• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-98
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• 2008

Considerably many numbers of studies on country-of-origin(hereafter COO) effects have been presented in international business and marketing areas. Recent studies have been included the effects of COO of manufacture, parts, and design, as well as the effects of brand origin, reflected by the accelerating convergent manufacture circumstances and increasingly competitive environments. Moderating constructs such as knowledge of product category and involvement as individual variables, have been also introduced and researched in various angles. In addition, how the effects of COO occur as processes is also argued in previous studies. This research has attempted to explain business corporation's strategic decisions on choosing a domain of its product manufacturing for several critical reasons, for cost reduction or better image. We displayed two constructs of brand and manufacture in a positive and negative country image group to reconfirm the existence of the effects of COO. Additionally, the effects of respondents' regulatory fit between their motivational focus and the contents of product messages, have been declared. Furthermore the respondents' motivational focus moderates the main effect of COO on product evaluations in a positive 'made-in' combination, while, surprisingly, it does not statistically moderate in a negative, except attitude. Based on the results, implications and suggestions on how to plan and execute more effective marketing strategies regarding COO dimensions, especially COO of manufacture, are separately presented for each situations when it has already been determined and when it is to be.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.35-42
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• 2024

This study evaluated the buildability and mechanical properties of 3DP concrete printed in air and underwater environments. Buildability was evaluated by green strength test on fresh concrete and height and deflection immediately and 1 hour after printing. The green compressive strength of the concrete was 5.0 kPa after 30 minutes and 7.9 kPa after 3 hours, an increase of 1.6 times the initial strength. The total height of the laminated parts met the design height regardless of the printing environment. The amount of deflection in air and under water 1 hour after printing was 1 mm and 0.2 mm, respectively, indicating a small amount of deflection under water. The apparent density of the sample appeared in the order of A-M > A-P > UW-P. This is believed to be because a large amount of air is mixed into the concrete during the printing process, and water infiltrates during the underwater printing process. The compressive strength ratio of UW-P/A-P was 0.86 at 1 day, but the compressive strength of the underwater printed concrete was high from 7 days.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2024

PHC piles demonstrate superior resistance to compression and bending moments, and their factory-based production enhances quality assurance and management processes. Despite these advantages that have resulted in widespread use in civil engineering and construction projects, the design process frequently relies on empirical formulas or N-values to estimate the soil-pile friction, which is crucial for bearing capacity, and this reliance underscores a significant lack of experimental validation. In addition, environmental factors, e.g., the pH levels in groundwater and the effects of seawater, are commonly not considered. Thus, this study investigates the influence of vibrating machine foundations on PHC pile models in consideration of the effects of varying pH conditions. Concrete model piles were subjected to a one-month conditioning period in different pH environments (acidic, neutral, and alkaline) and under the influence of seawater. Subsequent repeated direct shear tests were performed on the pile-soil interface, and the disturbed state concept was employed to derive parameters that effectively quantify the dynamic behavior of this interface. The results revealed a descending order of shear stress in neutral, acidic, and alkaline conditions, with the pH-influenced samples exhibiting a more pronounced reduction in shear stress than those affected by seawater.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.231-247
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• 2024

In the field of high-level radioactive waste disposal targeting deep rock environments, hydraulic characteristic information serves as the most important key factor in selecting relevant disposal sites, detailed design of disposal facilities, derivation of optimal construction plans, and safety evaluation during operation. Since various rock types are mixed and distributed in a small area in Korea, it is important to conduct preliminary work to analyze the hydrogeological characteristics of rock aquifers for various rock types and compile the resulting data into a database. In this paper, we obtained hydraulic conductivity data, which is the most representative field hydraulic characteristic of a high-depth volcanic bedrock aquifer, and also analyzed and evaluated the field data. To acquire field data, we used a high-performance hydraulic testing system developed in-house and applied standardized test methods and investigation procedures. In the process of hydraulic characteristic data analysis, hydraulic conductivity values were obtained for each depth, and the pattern of groundwater flow through permeable rock joints located in the test section was also evaluated. It is expected that the series of data acquisition methods, procedures, and analysis results proposed in this report can be used to build a database of hydraulic characteristics data for high-depth rock aquifers in Korea. In addition, it is expected that it will play a role in improving technical know-how to be applied to research on hydraulic characteristic according to various bedrock types in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

A cyber-physical system is a technology that connects the physical systems of a manufacturing environment with a cyber space to enable simulation. One of the major challenges in this technology is the seamless communication between these two environments. In complex manufacturing processes, it is crucial to adapt to various protocols of manufacturing equipment and ensure the transmission and reception of a large volume of data without delays or errors. In this study, we propose a method for constructing agent models for real-time simulation-capable cyberphysical systems. To achieve this, we design data collection units as independent agent models and effectively integrate them with existing simulation tools to develop the overall system architecture. To validate the proposed structure and ensure reliability, we conducted empirical testing by integrating various equipment from a real-world smart microfactory system to assess the data collection capabilities. The experiments involved testing data delay and data gaps related to data collection cycles. As a result, the proposed approach demonstrates flexibility by enabling the application of various internal data collection methods and accommodating different data formats and communication protocols for various equipment with relatively low communication delays. Consequently, it is expected that this approach will promote innovation in the manufacturing industry, enhance production line efficiency, and contribute to cost savings in maintenance.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.96-106
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• 2024

This study aimed to examine the effects of non-face-to-face sleep program combined with aroma necklace on quality of sleep, daytime sleepiness, depression, and stress in insomnia with college students. A nonequivalent control group pre-post test design was used. The experimental group(n=21) underwent non-face-to-face sleep program combined with aroma-necklace while the control group(n=21) received a sleep booklet. Sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, depression, and stress were measured to identify the effectiveness of the program. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test, χ²-test, and independent t-test with the SPSS 24.0 program. In the homogeneity test of the general characteristics and study outcome variables there were no significant differences between the two groups. Significant group differences were found in sleep quality (t=-5.87, p<.001), daytime sleepiness(t=-4.28, p<.001), and depression(t=-4.40, p<.001). No differences were found in the stress. Non-face-to-face sleep improvement program combined with an aroma-necklace was effective in improving insomnia in college students. Nurses can contribute to improving sleep and depression by applying this program to college students experienced insomnia living in various environments.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.206-212
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• 2024

Purpose: This study conducted research on the sharing of information to enhance the survival rate of emergency patients by swiftly transferring them to appropriate hospitals through sharing the patients' conditions, treatment histories, and transportation information with the Maritime Police Agency and relevant agencies when emergencies occur in the marine environment. Methods: In this study, emergency patient information classified in a smartphone app was received, stored, and transmitted using the LoRa communication method by electronic triage tags, and the transmitted emergency patient information was implemented to be collected in real-time through a hybrid triage system along with LoRa receivers. Results: Through the hybrid triage system, it was possible to receive emergency patient information according to the distance or confirm delayed reception. It was observed that most data were received when the distance was short, while data reception was unsuccessful in relatively longer distances. Conclusion: It was confirmed that in mass disaster environments where internet communication is impossible, rapid and accurate understanding of casualty information at disaster sites and appropriate disaster responses can be achieved using self-networking methods such as LoRa communication. However, limitations inherent in communication methods were also recognized. Further research on various communication methods is required to collect emergency patient information and transfer them to appropriate hospitals in situations where internet communication is unavailable.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.297-305
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• 2024

As society changes rapidly, the role and status of general education has produced many changes, and accordingly, it is forming a close relationship with various social and cultural environments around the school. Especially, the direction in which general education should proceed and the development of regional-linked general education models have been actively studied at a time when the relationship between local regions and universities is getting strong. In this study, we have provided significant policy implications related to the development and application of future university-local cooperation models by developing a subject of community service activities based learning (CSAL) to get closer to community service and by analyzing actual educational cases and applying them to real community service organizations. In addition, we closely collaborated with local volunteer organizations operated by this local government system to connect with local community service, and through this, we reviewed actual cooperative classes with a local university and local volunteer organizations for the class curriculum, and developed a model to activate the university-local educational ecosystem.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.531-544
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze traffic flow characteristics according to the market penetration rate (MPR) of autonomous vehicles (AV) on road sections where bus rapid transit (BRT) is actually operating. Furthermore, the maximum traffic volume was set through estimation of future traffic demand, and traffic flow characteristics were analyzed through traffic simulation for each scenario considering of a combination of BRT introduction and AV's MPR. To test statistical significance, Kruskal-Willis test and Jonckheere-Terpstra test were used to examine the impact of the market penetration rate of Autonomous vehicles on travel time and delay time etc. At the same time, the existence of the order relationship among travel time data according to the market penetration rate of autonomous vehicle was examined. As a result of the analysis, it was founded that the travel time significantly decreased as the MPR of AV increases in both intermittent flow and continuous flow environments. In particular, in the case of continuous flow, the law of increasing returns was satisfied in the effect of increasing travel speed and reducing travel time as the MPR of AV increases. The results of this study are expected to be used as a basic information for design plans for road reconstruction and space utilization after the commercialization of AV in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.60-72
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to identify detailed factors that affect visitor satisfactions of the plants on display, environments of pedestrian road and facility of each theme garden by conducting a survey of visitors to Jade Garden. The 400 data including 100 copies per theme garden were used for statistical analysis. The statistical techniques used in the survey analysis include multi-regression analysis, t-test, and analysis of variance(ANOVA). As a result of the analysis, most of theme gardens tended to have the greatest impact on the satisfaction of the plants on display and the lowest level of facility satisfaction. According to detailed factors analysis of the satisfaction of plants on display satisfaction of plant diversity and the method of plant display were most affected in most of the theme gardens. Among them, promoting the satisfaction of plant diversity is necessary to plant various species, but in case of Ginkgo Maze Garden, a type of tree community as one tree(Ginkgo biloba), the satisfaction of plants diversity did not show a rising-up value. Therefore, it was confirmed that the appropriate degree of plants diversity depends on the theme or environment of the garden. In the case of the pedestrian-road-satisfaction, the width of the pedestrian road was the most affected, It was analyzed that whether the point of intersection can be easily available during peak season has a significant impact on the satisfaction of visitors. In the case of facility satisfaction, it was analyzed that the presence of rest and convenience facilities had the most direct influence on visitors, so the facility diversity had the greatest influence. Therefore, it is necessary to more systematically categorize and consider the influential detailed factors such as plants diversity and methods of plant display, width of pedestrian road and facilities diversity for the management and development of the arboretum.