• Archives of design research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.17-33
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• 1990

Evaluation plays an essential role in design activity. Many theorist have agreed that designing involves problem solving or decision making. In evaluation, designers attempt to determine the value of a particular proposal arrived at by synthesis. And the results of designing, the product, is evaluated twice, objectively and subjectively.Alternatives in $$\mu$ti-objective decision problems generally possess numerous attributes by which they can be described and compared. The evaluation factors include all attributes that have levels specified by quantitative and qualitative objectives. However since qualitiative factors are difficult to quantify as $$\mu$eral estmates, these factors have tended to be ignored without regard for their importance to human content. Therefore we need some study that convert qualitative attributes into quantitative scale values. Following to Thurstone' s Psychological scaling methods (The method of successive intervals), attribute values of TV set are assigned by rating scale methods. The method of successive intervals, like the method of equal-appearing intervals, requires but a single judgement from each subject for each statement to be scaled. It is, therefore, a convinient method to use when the number of to be scaled is large. We make the assumtion that those cu$$\mu$ative proportion distributions are normal for each statement when they are projected on the unknown psychological continuum. In this study, we have determined the scale values of 42 statements of TV set by the method of successive intervals. Then we can apply a test of internal consistency similar to that used with the method of paired comparisons. We have as our absolute average deviation, -1.748/252= -0.0069. We have reason to believe that our scale values are consistent with the empirical data, because these discrepanicies are very small.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.5 s.101
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• pp.365-370
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• 2005

Many sea accidents such as collisions and groundings of vessels were occurred due to the lack of sufficient manoeuvring capability of vessels. Therefore IMO adopted 'The interim standards of ship manoeuvrability by Resolution A.751(18)' and the standards have been applied to vessels of 100m or more in length and all chemical tankers and gas carriers regardless qf the length, which were constructed on or after 1 July 1994. The IMO manoeuvrability standards are divided into three kinds as bellows; (1) Turning capability standards : Estimated values in design stage are to be certified by turning circle test of the actual vessel. (2) Course keeping quality standards : Estimated values in design stage are to be certified by $10^{\circ}\;and\;20^{\circ}$ Zig-Zag tests of the actual vessel. (3) Shortest stopping distance standards : Estimated values in design stage are to be certified by the shortest stopping distance tested by the actual vessel. In this paper, the authors computed the values of the manoeuvring standards of several vessels from their original design and compared them with those results from experiments of the model ships and also examined the values and concluded about the validity of IMO manoeuvrability standards.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.50-58
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• 1998

Genetic Algorithm (GA) consists of selection, reproduction, crossover and mutation processes and many parameters including population size, generation number, the probability of crossover (Pc) and the probability of mutation (Pm). Determining values of the parameters is found critical in the whole optimization process and a sensitivity analysis with them seems mandatory. This paper tries to demonstrate such importance of sensitivity analysis of GA using an example water supply tunnel network of the New York City. For optimization of the network with GA, Pc and Pm vary from 0.5 to 0.9 by an increment of 0.1 and from 0.01 to 0.05 by an increment of 0.01, respectively, while fixing both the population size and the generation number to 100. This sensitivity analysis results in an optimum design of 22.3879 million dollars at the values of 0.8 and 0.01 for Pc and Pm, respectively. In addition, the probability of recombination (Pr) is introduced to check its applicability in the GA optimization of water distribution network. When Pr is 0.05 with the same values of Pc and Pm as above, the optimum design costs 20.9077 million dollars. This is lower than the cost of 22.3879 million dollars for the case of not using Pr by 6.6%. These results indicate that conducting a sensitivity analysis with parameter values and using Pr are useful in the optimization of WDN.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.3-8
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• 1998

The present work proposes the potential fuzzy framework, based on fuzzy set theory, for supporting decision-making problems, especially, selection problems of a best design in the area of nuclear energy system. The framework proposed is composed of the hierarchical structure module, the assignment module, the fuzzification module, and the defuzzification module. In the structure module, the relationship among decision objectives, decision criteria, decision sub-criteria, and decision alternatives is hierarchically structured. In the assignment module, linguistic or rank scoring approach can be used to assign subjective and/or vague values to the decision analyst's judgment on decision variables. In the fuzzification module, fuzzy numbers are assigned to these values of decision variables. Using fuzzy arithmetic operations, for each alternative, fuzzy preference index as a fuzzy synthesis measure is obtained. In the defuzzification module, using one of methods ranking fuzzy numbers, these indices are defuzzified to overall utility values as a cardinality measure determining final scores. According these values, alternatives of interest are ranked and an optimal alternative is chosen. To illustrate the applicability of the framework proposed to selection problem, as a case example, the best option choice of four design options under five decision criteria for primary containment wall thickening around large penetrations in an advanced nuclear energy system is studied.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.695-700
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• 2013

Thirty-eight radiation safety reports for brachytherapy equipment were evaluated to determine the current status of brachytherapy units in Korea and to assess how radiation oncology departments in Korea complete radiation safety reports. The following data was collected: radiation safety report publication year, brachytherapy unit manufacturer, type and activity of the source that was used, affiliation of the drafter, exposure rate constant, the treatment time used to calculate workload and the HVL values used to calculate shielding design goal values. A significant number of the reports (47.4%) included the personal information of the drafter. The treatment time estimates varied widely from 12 to 2,400 min/week. There was acceptable variation in the exposure rate constant values (ranging between 0.469 and 0.592 ($R{\cdot}m^2/Ci{\cdot}hr$), as well as in the HVLs of concrete, steel and lead for Iridium-192 sources that were used to calculate shielding design goal values. There is a need for standard guidelines for completing radiation safety reports that realistically reflect the current clinical situation of radiation oncology departments in Korea. The present study may be useful for formulating these guidelines.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.264-273
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• 2019

Fashion as a field of cultural studies is a very complex field that is very interesting to discuss, especially in Indonesia as the very rich country in cultures and past traditions. This research will discuss the development of fashion in Bali, one area that is opulent in its cultures. Based on the research conducted by today's fashion development, Bali is still strongly influenced by factors inherited from traditional values that exist in the Balinese culture. This research is conducted by applying the qualitative method with the ethnography approach to unravel any factor in Bali so that it becomes the foundation and triggers the rapid development of fashion by still maintaining the values of the tradition. Considering that the values of tradition as a whole have a good impact on the preservation of the natural balance and various factors that exist in society, whether these factors still exist in other regions of Indonesia and they are possible to be developed in various regions of Indonesia. So hopefully the development of fashion in Indonesia as a whole can maintain the local content that characterizes the Indonesian Nation and have a positive impact on the balance of nature and also to the community in Indonesia and the world culture.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.136-137
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• 2001

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.1150-1153
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• 2005

The orders of Design-Build Delivery System (DBDS) in a large and public construction project have been increasing. Single Source Responsibility (SSR) for design and construction, which contributes to quality improvement of design and construction, has been performed. The DBDS performs SSR for design and construction, but, it has not maximized effect because of the dissatisfied alternative analysis procedures which are based on constructability evaluation and the information system in the design step. In this research, Constructability Evaluation Factors (CEFs) that must be evaluated, investigated, and reflected in the basic design step for design-build projects. The CEF proposed and the business process of each conductor has been systematized. To propose constructability evaluation factors, first classify drawing information by the constructability evaluation sphere. CEFs must be proposed to evaluate factors according to interference among work items. Second, applicable CEFs must be classified by preference ranking and weight. Third, the values of constructability factors in accordance with building elements and work items, need to be calculated. Finally, the CEFs proposal will support rational decision making, design cost reduction, and quality improvement through the values for constructability of building elements and work items.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.621-632
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the physical characteristic of the wheelchair users by directly measuring the disabled men who use a wheelchair and to classify body types. The subjects were 178 male wheelchair users 20-69 years range of age. The results of this study were as follows. The cause of disability was classified into four groups; Poliomyelitis(P), Spinal Cord Injury(S), Cerebral Palsy(C), Amputee(A). There was a remarkable difference in the physical characteristic of the wheelchair users due to their cause of disability. A have greater values in all the dimensions. P have the largest drop values and smaller values in the lower body dimensions. S have greater values in the height of upper body trunk, back interscye length, and chest circumference, whereas smaller values in waist front length and thigh circumference. C have smaller values in most body dimensions except circumference of lower limb. By the factor analysis on the anthropometric data came out the result to be eight factors. The result of cluster analysis using factor scores shows the body types of wheelchair users can be divided into four body types; PY, RBB, TBP, RA. PY type is short and has the largest drop values, whereas RBB type tends to have the smallest drop values. TBP type is tall and the torso tends to be larger than those of the other types. RA type has smaller values in front body dimensions and moderate values in other dimensions. The diversity in body types should be considered among the wheelchair users.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.147-156
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• 1994

Though optimization method had been used for long time for the optimal design of ship structure, design variables in the most cases were assumed to be continuous real values or it was not easy to solve the mixed integer optimum design problems using the conventional optimization methods. Thus, it was often tried to use various initial starting points to locate the best optimum paint and to use special method such as branch and bound method to handle the discrete design variables in the optimization problems. Sometimes it had succeed, but the essential problems for dealing with the local optimum and discrete design variables was left unsolved. Hence, in this paper, Genetic Algorithms adopting the biological evolution process is applied to the ship structural design problem where the integer values for the number of stiffen design variables or the discrete values for the plate thickness variables would be more preferable in order to find out their effects on the final optimum design. Through the numerical result comparisons, it was found that Genetic Algorithm could always yield the global optimum for the discrete and mixed integer structural optimization problem cases even though it takes more time than other methods.