• Korean small business review
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.221-243
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to research the effects of desire for independence, possibility of start-up success and employment stability to the push-entrepreneurship through the push-entrepreneurship by a survey of employees in the middle age. The purpose of the creating start-up environment was encouraged the qualitative expansion of opportunity-driven start-up rather than the quantitative expansion of necessity-driven start-up for the economic growth and expanding employment. In spit of the employees had their own careers, skills, opportunities and market-experiences, In reality it is necessity-driven start-up that the quantitative expansion. The purpose of this study was to reflect process change by desire for independence, push-entrepreneurship and pull-entrepreneurship based on the possibility of start-up success and employment stability perceived by individual founders, changed process factor rather than the fixed result factor. The results are as follows. First, it was found that desire for independence makes a positive (+) effect on the pull-entrepreneurship and the push-entrepreneurship. Second, it was found that the possibility of start-up success makes a positive (+) effect on the pull-entrepreneurship and not effect on push-entrepreneurship. third, it was found that the employment stability makes a positive (+) effect on the pull-entrepreneurship and not effect on the push-entrepreneurship. Forth, it was found that desire for independence makes a positive (+) effect on the pull-entrepreneurship and mediating negative (-) effect on the push-entrepreneurship. The implication of this study was that potential entrepreneurs with desire for independence, rather than necessity-driven start-up due to unemployment, could be developed as pull-entrepreneurship improved the situation of push-entrepreneurship. In addition, it seems that entrepreneurship education and activation of entrepreneurship programs for employee with desire for independence expand opportunity-driven start-up after retirement.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.304-312
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• 2009

The latest society is very quickly changing so that it is placed in difficult life of not only the non-disabled people but also disabled people. The demand on welfare of the disabled people is continually increasing by the increasing in population of the disabled people by the expansion of the disabled realm and changing of family structure. The changing about the concept of the disabled, the spreading about the independence life, expecially the expanding about the awareness of the disabled human right, and the circumstance and the paradigm of the surrounded by the disabled welfare is rapidly changing. The right to work is related to the living, and is the important part of value endowment in the social participation and the self-realization, and is the core of the independence life. Therefore, this study is researched into the desire for work of the severely-disabled people in Cheong-ju City and their actual condition, so I present the desire of severely-disabled people and the suitable creation of the employment in Cheong-ju City, and the plan of the expansion of the disabled employment opportunity in my study.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.647-656
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• 2013

The desire of humankind that longed for reappearance of visual makes progress within the development of linear history. The directing point at the moment was the 'eye'. Upon completion of setting the aiming point, visual image attempts reflection of main agent beyond reappearance of it and, by extension, aimed to visualize desire which was latent in the instance of main agent. It was able to experience a fantasy in paintings, photos and movies as a stage of desire, of course. Digital, however, suggested a new phasis in creating a fantasy world. This study aimed to research the fantastic nature in digital image that a fantastic image is created as a reflection of both independence and unconsciousness. As a result of research, this study revealed that digital image, as a channel that image and imaginative desire which were saved in id, is created as a perfect stage on the basis of verisimilitude, granting an experience toward realization of desire to a main agent raising id which was repressed by the ego and superego to the surface.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.47-56
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the impacts of professional socialization perceived by nursing students on role conflict and professional self-concept. Methods: Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected from 683 nursing students. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression were conducted using SAS program. Results: The mean score of total professional socialization was 3.74 followed by the scores of 'independence', 3.98, 'commitment', 3.80, 'decision making', 3.60, and 'maturity', 3.53. The mean score of total role conflict was 3.72, and professional self-concept was 2.75. Total professional socialization, commitment, and independence perceived by nursing students were positively related to role conflict. Also total professional socialization and total subcategories of professional socialization were positively related to professional self-concept. As a result of stepwise multiple regression analysis, the key determinants of role conflict were found to be 'independence', 'motivation with admission', 'sex', 'desire with working', 'grade' and 'decision making'. The key determinants of professional self-concept were 'decision making', 'commitment', 'satisfaction about nursing', and 'interpersonal relationship'. Conclusion: Through this results, it is necessary to improve professional socialization in order to increase professional self-concept among nursing students.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.195-205
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• 2012

This study examines runaway youths at risk in a youths' shelter who are preparing for an independent life and both the facilitating and adverse factors to personal characteristics and independence of runaway youths at risk with the aim to grasp their recognition of independence and level of desire for it and find out necessary factors for a successful independence in multidimensional perspectives including the economic independence, educational independence, psychological independence, and social independence for their sound growth. This will provide the basis for desirable interventions for youths runaway youths at risk to prepare for an independent life. The findings of this study on the factors that affect the preparation for an independent life are as follows: First, as a result of analyzing the effect of micro-systematic factors on the preparation for an independent life, it turned out that problem-solving abilities and self-efficacy had influence on the preparation for a career Second, as a result of analyzing the effect of mesoscopic-systematic variables on the preparation for an independent life, it turned out that the preparation for a career were affected by whether to participate in independence preparation programs and institutional supports, and that career maturity of runaway youths at risk were affected only by the relationship with teachers and participation in independence preparation programs. Third, as a result of analyzing the effect of macro systematic variables on the preparation for an independent life, it turned out that the preparation for a career were affected by participation of the local community and service network, and that participation of the local community was an predictor variable that would affect a career maturity of runaway youths at risk. Fourth, as a result of analyzing ecological systematic variables that might affect the preparation for a career, it turned out that intervening variables and macro systematic variables had the most powerful influence on the preparation for a career among runaway youths at risk. It is necessary, therefore, to provide education programs organized by policies in order to develop problem-solving abilities and vocational capabilities so that runaway youths at risk, and to train and appoint more professional teachers at shelters. Programs for independence preparation need to be developed actively and practically in consideration of the characteristics of shelters, and the network with the local community for support also need to be established in utilization of the human resources and service programs of the community. With the understanding of leaving home of runaway youths at risk as the previous stage of an independence, there should be a housing support for their stable settlement in the perspective of housing welfare until become adults. In addition, there should be education specialized programs for occupation and careers to train runaway youths at risk as professionals including such areas as health, mentality, learning, and voluntary work for their sound growth.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.143-153
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• 2011

Digital leader caught seat by modern's everyday life tool now by popularization of smart device such as Smart phone and Tablet PC. Therefore, desire of readers about electronic book practical use is increasing based on convenience and economic performance of electronic book. 1971, Michael S. Hart established Project Gutenberg to produced first electronic book because inputs American Independence Declaration Statement by computer and produce more electronic books. After that, an electronic book technology repeats several times development and American electronic book take is increasing rapidly. Sales volume of electronic books is dramatically increasing in Korea since digital device such as Smart phone and Tablet PC became popular. This research attempts to analyze factors influencing on shifting from paper book to electronic book. Results of this research proposed grounds for building business strategy. Finding is the factor of social influence is only significant to acceptability intention. It means user of e-Book enhance their acceptability intention along social phenomena.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.4 s.44
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• pp.59-72
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• 2005

Architectural embodiment of a national identity has long been a significant topic in Korean architectural circles. For this reason, it must be helpful to examine the so-called, 'National Romanticism' of Finnish architecture around 1900 in that Finnish architects of the time struggled to embody their national identity through their projects. Considering the historical and linguistic affinities between Finland and Korea, the Finnish architectural situation draws . our additional attention. This paper aims at showing its historical background, the meaning of each type of buildings in the stream, and limitations it implies. The atmosphere of Finnish nationalist movement, which was provoked by [Kalevala] publications (1835; 1845) and shown in Karelianism, was heightened by Tsarist Empire's Russification programme of Finland in the late 19th century Architecture was one of the most important genres expressing her national identity. Finnish national romantic architecture could be divided into three. The first is a log house style for artists' studio house, motivated by the Finnish vernacular farmstead - especially by Karelian farmhouse. This type of building signifies the Finns' will to return to their motherly soil. The second is a stone architecture style for public buildings, inspired by Finnish church or castle of an early medieval time. By using roughly-cut granite as the main exterior material, buildings of this type symbolise the toughness of legendary heroes and Finns' desire for national Independence. The third type of building was based on both of the former or more dependent on architects' Imagination and creativity. However, Finnish national romantic architecture has been criticised by some critics owing to its decorative, eclectic and self-indulgent characteristics. Probably, it was not really national but rather inter-national because of the Influences of English Arts and Crafts Movement, the American Richardsonian architecture and the continental Art Nouveau. And the negative images of 'national' and 'romantic' made some historians coin other terms like 'national realism' or 'material realism'. As another limitation, one raises the low degree of its contribution to the entire architectural history. Despite these criticisms, however, this paper argues that Finnish national romantic architecture is meaningful in itself, particularly because it illustrates vividly Finns' struggle to search for their national identity and, after all, their craving for national independence.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 2023

Most advanced countries that are members of the World Physiotherapy have established a 4-year education system or specialized graduate school system for physical therapists based on national standards. They have also expanded their laws and systems to provide physical therapists with the autonomy and independence to offer services in their clinics. However, compared with developed countries in North America and Europe, there are issues with the autonomy and independence of physical therapists in Korea related to national regulations. Social status and recognition of the profession are also lagging. Korea is expected to become a super-aged society by 2025. To reduce the financial burden of healthcare and welfare on the government, it is necessary to extend the time spent by older adults on independent activities and minimize their time spent using medical services. To achieve this goal and maximize the active life of older adults, a plan to efficiently use licensed physical therapists in the country should be prepared. Korea should increase the license utilization rate of physical therapists to reduce waste at the national level and increase the professional hope of the younger generations of physical therapists. To create a healthcare policy focusing on the use of physical therapy personnel, similar to that in advanced countries, it is necessary to unify educational systems and produce excellent physical therapists. Providing professional autonomy can help physical therapists develop a sense of job satisfaction. Outstanding talent will choose physical therapy as a profession if they can see hope for their future careers, and if physical therapy services in Korea are similar to those delivered in advanced countries, physical therapy in Korea can develop into a healthcare service that people desire.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.57-71
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• 2019

This study intended to analyze the ethical clothing consumption behavior of female adolescents and use it as a basic data for education. Specifically, the female adolescents were classified according to their shopping orientation and then the differences among these groups were examined in terms of their ethical consumption behavior of clothing products, i.e., buying, using and disposing. As a result, three groups were identified: pleasure-seeking, intermediate, independence pursuing according to the shopping orientation sub-factors (loyal, enjoyment, impulsive, imitative and independent). The pleasure-seeking group were more likely to conduct ethical use behavior of clothing products, while the independence-pursuing group conducted more ethical buying and ethical disposing behavior. The lower their desire to enjoy shopping itself, the more cautious they are about their own decisions, and the more confident they about buying from the brand and store they liked, the more likely they were to conduct ethical buying behavior of clothing products. On the other hand, when the emotional and desire-seeking tendencies are combined with independent shopping tendencies, the more likely they conduct ethical use behaviors. In addition, the more they make independent purchasing decisions, the more likely they are to conduct ethical disposal behaivors. The results of this study suggest that providing detailed consumer education that considers individual differences in shopping orientation is needed.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.372-386
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to explore the degree of stress in caregivers caring for CVA patients and the level of daily living performance of CVA patients. The subjects for the study were caregivers of 112 CVA patients who enter a hospital or out-patient-department (OPD) at two Oriental medical hospital in Jeonbuk province. The survey instruments used in this study were Kang's ADL check list for daily living performance of patients and Choi's 4 sore scale for stress of caregivers. The survey was conducted from July 4th to August 30th in 1999. The survey results were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS) program and can be summarized as follows: 1. The level of daily living performance for the CVA patients was: 1) complete dependence (M=14.9, 13.1%), 2) complete independence (M=23.6, 20.9%), 3) incomplete independence (M=23.9, 21.0%), 4) incomplete dependence (M=26.6, 25%), 5) dependence and independence (M=23.0, 20.0%). The items for with there was a high level daily living performance were: 1) drinking (M=3.62), 2) eating(M=3.25). 3) position returning (M=3.18) : and the items for which there was a low level of daily living performance were: 1) ascending and descending stairs (M=2.08), 2) walking (M=2.47), 3) dressing and undressing trousers (M=2.55). 2. Degree of caregiver stress was: Mean=2.39 at 40 score. The items for which was a high level caregiver stress were: 1) medical fee (M=3.25), 2) being handicapped or recurrence (M=3.02) : and the items for which there was a low level of caregiver stress were: 1) discontinuity of patient's treatment (M = 1.98). 2) change of home atmosphere caused by patient's disease (M = 1.98), 3) desire of patient's knowing about disease (M= 1.99). 3. There was statistically significant difference in the degree of caregiver stress according to the following caregiver's demographic characteristics: education level (F=3.52, P=0.03). change of caregiver (F=5.41. P=0.02). 4. There was a statistically signifiant difference in the level of daily living performance according to the CVA patients demographic characteristics: patient's paralytic status (F=4.48, P=0.01), duration of disease (t=2.76, P=0.03). 5. There was significant difference in degree of caregiver stress according to the CVA patient's demographic characteristics: CVA status (F=4.75, P=0.01). 6. There was statistically significant difference in the degree of caregiver stress according to the level of daily living performance in CVA patients(r=-0.482, P<0.00).