SANET-CC : 해상 네트워크를 위한 구역 IP 할당 프로토콜 (SANET-CC : Zone IP Allocation Protocol for Offshore Networks)
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- 지능정보연구
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- 제26권4호
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- pp.87-109
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- 2020
현재 육상에서는 유무선 통신의 발전으로 다양한 IT 서비스를 제공받고 있다. 이러한 변화는 육상을 넘어서서 해상에서 항해 중인 선박에서도 다양한 IT 서비스가 제공되어야 하며 육상에서 이용하는 것과 마찬가지로 양방향 디지털 데이터 전송, Web, App 등과 같은 다양한 IT 서비스들의 제공에 대한 요구가 증가될 것으로 예상하고 있다. 하지만 이러한 초고속 정보통신망은 AP(Access Point)와 기지국과 같은 고정된 기반 구조를 바탕으로 네트워크를 구성하는 지상에서는 쉽게 사용할 수 있는 반면 해상에서는 고정된 기반 구조를 이용하여 네트워크를 구성할 수 없다. 그래서 전송 거리가 긴 라디오 통신망 기반의 음성 위주의 통신 서비스를 사용하고 있다. 이러한 라디오 통신망은 낮은 전송 속도로 인해 매우 기본적인 정보만을 제공할 수 있었으며, 효율적인 서비스 제공에 어려움이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해서 디지털 데이터 상호교환을 위한 추가적인 주파수가 할당되었으며 이 주파수를 사용하여 활용할 수 있는 선박 애드 혹 네트워크인 SANET(ship ad-hoc network)이 제안되었다. SANET은 높은 설치비용과 사용료의 위성 통신을 대신하여 해상에서 IP 기반으로 선박에 다양한 IT 서비스를 제공할 수 있도록 개발되었다. SANET에서는 육상 기지국과 선박의 연결성이 중요하다. 이러한 연결성을 갖기 위해서는 선박은 자신의 IP 주소를 할당 받아 네트워크의 구성원이 되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 선박 스스로 자신의 IP 주소를 할당 받을 수 있는 SANET-CC(Ship Ad-hoc Network-Cell Connection) 프로토콜을 제안한다. SANET-CC는 중복되지 않는 다수의 IP 주소들을 육상기지국에서 선박들에 이어지는 트리 형태로 네트워크 전반에 전파한다. 선박은 IP 주소를 할당할 수 있는 육상 기지국 또는 나누어진 구역의 M-Ship(Mother Ship)들과 간단한 요청(Request) 및 응답(Response) 메시지 교환을 통해 자신의 IP 주소를 할당한다. 따라서 SANET-CC는 IP 충돌 방지(Duplicate Address Detection) 과정과 선박의 이동에 의해 발생하는 네트워크의 분리나 통합에 따른 처리 과정을 완전히 배제할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 SANET-CC의 SANET 적용가능성을 검증하기 위해서 다양한 조건의 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며 기존 연구와 비교 분석을 진행하였다.
Digital Convergence means integration between industry, technology, and contents, and in marketing, it usually comes with creation of new types of product and service under the base of digital technology as digitalization progress in electro-communication industries including telecommunication, home appliance, and computer industries. One can see digital convergence not only in instruments such as PC, AV appliances, cellular phone, but also in contents, network, service that are required in production, modification, distribution, re-production of information. Convergence in contents started around 1990. Convergence in network and service begins as broadcasting and telecommunication integrates and DMB(digital multimedia broadcasting), born in May, 2005 is the symbolic icon in this trend. There are some positive and negative expectations about DMB. The reason why two opposite expectations exist is that DMB does not come out from customer's need but from technology development. Therefore, customers might have hard time to interpret the real meaning of DMB. Time is quite critical to a high tech product, like DMB because another product with same function from different technology can replace the existing product within short period of time. If DMB does not positioning well to customer's mind quickly, another products like Wibro, IPTV, or HSPDA could replace it before it even spreads out. Therefore, positioning strategy is critical for success of DMB product. To make correct positioning strategy, one needs to understand how consumer interprets DMB and how consumer's interpretation can be changed via communication strategy. In this study, we try to investigate how consumer perceives a new product, like DMB and how AD strategy change consumer's perception. More specifically, the paper segment consumers into sub-groups based on their DMB perceptions and compare their characteristics in order to understand how they perceive DMB. And, expose them different printed ADs that have messages guiding consumer think DMB in specific ways, either cellular phone or personal TV. Research Question 1: Segment consumers according to perceptions about DMB and compare characteristics of segmentations. Research Question 2: Compare perceptions about DMB after AD that induces categorization of DMB in direction for each segment. If one understand and predict a direction in which consumer perceive a new product, firm can select target customers easily. We segment consumers according to their perception and analyze characteristics in order to find some variables that can influence perceptions, like prior experience, usage, or habit. And then, marketing people can use this variables to identify target customers and predict their perceptions. If one knows how customer's perception is changed via AD message, communication strategy could be constructed properly. Specially, information from segmented customers helps to develop efficient AD strategy for segment who has prior perception. Research framework consists of two measurements and one treatment, O1 X O2. First observation is for collecting information about consumer's perception and their characteristics. Based on first observation, the paper segment consumers into two groups, one group perceives DMB similar to Cellular phone and the other group perceives DMB similar to TV. And compare characteristics of two segments in order to find reason why they perceive DMB differently. Next, we expose two kinds of AD to subjects. One AD describes DMB as Cellular phone and the other Ad describes DMB as personal TV. When two ADs are exposed to subjects, consumers don't know their prior perception of DMB, in other words, which subject belongs 'similar-to-Cellular phone' segment or 'similar-to-TV' segment? However, we analyze the AD's effect differently for each segment. In research design, final observation is for investigating AD effect. Perception before AD is compared with perception after AD. Comparisons are made for each segment and for each AD. For the segment who perceives DMB similar to TV, AD that describes DMB as cellular phone could change the prior perception. And AD that describes DMB as personal TV, could enforce the prior perception. For data collection, subjects are selected from undergraduate students because they have basic knowledge about most digital equipments and have open attitude about a new product and media. Total number of subjects is 240. In order to measure perception about DMB, we use indirect measurement, comparison with other similar digital products. To select similar digital products, we pre-survey students and then finally select PDA, Car-TV, Cellular Phone, MP3 player, TV, and PSP. Quasi experiment is done at several classes under instructor's allowance. After brief introduction, prior knowledge, awareness, and usage about DMB as well as other digital instruments is asked and their similarities and perceived characteristics are measured. And then, two kinds of manipulated color-printed AD are distributed and similarities and perceived characteristics for DMB are re-measured. Finally purchase intension, AD attitude, manipulation check, and demographic variables are asked. Subjects are given small gift for participation. Stimuli are color-printed advertising. Their actual size is A4 and made after several pre-test from AD professionals and students. As results, consumers are segmented into two subgroups based on their perceptions of DMB. Similarity measure between DMB and cellular phone and similarity measure between DMB and TV are used to classify consumers. If subject whose first measure is less than the second measure, she is classified into segment A and segment A is characterized as they perceive DMB like TV. Otherwise, they are classified as segment B, who perceives DMB like cellular phone. Discriminant analysis on these groups with their characteristics of usage and attitude shows that Segment A knows much about DMB and uses a lot of digital instrument. Segment B, who thinks DMB as cellular phone doesn't know well about DMB and not familiar with other digital instruments. So, consumers with higher knowledge perceive DMB similar to TV because launching DMB advertising lead consumer think DMB as TV. Consumers with less interest on digital products don't know well about DMB AD and then think DMB as cellular phone. In order to investigate perceptions of DMB as well as other digital instruments, we apply Proxscal analysis, Multidimensional Scaling technique at SPSS statistical package. At first step, subjects are presented 21 pairs of 7 digital instruments and evaluate similarity judgments on 7 point scale. And for each segment, their similarity judgments are averaged and similarity matrix is made. Secondly, Proxscal analysis of segment A and B are done. At third stage, get similarity judgment between DMB and other digital instruments after AD exposure. Lastly, similarity judgments of group A-1, A-2, B-1, and B-2 are named as 'after DMB' and put them into matrix made at the first stage. Then apply Proxscal analysis on these matrixes and check the positional difference of DMB and after DMB. The results show that map of segment A, who perceives DMB similar as TV, shows that DMB position closer to TV than to Cellular phone as expected. Map of segment B, who perceive DMB similar as cellular phone shows that DMB position closer to Cellular phone than to TV as expected. Stress value and R-square is acceptable. And, change results after stimuli, manipulated Advertising show that AD makes DMB perception bent toward Cellular phone when Cellular phone-like AD is exposed, and that DMB positioning move towards Car-TV which is more personalized one when TV-like AD is exposed. It is true for both segment, A and B, consistently. Furthermore, the paper apply correspondence analysis to the same data and find almost the same results. The paper answers two main research questions. The first one is that perception about a new product is made mainly from prior experience. And the second one is that AD is effective in changing and enforcing perception. In addition to above, we extend perception change to purchase intention. Purchase intention is high when AD enforces original perception. AD that shows DMB like TV makes worst intention. This paper has limitations and issues to be pursed in near future. Methodologically, current methodology can't provide statistical test on the perceptual change, since classical MDS models, like Proxscal and correspondence analysis are not probability models. So, a new probability MDS model for testing hypothesis about configuration needs to be developed. Next, advertising message needs to be developed more rigorously from theoretical and managerial perspective. Also experimental procedure could be improved for more realistic data collection. For example, web-based experiment and real product stimuli and multimedia presentation could be employed. Or, one can display products together in simulated shop. In addition, demand and social desirability threats of internal validity could influence on the results. In order to handle the threats, results of the model-intended advertising and other "pseudo" advertising could be compared. Furthermore, one can try various level of innovativeness in order to check whether it make any different results (cf. Moon 2006). In addition, if one can create hypothetical product that is really innovative and new for research, it helps to make a vacant impression status and then to study how to form impression in more rigorous way.
대두증산의 중요성에 미추어 대두의 다수계통 선발을 위하여 전년에 공시한 22품종을 재료로 각 형질의 유전력, 각 형질상호간의 유전상관, 그리고 선발지수 등을 재검토하기 위하여 선발시험을 한 바 대체로 전보 전년의 결과와 같다. 1. 유전력 : 유전력을 추정하기 위하여 파종기별로 각 형질의 평균치의 변동을 보면 제1표와 같이 파종기가 지연됨에 따라 형질의 평균치는 감소하고 (Table 1), 형질중에는 환경에 따라 크게 영향을 받는 것도 있으며(Table 2), 각 형질별 유전력을 추정한 바 그 결과는 제3표와 같다. 즉 개화일수ㆍ결실일수ㆍ생육일수 등 생유기간에 관계되는 형질은 그의 유전력이 높고 형태적 특성에 관계되는 형질중에서도 경장 100입중은 높으나 수량에 관여하는 형질 등은 낮았다. 그리고 파종기에 따라서도 변동을 하며 대체로 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 감소하는 경향이 보인다(Table 3). 2. 유전상관 : 각 형질 상호간의 유전상관ㆍ표현형상관을 알기 위하여 각 형질의 표현형분산과 각 형질 상호간의 표현형공분산ㆍ유전공분산. 그리고 환경공분산을 산출한 바 그 결과는 제4,5표와 같고(Table 4,5), 그들의 유전상관과 표현형상관은 제6표와 같다(Table 6). 대체로 유전사관의 정도는 표현형상관보다높으나 파종기에 따라서도 변동하고 있다. 일주입중 즉 수랴오가 타형질과의 상관을 보면 대체로 전보와 같이 100입중이외의 제형질은 정의 상관을 보이며, 파종기에 따라서도 그 값이 변동을 하나 전보에서는 일주입중과 분지수 사이에 고도의 상관관계가 보였으나, 본실험에 있어서는 상관의 경향이 보였을 따름이다. 그리고 본실험에 있어서는 일주협수와 일주입수간에서 유전상관이 1이상의 이상치를 보였다. 3. 선발지수 : 선발이 최종 대상형질을 일주입중(형질 Y)으로 하여 여기에 어려 형질을 조합한 선발지수(Selection index A)와 최종 대상형질을 수량과 높은 유전상관이 있는 일주협수(형질 Y')로 하여 여기에 여러 형질을 조합한 선발지수(Selection index B)를 Robinson et al.의 방법에 의하여 작성하여 본 바 제7표와 같다(Table 7). 전보의 결과와 같이 대두의 선발에 있어서는 최종 대상형질을 일주입중 대신에 일주협수로써 선발하여도 대차가 없고, 선발대상형질을 4개형질이상인 경우에는 그 효과가 조사와 산출에 요하는 노력에 비하여 크게 기대될 정도가 못된다. 이와 같은 점에서 다수확을 목표로 하는 선발은 탈곡조제 전에 일주협수ㆍ분지수ㆍ경직경 등에 대하여 조사를 하고 선발지수를 산출하여 Selection score가 큰 계통부터 선발하여 가면 될 것으로 믿는다. 그리고 선발을 위한 대상형질로는 생육일수(X
To survive in the global competitive environment, enterprise should be able to solve various problems and find the optimal solution effectively. The big-data is being perceived as a tool for solving enterprise problems effectively and improve competitiveness with its' various problem solving and advanced predictive capabilities. Due to its remarkable performance, the implementation of big data systems has been increased through many enterprises around the world. Currently the big-data is called the 'crude oil' of the 21st century and is expected to provide competitive superiority. The reason why the big data is in the limelight is because while the conventional IT technology has been falling behind much in its possibility level, the big data has gone beyond the technological possibility and has the advantage of being utilized to create new values such as business optimization and new business creation through analysis of big data. Since the big data has been introduced too hastily without considering the strategic value deduction and achievement obtained through the big data, however, there are difficulties in the strategic value deduction and data utilization that can be gained through big data. According to the survey result of 1,800 IT professionals from 18 countries world wide, the percentage of the corporation where the big data is being utilized well was only 28%, and many of them responded that they are having difficulties in strategic value deduction and operation through big data. The strategic value should be deducted and environment phases like corporate internal and external related regulations and systems should be considered in order to introduce big data, but these factors were not well being reflected. The cause of the failure turned out to be that the big data was introduced by way of the IT trend and surrounding environment, but it was introduced hastily in the situation where the introduction condition was not well arranged. The strategic value which can be obtained through big data should be clearly comprehended and systematic environment analysis is very important about applicability in order to introduce successful big data, but since the corporations are considering only partial achievements and technological phases that can be obtained through big data, the successful introduction is not being made. Previous study shows that most of big data researches are focused on big data concept, cases, and practical suggestions without empirical study. The purpose of this study is provide the theoretically and practically useful implementation framework and strategies of big data systems with conducting comprehensive literature review, finding influencing factors for successful big data systems implementation, and analysing empirical models. To do this, the elements which can affect the introduction intention of big data were deducted by reviewing the information system's successful factors, strategic value perception factors, considering factors for the information system introduction environment and big data related literature in order to comprehend the effect factors when the corporations introduce big data and structured questionnaire was developed. After that, the questionnaire and the statistical analysis were performed with the people in charge of the big data inside the corporations as objects. According to the statistical analysis, it was shown that the strategic value perception factor and the inside-industry environmental factors affected positively the introduction intention of big data. The theoretical, practical and political implications deducted from the study result is as follows. The frist theoretical implication is that this study has proposed theoretically effect factors which affect the introduction intention of big data by reviewing the strategic value perception and environmental factors and big data related precedent studies and proposed the variables and measurement items which were analyzed empirically and verified. This study has meaning in that it has measured the influence of each variable on the introduction intention by verifying the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variables through structural equation model. Second, this study has defined the independent variable(strategic value perception, environment), dependent variable(introduction intention) and regulatory variable(type of business and corporate size) about big data introduction intention and has arranged theoretical base in studying big data related field empirically afterwards by developing measurement items which has obtained credibility and validity. Third, by verifying the strategic value perception factors and the significance about environmental factors proposed in the conventional precedent studies, this study will be able to give aid to the afterwards empirical study about effect factors on big data introduction. The operational implications are as follows. First, this study has arranged the empirical study base about big data field by investigating the cause and effect relationship about the influence of the strategic value perception factor and environmental factor on the introduction intention and proposing the measurement items which has obtained the justice, credibility and validity etc. Second, this study has proposed the study result that the strategic value perception factor affects positively the big data introduction intention and it has meaning in that the importance of the strategic value perception has been presented. Third, the study has proposed that the corporation which introduces big data should consider the big data introduction through precise analysis about industry's internal environment. Fourth, this study has proposed the point that the size and type of business of the corresponding corporation should be considered in introducing the big data by presenting the difference of the effect factors of big data introduction depending on the size and type of business of the corporation. The political implications are as follows. First, variety of utilization of big data is needed. The strategic value that big data has can be accessed in various ways in the product, service field, productivity field, decision making field etc and can be utilized in all the business fields based on that, but the parts that main domestic corporations are considering are limited to some parts of the products and service fields. Accordingly, in introducing big data, reviewing the phase about utilization in detail and design the big data system in a form which can maximize the utilization rate will be necessary. Second, the study is proposing the burden of the cost of the system introduction, difficulty in utilization in the system and lack of credibility in the supply corporations etc in the big data introduction phase by corporations. Since the world IT corporations are predominating the big data market, the big data introduction of domestic corporations can not but to be dependent on the foreign corporations. When considering that fact, that our country does not have global IT corporations even though it is world powerful IT country, the big data can be thought to be the chance to rear world level corporations. Accordingly, the government shall need to rear star corporations through active political support. Third, the corporations' internal and external professional manpower for the big data introduction and operation lacks. Big data is a system where how valuable data can be deducted utilizing data is more important than the system construction itself. For this, talent who are equipped with academic knowledge and experience in various fields like IT, statistics, strategy and management etc and manpower training should be implemented through systematic education for these talents. This study has arranged theoretical base for empirical studies about big data related fields by comprehending the main variables which affect the big data introduction intention and verifying them and is expected to be able to propose useful guidelines for the corporations and policy developers who are considering big data implementationby analyzing empirically that theoretical base.
The purpose of this thesis is to disclose some characteristics of water consumption in relation to the quantities of dry matters through the growing period for two statured varieties of paddy rice which are a tall statured variety and a short one, including the water consumption during seedling period, and to find out the various coefficients of evapotranspiration that are applicable for the water use of an expected yield of the two varieties. PAL-TAL, a tall statured variety, and TONG-lL, a short statured variety were chosen for this investigation. Experiments were performed in two consecutive periods, a seedling period and a paddy field period, In the investigation of seedling period, rectangular galvanized iron evapotranspirometers (91cm