• 상하수도학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2022

The sewer capacity design have been based on the Huff model or the rational equation in South Korea and often failed to determine optimal capacity, resulting in frequent urban flooding or over-sizing. A time distribution of rainfall (i.e., Huff or ABM method) could be used instead of a rainfall hyetograph obtained from statistical analysis of previous rainfalls. In this study, the Huff method and the ABM method, which predict the time distribution of rain intensity, which are widely used to calculate sewage pipe drainage capacity using the SWMM, were compared with the standard rainfall intensity hyetograph of Seoul. If the rainfall duration was 30 minutes to 180 minutes, the rainfall intensity value calculated by the Huff model tended to be less than the rainfall intensity value of the standard rainfall intensity in the initial 5-10 minutes. As a result, more than 10% to 30% of under-design would be made. In addition, the rainfall intensity value calculated by the Huff model from the section excluding the initial 5-10 minutes of rainfall to the rainfall duration was calculated larger than the value using the standard rainfall intensity equation, which would result in an over-design of 10% to 30%. In the case of a relatively long rainfall duration of 360 minutes (6 hours) to 1,440 minutes (24 hours), it showed an lower rainfall intensity of 60 to 90% in the early stages of rainfall, but the problem of under-design had been solved as the rainfall duration time had elapsed. On the other hand, in the alternating block method (ABM) method, it was found that the rainfall intensity at the entire period at each assumed rainfall duration accurately matched the standard rainfall intensity hyetograph of Seoul.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.148-157
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• 2022

Every year, particularly during the monsoon rainy season, landslides at the Chuncheon province of South Korea cause tremendous damage to lives, properties, and infrastructures. More so, the high rainfall intensity and long rainfall days that occurred in 2020 have increased the water content in the soil, thereby increasing the chances of landslide occurrences. Besides this, the rainfall thresholds and characteristics responsible for the initiation of landslides in this region have not been properly identified. Therefore, this paper addresses the rainfall thresholds responsible for the initiation of landslides at Chuncheon from a regional perspective. Using data obtained from rainfall measurements taken from 2002 to 2011, we identify a threshold relationship between rainfall intensity and rainfall duration for the initiation of landslides. In addition, we identify the relationship between the rainfall intensity using a 3-day, 7-day, and 10-day antecedent rainfall observation. Specifically, we estimate the rainfall data at 8 sites where debris flow occurred in 2011 by kriging. Following this, the estimated data are used to construct the relationship between the intensity (I), duration (D), and frequency (F) of rainfall. The results of the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) analysis show that landslides will occur under a rainfall frequency below a 2-year return period at two areas in Chuncheon. These results will be effectively used to design structures that can prevent the occurrence of landslides in the future.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.99-106
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• 1998

This paper presents a procedure for determining the design rainfall depth and the design rainfall intensity at Incheon city area in Korea. In this study the eight probability distributions are considered to estimate the probable rainfall depths for 11 different durations. The Kolmogorov - Smirnov test and the Chi-square test are adopted to test each distribution. The probable rainfall intensity formulas are then determined by i) the least squares (LS) method, ii) the least median squares (LMS) method, iii) the reweighted least squares method based on the LMS (RLS), and iv) the constrained regression (CR) model. The Talbot, the Sherman, the Japanese, and the Unified type are considered to determine the best type for the Incheon station. The root mean squared (RMS) errors are computed to test the formulas derived by four methods. It is found that the Unified type is the most reliable and that all methods presented herein are acceptable for determining the coefficients of rainfall intensity formulas from an engineering point of view.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 기존에 널리 사용되고 있는 설계강우의 시간분포모형인 Mononobe 분포법, Yen과 Chow 분포법, Huff 분포법과 heifer와 Chu 분포법을 강우-유출모형인 SCS 방법, Nakayasu 방법과 Clark 방법에 적용하여 최대 유출상황을 발생시키는 설계강우 시간분포모형을 결정하였다. 각 강우-유출모형에 균등강우강도를 적용한 경우를 기준으로 하여 첨두유량의 변동성을 검토하였다. 대상유역에 적용한 강우-유출모형의 결과를 분석하여 유역별 및 강우-유출모형별로 최대 유출상황을 발생시키는 설계강우의 시간분포모형을 정리한 결과 전체적으로 Yen과 Chow 분포법의 후방집중형으로 나타났다. 결정된 시간분포모형을 바탕으로 지속기간의 변화에 따른 첨두유량의 변동성을 파악한 결과 확률강우강도식의 형태에 따라 최대유량을 발생시키는 지속기간에 변동성이 보여지고 있으며, 강우-유출모형에 의한 영향보다는 확률강우강도식의 형태와 I-D-F곡선에 따라 첨두유량의 변동성이 크게 나타났다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2019

In a climate change environment where heat damage and drought occur during a rainy season such as in 2018, a vegetation-based LID system that enables disaster prevention as well as environment improvement is suggested in lieu of an installation-type LID system that is limited to the prevention of floods. However, the quantification of its performance as against construction cost is limited. This study aims to present an experiment environment and evaluation method on quantitative performance, which is required in order to disseminate the vegetation-based LID system. To this end, a 3^rd quartile huff time distribution mass curve was generated for 20-year frequency, 60-minute probable rainfall of 68mm/hr in Cheonan, and effluent was analyzed by recreating artificial rainfall. In order to assess the reliability of the rainfall event simulator, 10 repeat tests were conducted at one-minute intervals for 20 minutes with minimum rainfall intensity of 22.29mm/hr and the maximum rainfall intensity of 140.69mm/hr from the calculated probable rainfall. Effective rainfall as against influent flow was 21.83mm/hr (sd=0.17~1.36, n=20) on average at the minimum rainfall intensity and 142.27mm/hr (sd=1.02~3.25, n=20) on average at the maximum rainfall intensity. In artificial rainfall recreation experiments repeated for three times, the most frequent quartile was found to be the third quartile, which is around 40 minutes after beginning the experiment. The peak flow was observed 70 minutes after beginning the experiment in the experiment zone and after 50 minutes in the control zone. While the control zone recorded the maximum runoff intensity of 2.26mm/min(sd=0.25) 50 minutes after beginning the experiment, the experiment zone recorded the maximum runoff intensity of 0.77mm/min (sd=0.15) 70 minutes after beginning the experiment, which is 20 minutes later than the control zone. Also, the maximum runoff intensity of the experiment zone was 79.6% lower than that of the control zone, which confirmed that vegetation unit-type LID system had rainfall runoff reduction and delay effects. Based on the above findings, the reliability of a lab-level rainfall simulator for monitoring the vegetation-based LID system was reviewed, and maximum runoff intensity reduction and runoff time delay were confirmed. As a result, the study presented a performance evaluation method that can be applied to the pre-design of the vegetation-based LID system for rainfall events on a location before construction.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2002

본 연구는 공주지역의 한국확률강우량도를 이용하여 확률강우량을 산정한 후 강우강도-지속기간-빈도곡선식을 개발하는데 목적이 있다. 공주지역의 재현기간별 확률강우강도식의 산정결과 강우강도식은 장 단기간으로 구분하는 것이 타당하였고, 강우강도식의 신뢰성을 설명하는 장기간의 결정계수($R^2$)는 $0.9924{\sim}0.9971$로써 매우 높게 나타나고 있기 때문에 본 연구에서 제시한 재현기간별 확률강우강도식이 상당히 의미 있는 것으로 사려된다. 공주지역의 확률강우강도식은 최소자승법을 사용하여 Talbot형, Sherman형, Japanese형, 일반형의 4가지로 분석한 결과 본 연구에서 적용한 Sherman형이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 공주지역의 수공구조물 설계시 본 연구에서 산정된 재현기간별 확률강우강도식을 이용함으로써 보다 정도가 높은 설계를 할 수 있으리라 판단된다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.237-247
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 실제 침수 강우자료를 활용하여 설계강우 주요 요소인 강우량 및 우량주상도가 실측 침수사상을 적절히 반영하는지 분석하는 것이다. 대상지역은 홍수발생 시 피해액이 높은 대도시 7곳을 선정하였다. 확률 강우량과 실측 강우량 비교분석 결과 IDF 곡선을 통한 강우량은 실측 강우사상의 총 강우량보다 낮게 산정되는 경우가 57%로 실측 강우의 강우량을 적절히 반영하고 있지 못한다고 판단되었다. 이러한 경향은 재현빈도가 저 빈도이며 호우 유형이 태풍 또는 전선성 호우일 경우 심해지는 것으로 나타났다. 강우강도 식별 강우량 비교결과 단기간에서는 Talbot 식, 장기간에는 Japanese 식이 안정적인 것으로 나타났다. 우량주상도 비교 결과 최대강우강도는 Mononobe 방법이 형태는 Huff 방법이 가장 적절히 반영하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1775-1790
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• 2014

The regional rainfall intensity formula for Gimhae in Gyeongsangnam-do province is developed in this study. The nine points of rainfall observations were selected. In order to demonstrate the accuracy and the versatility of the proposed rainfall intensity formula, three regions under the jurisdiction of the Meteorological Agency near Gimhae, namely Busan, Changwon, Miryang observatories were selected. The present formula can be effectively employed for various design of hydraulic structures in Gimhae area since it is divided into several refined regions.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.957-965
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• 2008

Recently, slope stability analysis in current design criteria is criticized for its unrealistic assumption of groundwater table and slope stability analysis incorporating seepage analysis considering rainfall is gaining a recognition as an alternative. However, a reasonable method for determining the rainfall used in the seepage analysis has not yet been established. Rainfall input for seepage analysis is a time series of rainfall and is similar to the hyetograph which is usually obtained from hydrology. In this paper a method to obtain the hyetograph from the intensity-duration-frequency is proposed. The resulting hyetograph can be used in the in the slope design stage. Also some considerations for practical application of slope stability analysis considering the rainfall is included.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2011년도 학술발표회
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• pp.16-16
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• 2011

Statistics of extreme rainfall play a vital role in engineering practice from the perspective of mitigation and protection of infrastructure and human life from flooding. While flood frequency assessments, based on river flood flow data are preferred, the analysis of rainfall data is often more convenient due to the finer spatial nature of rainfall recording networks, often with longer records, and potentially more easily transferable from site to site. The rainfall frequency analysis as a design tool has developed over the years in New Zealand from Seelye's daily rainfall frequency maps in 1947 to Thompson's web based tool in 2010. This paper will present a history of the development of New Zealand rainfall frequency analysis methods, and the details of the latest method, so that comparisons may in future be made with the development of Korean methods. One of the main findings in the development of methods was new knowledge on the distribution of New Zealand rainfall extremes. The High Intensity Rainfall Design System (HIRDS.V3) method (Thompson, 2011) is based upon a regional rainfall frequency analysis with the following assumptions: $\bullet$ An "index flood" rainfall regional frequency method, using the median annual maximum rainfall as the indexing variable. $\bullet$ A regional dimensionless growth curve based on the Generalised Extreme Value (GEV), and using goodness of fit test for the GEV, Gumbel (EV1), and Generalised Logistic (GLO) distributions. $\bullet$ Mapping of median annual maximum rainfall and parameters of the regional growth curves, using thin-plate smoothing splines, a $2km\times2km$ grid, L moments statistics, 10 durations from 10 minutes to 72 hours, and a maximum Average Recurrence Interval of 100 years.