• International Journal of Contents
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2009

This paper describes ongoing work on the correction of adverb errors committed by Korean learners studying English as a foreign language (EFL), using an automated English writing assessment system. Adverb errors are commonly found in learners 'writings, but handling those errors rarely draws an attention in natural language processing due to complicated characteristics of adverb. To correctly detect the errors, adverbs are classified according to their grammatical functions, meanings and positions within a sentence. Adverb errors are collected from learners' sentences, and classified into five categories adopting a traditional error analysis. The error classification in conjunction with the adverb categorization is implemented into a set of mal-rules which automatically identifies the errors. When an error is detected, the system corrects the error and suggests error specific feedback. The feedback includes the types of errors, a corrected string of the error and a brief description of the error. This attempt suggests how to improve adverb error correction method as well as to provide richer diagnostic feedback to the learners.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2017

In this paper, Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy set theory is used to handle the uncertainty of students' knowledgeon domain concepts in an E-learning system. Their knowledge on these domain concepts has been collected from tests that were conducted during their learning phase. Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy user model is proposed to deal with vagueness in the user's knowledge description in domain concepts. The user model uses Atanassov's intuitionistic fuzzy sets for knowledge representation and linguistic rules for updating the user model. The scores obtained by each student were collected in this model and the decision about the students' knowledge acquisition for each concept whether completely learned, completely known, partially known or completely unknown were placed into the information table. Finally, it has been found that the proposed scheme is more appropriate than the fuzzy scheme.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2022

Metaverse provides a simulated environment where a large number of users can participate in various activities. In order for Metaverse to be sustainable, it is necessary to study ethics that can be applied to a Metaverse service platform. In this paper, Metaverse ethics and the rules for applying to the platform are explored. And, in order to judge the ethicality of avatar actions in social Metaverse, the identity, interaction, and relationship of an avatar are investigated. Then, an action-based audit approach to avatar interactions (e.g., dialogues, gestures, facial expressions) is introduced in two cases that an avatar enters a digital world and that an avatar requests the auditing to subjects, e.g., avatars controlled by human users, artificial intelligence (AI) avatars (e.g., as conversational bots), and virtual objects. Pseudocodes for performing the two cases in a system are presented and they are examined based on the description of the avatars' actions.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.908-915
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• 1986

In this paper, an English-Korean machine translation system which consists of a syntax analyzer, a semartic analyzer and a sentence generatodr is proposed. The intermediate language in the syntax analysis is described by a lambda categorial grammar that is based on Montague Grammar, and the augmented context free grammar is introduced in the description of object language. Much difficulty in constructing general rules and semantic representations of an object language in the parser can be avoided by using the knowledge from the user interface utility that can modify the contents of dictionary and grammar rules.

• 한국지능정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지능정보시스템학회 1999년도 추계학술대회-지능형 정보기술과 미래조직 Information Technology and Future Organization
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• pp.347-354
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• 1999

The credit rating represents an assessment of the relative level of risk associated with the timely payments required by the debt obligation. In this paper, we present a new approach to credit rating of customers based on the rough set theory. The concept of a rough set appeared to be an effective tool for the analysis of customer information systems representing knowledge gained by experience. The customer information system describes a set of customers by a set of multi-valued attributes, called condition attributes. The customers are classified into groups of risk subject to an expert's opinion, called decision attribute. A natural problem of knowledge analysis consists then in discovering relationships, in terms of decision rules, between description of customers by condition attributes and particular decisions. The rough set approach enables one to discover minimal subsets of condition attributes ensuring an acceptable quality of classification of the customers analyzed and to derive decision rules from the customer information system which can be used to support decisions about rating new customers. Using the rough set approach one analyses only facts hidden in data, it does not need any additional information about data and does not correct inconsistencies manifested in data; instead, rules produced are categorized into certain and possible. A real problem of the evaluation of the evaluation of credit rating by a department store is studied using the rough set approach.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2014

현재 실용화된 국내 문법 검사기는 경험적으로 구축된 오류 결정 규칙을 이용해 주위의 문맥을 보고 문법 오류를 판단하는 문맥 의존 오류를 처리하고 있다. 그러나 기존 문법 검사기의 오류 결정 규칙은 어휘 수준으로 구축되어 있어 검사기의 재현율이 낮다. 따라서 어휘대신 어휘 범주 정보를 사용하여 오류 결정 규칙을 일반화할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 검사단어가 용언일 때 선택 제약 명사의 의미 범주를 국내에서 개발된 어휘의미망 KorLex에서 TCM과 MDL을 이용해 추출하고 추출된 의미 범주를 이용해 용언의 오류 결정 규칙을 일반화하는 방법을 제안한다.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제15A권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2008

다양한 모바일 기기들이나 무선 네트워크들에 의한 무분별한 자원 접근은 시스템에 문제를 일으킬 수 있으므로 접근 권한 관리는 매우 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 프로그래머가 각 응용 프로그램에 맞는 접근 권한 규칙을 정책 파일로 작성하고 이를 실행시키는 접근 제어 시스템을 구현하였다. 본 논문에서 구현된 접근 제어 시스템인 CACM(Context-awareness Access Control Manager)은 상황 인식 기반의 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅을 위한 프레임워크인 JCAF을 바탕으로 구현하였다. CACM은 프로그래머가 작성한 정책 파일을 바탕으로 접근을 제어한다. 또한 본 논문에서는 정책 파일을 정적 분석하여 잘못된 정책 파일 규칙 알려주는 지원 시스템을 제공하며 본 시스템을 사용하여 개발된 유비쿼터스 응용 프로그램의 실행을 시뮬레이션 할 수 있는 시뮬레이터와 시뮬레이션 결과를 제공한다.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.3-13
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• 1993

이 논문은 한국정보관리학회 주관으로 1992년에 신규 제정하여 국립중앙도서관에 제안한 고서용 MARC 포멧과 기술규칙을 기초로 그 특징적인 것을 요약 정리한 것이다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제33권
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• pp.121-144
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• 2007

The International Chamber of Commerce has been the world's leading organization in the field of international commercial dispute resolution. Established in 1923 as the arbitration body of ICC, the International Court of Arbitration has pioneered international commercial arbitration as it is known today. The ICC International Court of Arbitration is the world's foremost institution in the resolution of international business disputes. While most arbitration institutions are regional or national in scope, the ICC Court is truly international. The purpose of this paper is to examine their advantages and to introduce main contents provided in ICC Rules of Arbitration as follows; First, before the actual merits of the case can be addressed, the Arbitral Tribunal must first draw up the Terms of Reference. The Terms of Reference should include the particulars listed in the ICC Rules. Apart from the full names and description of the parties and arbitrators, the place of arbitration and a summary of the parties' respective claims, they contain particulars concerning the applicable procedural rules and any other provisions required to make the Award enforceable at law Second, the Scrutiny is a fundamental feature of ICC arbitration and is one that distinguishes it from the other major international arbitration rules. The scrutiny system has two aspects ; the first is to identify or modify the defects of form, while the second is to draw the arbitrators' attention to points of substance. Third, as soon as practicable, the Court fixes an advance on costs intended to cover the estimated fees and expenses of the arbitrators, as well as the administrative expenses of ICC. Specially, the advance on costs fixed by the Court shall be payable in equal shares by the Claimant and Respondent. Finally, the parties are also free to select the arbitrator or arbitrators of their choice. The Court or the Secretary General confirms arbitrators nominated by the parties. Taking a step forward, to upgrade the quality of the award of KCAB, it is desirable to consider how to incorporate the main contents of the ICC Arbitration into Korea Commercial Arbitration Rules.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.47-69
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• 2016

본 연구는 국제적인 목록동향과 한국목록규칙에서 전거형 접근점 관련 규칙의 필요성을 인식하고, 한국목록규칙 내에서 전거형 접근점의 방향성과 전거형 접근점의 선정에 관한 규칙(안)을 제안하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 연구방법으로는 문헌연구, 사례조사, 면담조사를 실시하였다. 문헌연구로 개념모델인 FRBR과 목록규칙의 방향을 제시한 국제목록원칙(ICP), 그리고 FRBR을 구현하고 ICP를 반영하는 목록규칙인 RDA의 접근점 규칙을 분석하였으며, 사례조사에서는 VIAF의 다양한 전거형 접근점의 사례를 분석하였다. 더불어, 국내에서 전거데이터를 구축하고 있는 4개 대학도서관 편목사서를 대상으로 면담조사를 실시하였다. 이러한 분석 및 조사결과를 바탕으로 하여 한국목록규칙에서 전거형 접근점의 방향과 전거형 접근점의 기본이 되는 채택표제 규칙(안)을 제안하였다. 본 연구는 앞으로 FRBR의 저작 및 표현형 전거를 위한 중요한 바탕이 될 것이며, 한국목록규칙에서 전거형 접근점의 선정 규칙을 마련하는데 기반이 될 것이다.