysis on the architecture of each period. For the subject houses of this study, the detached houses introduced repeatedly as excellent cases in technical journals for architecture were collected among those completed by architects who designed numerous houses and a survey was conducted on 18 detached houses of 18 architects among the in urban style houses in Seoul and suburban style houses in the suburbs of Seoul. Through this study, it could be found that, as the morphological application of traditional architecture was settled with spatial concept, the external spatial form of the detached houses in Korea after 1980s was changed to westernized form but the internal spacial form had been continuously changing suitable to our emotion by reflecting the living habit and taste with the traditional attitude to perceive and accept the nature. As for the change in the forms of interior space, vertical space with more than two floors became common. Front porch and stair hall, which were located at the center of a house and became an important spacial element that overlapped family's moving line, changed to open and bright space that used transparent glass and increased the space to contact the open air, reflecting our living habit and taste that preferred the feeling of internal openness. A Private space, main room, was more segmented and luxurious, and a public space, living room, secured the independency by getting close to symbolic yard. As for the change in the form of exterior space, the form of façade window has been changing in its location and size and brought free images due to the advancement of technology and material. The shape of roofs was borrowed from western style and a lot of geometrical forms that break away from the concept of angle rater and eaves are appearing.