• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.108-108
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• 2000

• Korean Architects
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• s.614
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• pp.110-112
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• 2020

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2007

Autoimmune arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), is a chronic inflammatory disorder that primarily affects the joints and then results in their progressive destruction. Effector Th cells have been classified as Th1 and Th2 subsets based on their cytokine expression profiles and immune regulatory function. Another subset of T cells termed Th17 was recendy discovered and known to selectively produce IL-17. Also, Th17 was shown to be generated by TGF${\beta}$ and IL-6 and maintained by IL-23. IL-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine that is considered to involve the development of various inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as RA, asthma, lupus, and allograft rejection. IL-17 is present in the sera, synovial fluids and synovial biopsies of most RA patient. IL-17 activates RA synovial fibroblasts to synthesize IL-6, IL-8 and VEGF via PI3K/Akt and NF-${\kappa}B$ dependent pathway. IL-17 increases IL-6 production, collagen destruction and collagen synthesis. In addition, it not only causes bone resorption but also increases osteoclastogenesis and fetal cartilage destruction. Inhibition of the IL-17 production may contribute a novel therapeutic approach along with potent anti-inflammatory effect and with less immunosuppressive effect on host defenses.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.316-325
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to understand landscape edstruction and intrusion problems in national parks in Japan. Literature survey focused on the related journals was attempted for classifying landscape problems in period, cause, regional base. In period base, landscape problems in national parks can be classified into four representative time periods(1960~1967, 1968~1975, 1976~1985 and 1990's). Eight categories, such as dam construction, forest practices, visitor impacts, park planning, and others, were also found as the major causes on landscape destruction. In addition, the survey results showed that these problems have been more concentrated in KANTO(FUJI-HAKONE-IZU, NIKKO National Park) and CHUBU region(CHUBUSANKAKU National Park) than other regions in Japan. This seemed to be caused by increased visitor numbers, development of tourist facilities, forest practices and so on.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.213-219
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• 2003

As the 2-D hydraulic experimental results for the submerged rubble-mound structure, we have concerned with their stability/function characteristics of structures by the effects of wave force, scour/deposition at the toe and wave transmission ratio at the lee-side sea. And as to investigate the variation characteristics of wave transmission ratio which depended to a geometrical structure of the submerged breakwater profiles, the critical conditions for the depth of submergence and crest width obviously presented. In summary, there results lead us to the conclusions that the wave control capabilities of submerged breakwaters by the variation of the submergence depth is high about 4 time degrees at the efficiency than the that of crest width. The destruction of covering block at the crest generated at the region which located between maximum damage curve, it maximum damage/failure station from the toe of the structure were 0.2L. As the wave transmission coefficient and the slope of the structure increase, the damage/failure ratio and the maximum scour depth at the toe was extended, respectively. When maximum scour depth happened. The destruction of covering block which located at the toe generated at the front slope destruction. Finally, it was found from the results that the optimization of structure may be obtained by the efficiently decision of the submergence depth and crest width in the permissible range of wave transmission ratio.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 2015

We tested the hypothesis that micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis provides a better quantitative readout of the therapeutic potential of methotrexate (MTX) for treating collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats and compared to conventional histopathological examination. Rats were divided into three groups: Group 1 (G1) was treated with 0.9% saline, whereas groups 2 (G2) and 3 (G3) were boosted with type II collagen at days 0 and 7. Following the first collagen immunization, rats in G1 and G2 were treated with 0.9% saline and those in G3 were treated with 1.5 mg/kg MTX from day 14 to 28. All rats were sacrificed on day 28, at which point and all hind knee joints were analyzed by micro-CT and histopathological examination. Micro-CT analyses showed that bone volume and trabecular number were significantly decreased in G2 and G3 compared to G1 (p<0.01), as was percent bone volume (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). However, bone surface/bone volume was significantly increased in G2 and G3 compared to G1 (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). Trabecular separation was significantly increased in G3 compared to G1 (p<0.05). Histopathological examination showed that knee joints of rats in G2 and G3 showed severe joint destruction with inflammatory cell infiltration. However, cartilage destruction was slightly reduced in G3 compared to G2. Taken together, these results suggest that MTX treatment reduced cartilage destruction in rats with CIA, and micro-CT analyses made it possible to quantify arthritic bony lesion.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.355-360
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• 2006

Four dogs with similar respiratory signs were referred to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Seoul National University. The clinical signs observed in these cases were anorexia, nasal discharge, sneezing, epistaxis, ocular discharge, and exophthalmoses. The routine laboratory tests revealed leukocytosis in two cases. On the skull radiographs, soft tissue density filled nasal cavity with loss of turbinate detail and increased density in frontal sinuses were found in all cases. Lysis of nasal bone was seen in two cases. Lysis of zygomatic arch was seen in one case. On computed tomography scan images, asymmetrical destruction of turbinate and nasal septum, and the superimposition of a soft tissue mass over the turbinate with peripheral contrast enhanced effect were identified in all cases. Destruction of ipsilateral orbital bone and invasion to retrobulbar region were visualized in all cases. In addition, all cases had lysis of cribriform plate. Lysis of nasal bone and destruction of hard palate were seen in two cases. Swelling of submandibular lymph node and salivary gland was seen in a case. Invasion to brain was identified in a case. All cases were diagnosed as nasal adenocarcinoma by cytology with fine needle aspiration and curettage.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.132-157
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• 1983

This study was performed to investigated the flora and vegetation of Kokum-do island from July 1982 thru December 1983; and the findings hereof are summarized as follows: The flora investigated thereform comprises 737 species whih are classified into 128 families, 466 genera, 651 species, 79 varieties and 7 formae; and those which are worthy of close attention among the same include such endemic species of Korea as Celtis choseniana, Corylopsis coreana, Carpinus tschonoskii var. eximia and Tricyrtis dilatata, and a few plants, to be distributed in the north, such as Lilium distichum, Girardinia cuspidata and Orostachys sikokianus. Now that the said island belongs to the warm temperate zone, the distribution thereof consists of 120 species of evergreen plants including 74 species of evergreen broadleaf trees. The rich distribution of evergreen broadleaf trees in the island is thanks to the plantation thereof by the public organizations for scenic beauty. The destruction of flora in this island was caused by felling, fire nization and other human activities around 1940, and in particular, has been correlated with the population densiity of Yonhong-do, Sanghwa-do, and Hahwado islets; and that of top soil and ground vegetation in he quarry area of Ojon-ri town resulted from the collection of natural rocks an stones. It is evaluated as necessary that such evergreen broadleaf trees as Castanopsis cuspidata var. thunbergii, Machillus thunbergii and Ligustrum japonicum of Hyongje-do. Chun-do, Tok-do, Taech'wi-do, and Soch'wi-do islets, andPhyllostachys bambusoides, Caesalpinia japonica and Albizzia julibirssin of Kokum-do island, and Machillus thunbergii of Hongryon-ri town be under protection. The average DGN of the whole archipelago proves to be 5.84, which shows the tendency of the inverse proportion to the number of resident population per unit area. The pteridophyta distributed in this island comprises 39 species, and the coefficient of cryptogam as to the destruction of vegetation shows a high value of 1.4 which is regarded as indicating the diversified distribution of pteridophyta, forestbed shade plants under the forestbeds of some wellpreserved lots of this island. The naturalized plants, distributed in this island, were found out comprising a total of 23 species, and the Urbanization Index(UI) as to the destruction degree of natural vegetatioin shows a low value of 20.9.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.273-281
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• 1997

Patient with complaints of swelling, pain in the maxillaly region and discomfort visited Seoul National University Dental Hospital in August last year. Clinical examination and diagnostic imagings implied he was suffered from fungal hyphal infection but no causative fungus was found by the histopathologic and microbiologic investigation. Therefore he was diagnosed with nonspecific inflammation. But as yet, we do think this case is very similar to some kinds of mucormycosis. So we presented this case for more thorough discussion.Followings are founded in the examination. 1. Patient had suffered from Diabetes mellitus and complained of stuffness, headache, swelling in buccal cheeks and paresthesia And we found more maxillary bony destruction and ulcer with elevated margin in the palate by clinical examination. 2. In the first visit, Plain films revealed general bony destruction of the maxilla, radiopaqueness in the sinonasal cavities. or and MRI showed soft tissue mass filled in the paranasal sinus except frontal sinus and bony destruction in involved bones. 3. No causative bacteria and fungus was found in the biopsy and microbiologic cultures. 4. Caldwell-Luc operation and curettage were carried and antJbiotics were taken for 4 months. But now he was worse than in the past 5. In the second visit, involvement of orbit, parapharyngeal sinus, clivus, cavernous sinus and middle cranial fossa were seen clearly in the or and MRI.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 2013

In this study we experimentally evaluated an impact resistant performance of fiber reinforced concrete in the moment of explosion by high-velocity projectile with emulsion explosive. To assess the impact resistance, we conducted the impact test of high-velocity projectile which reaches an impact speed of 350 m/s and the experiment of contact exploding emulsion explosive. As a result, bending and tensile performance depending on type of PVA, PE fiber (polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyethylene fiber) and steel fiber affects destruction of rear side in the form of spalling. Destroying the backside of the concrete compressive strength compared to suppress the bending and tensile performance is affected. In addition, the experiment shows that the destruction patterns of concrete specimen producted by high velocity impact and contact explosion are significantly similar. Therefore, it is possible to predict the destruction patterns of specimens in the situation of contact explosion by high-velocity projectile.