• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-etching on the bond strength of silorane-based composite specific adhesive system to dentin. Materials and Methods: Thirty human molars were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the different bonding strategies. For teeth restored with silorane-based composite (Filtek Silorane, 3M ESPE), the specific self-etching adhesive system (Adhesive System P90, 3M ESPE) was used with and without pre-etching (Pre-etching/Silorane and Silorane groups). Teeth restored with methacrylate based-composite (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE) were hybridized with the two-step self-etching system (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray), with and without pre-etching (Pre-etching/Methacrylate and Methacrylate groups), or three-step adhesive system (Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, 3M ESPE) (Three-step/Methacrylate group) (n = 6). The restored teeth were sectioned into stick-shaped test specimens ($1.0{\times}1.0mm$), and coupled to a universal test machine (0.5 mm/min) to perform microtensile testing. Results: Pre-etching/Methacrylate group presented the highest bond strength values, with significant difference from Silorane and Three-step/Methacrylate groups (p < 0.05). However, it was not significantly different from Pre-etching/Silorane and Methacrylate groups. Conclusions: Pre-etching increased bond strength of silorane-based composite specific adhesive system to dentin.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the bonding durability of self-etching dentin bonding agents to dentin by means of shear bonding strength. Several acid-etching dentin bonding system (ESPE Z100) and self-etching dentin bonding systems (DEN-FIL, GRADIA DIRET) were used. The occlusion surface of human molars were ground flat to expose dentin and treated with the etch bonding system according to manufactures instruction and followed by composite resin application. After 24hours of storage at 37$^{\circ}C$, the shear bonding strength of the specimens was measured in a universal testing machine with a 1mm/min crosshead speed. An one-way analysis of variance and the scheffe test were performed to identify significant differences (p<0.05). The bonded interfacial surfaces and treated dentin surfaces were examined using a SEM. Through the analysis of shear bond strength data and micro-structures of dentin-resin interfaces, following results are obtained. In dentin group, the shear bond strength of DEN-FIL showed statistical superiority in comparison to the other groups and followed by ESPE Z100 and GRADIA DIRECT (p<0.05).

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제42권11호통권426호
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• pp.790-797
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• 2004

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tooth surface pre-treatment steps on shear bond strength, which is essential for understanding the adhesive cementation process. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Shear bond strengths of different cements with various tooth surface treatments (none, etching, priming, or etching and priming) on enamel and dentin of human teeth were measured using the Swiss shear test design. Three adhesives (Permaflo DC, Panavia F 2.0, and Panavia V5) and one self-adhesive cement (Panavia SA plus) were included in this study. The interface of the cement and the tooth surface with the different pre-treatments was analyzed using SEM. pH values of the cements and primers were measured. RESULTS. The highest bond strength values for all cements were achieved with etching and primer on enamel ($25.6{\pm}5.3-32.3{\pm}10.4MPa$). On dentin, etching and priming produced the highest bond strength values for all cements ($8.6{\pm}2.9-11.7{\pm}3.5MPa$) except for Panavia V5, which achieved significantly higher bond strengths when pre-treated with primer only ($15.3{\pm}4.1MPa$). Shear bond strength values were correlated with the micro-retentive surface topography of enamel and the tag length on dentin except for Panavia V5, which revealed the highest bond strength with primer application only without etching, resulting in short but sturdy tags. CONCLUSION. The highest bond strength can be achieved for Panavia F 2.0, Permaflo DC, and Panavia SA plus when the tooth substrate is previously etched and the respective primer is applied. The new cement Panavia V5 displayed low technique-sensitivity and attained significantly higher adhesion of all tested cements to dentin when only primer was applied.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.243-251
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of etching by monitoring the etched surfaces and the shear bonding strength of resin and porcelain with etched zirconia. Methods: The CAD/CAM was used to produce 24 zirconia blocks in groups of six. The zirconia specimen surfaces were sandblasted, and they were then divided into 12 specimens with surface etching and 12 specimens without etching for the control group. 12 specimens of composite resin were bonded using a curing light, and 12 specimens of porcelain underwent vita porcelain build-up sintering and the shear bonding strength was measured using a universal testing system. The SEM photographs were taken in order to observe any differences in the surfaces before and after etching, and they were magnified by a factor of 8 in order to observe fractured surface types. Results: The results of the shear bonding strength measurements are as follows: For the composite resin tests, between zirconia and resin, the shear bonding strength of the control group (NZR) without surface etching was 4.68 Mpa and the experimental group (EZC) with surface etching was 9.65 Mpa, which is significantly higher. The crystal structure of the zirconia was confirmed to be different in observations of the surfaces before and after etching. Conclusion : In comparing the shear bonding strength of zirconia and composite resin, the effects of etching were found to be significant. The effects of surface etching were also observed in fractured surfaces between zirconia and porcelain. This is expected to be applicable to various prosthetics as surface etching on zirconia is used in clinics.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.140-149
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 지르코니아 에칭에 의한 표면변화가 지르코니아 코어와 도재 사이의 결합강도에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 전단결합강도 실시하였고, 표면의 변화를 관찰하기 위한 SEM 측정, 에칭처리에 따른 지르코니아의 성분변화를 알아보기 위해 EDS 분석을 실시하였다. 그리고 구강상태에서 15~20년의 저온열화현상을 재현하기 위해 저온 열화 처리를 시행하여 전단결합강도 평가를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과가 도출되었다. 1. 에칭처리를 시행하지 않은 시편과 에칭처리를 시행한 시편의 전단결합강도를 비교할 경우 에칭한 시편의 전단결합강도가 큰 것을 알 수 있다. 이는 에칭용액이 지르코니아코어 표면에 interlocking을 형성하여 기계적인 결합을 높여 주었을 것이라고 생각된다. 2. 전단결합강도의 결과(EZ>AEZ>NEZ>ANEZ)를 보았을 때 통계적으로는 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 저온열화처리를 하지 않고 에칭처리를 한 EZ군이 전단결합강도가 가장 큰 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 파절 양상에서도 EZ군에서만 응집파절을 보여 가장 결합강도가 높다는 결과를 도출할 수 있다. 결론적으로 저온열화처리 여부에 관계없이 표면에칭처리를 한 시편의 전단결합강도가 큰 것으로 나타나 지르코니아 표면의 에칭처리로 인한 interlocking의 형성이 기계적인 결합을 향상시키는 요인이 되었다고 생각된다.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2009

Objectives : This study investigated the hypothesis that the dentin bond strength of self-etching adhesives (SEAs) may be improved by applying a coat of hydrophobic, neutral adhesive resin in addition to SEA. Method and Materials : The bond strengths of two SEAs - Experimental SEA (EX) and Adper Prompt (AP) - were measured with three bonding protocols. The D/E resin of All-Bond 2 was applied as the hydrophobic, neutral adhesive. Clearfil SE Bond (SE, self-etching primer system) and All-Bond 2 (AB, total etching system) were used as references. The following protocols were used: (1) EX1 (EX 1 coat); (2) EX2 (EX 2 coats); (3) EX+ (EX 1 coat + D/E resin); (4) AP1 (AP 1 coat); (5) AP2 (AP 2 coats); (6) AP+ (AP 1 coat + D/E resin); (7) SE (SE primer + SE bond); (8) SE+ (SE primer + D/E resin); (9) AB (etching + AB primer + D/E resin). Filtek Z250 composite resin was built up and the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) values of the specimens were compared. The fractured surfaces were observed using SEM. Results : When SEA was used as self-etching primer and hydrophobic, neutral adhesive was applied as well, MTBS was significantly higher than that when either one coat or two coats of SEA only were used (p < 0.05). Conclusion : The hydrophobic, neutral adhesive improved the integrity of the bonded interface obtained with SEA.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.160-167
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• 2021

Purpose: In this study, when the etching treatment method, which is a chemical surface treatment method, is applied to colored zirconia, the shear bond strength between the veneering ceramic material and colored zirconia is compared with that without surface treatment, and the fracture type is observed to evaluate the etching treatment effect of colored zirconia. Methods: Experiments were conducted after dividing the study sample into two groups, which are the zirconia control group without surface treatment using colored zirconia blocks (without etching zirconia, NZC group) and the zirconia group treated with a commercially available etching solution (etching liquid zirconia, EZC group). Results: The mean shear bond strength of the NZC group was 20.31±2.32 Mpa, and that of the EZC group was 25.95±2.34 Mpa, and the difference between these two values was statistically significant (p<0.05). Further, the surface roughness Ra value was higher in the EZC group than in the NZC group. In the fracture pattern, cohesive fractures were dominant, and adhesive fractures and cohesive fractures were mixed. Conclusion: The bond strength was significantly higher in the group treated with colored zirconia. The fracture pattern was mostly cohesive failure in the group not treated with etching and changed to mixed failure as the etching treatment progressed.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.479-484
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of additional acid etching and curing mechanism (light-curing or self-curing) of a composite resin on the dentin bond strength and compatibility of one-step self-etching adhesives. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sixteen human permanent molars were randomly divided into eight groups according to the adhesives used (All-Bond Universal: ABU, Clearfil S3 Bond: CS3), additional acid etching (additional acid etching performed: EO, no additional acid etching performed: EX), and composite resins (Filtek Z-250: Z250, Clearfil FII New Bond: CFNB). Group 1: ABU-EO-Z250, Group 2: ABU-EO-CFNB, Group 3: ABU-EX-Z250, Group 4: ABU-EX-CFNB, Group 5: CS3-EO-Z250, Group 6: CS3-EO-CFNB, Group 7: CS3-EX-Z250, Group 8: CS3-EX-CFNB. After bonding procedures, composite resins were built up on dentin surfaces. After 24-hour water storage, the teeth were sectioned to make 10 specimens for each group. The microtensile bond strength test was performed using a microtensile testing machine. The failure mode of the fractured specimens was examined by means of an optical microscope at ${\times}20$ magnification. The data was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's post-hoc test (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. Additional etching groups showed significantly higher values than the no additional etching group when using All-Bond Universal. The light-cured composite resin groups showed significantly higher values than the self-cured composite resin groups in the Clearfil S3 Bond. CONCLUSION. The additional acid etching is beneficial for the dentin bond strength when using low acidic one-step self-etch adhesives, and low acidic one-step self-etch adhesives are compatible with self-cured composite resin. The acidity of the one-step self-etch adhesives is an influencing factor in terms of the dentin bonding strength and incompatibility with a self-cured composite resin.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2014

PURPOSE. Numerous methods were used to etch the fiber posts to improve its bonding to root canal dentin. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of 37% phosphoric acid in etching fiber posts in comparison with 24% hydrogen peroxide. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Ninety human maxillary central incisors were taken and post space preparation was done. Ninety fiber posts were taken and divided into three groups (n=30) based on the surface treatment they received ($H_3PO_4$, $H_2O_2$, distilled water) and each group was further divided (n=10) based on the time period of application (15 seconds, 30 seconds, 60 seconds). All the posts were luted into canals using Rely X UniCem-2. Each tooth was then sectioned into six slices and subjected to push out test. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis at P<.05. The surface topography was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS. Highest bond strength values were noted in 15 seconds etched phosphoric acid group and 60 seconds etched hydrogen peroxide group with no significant difference between two groups. Surface topography revealed complete epoxy layer removal with no damage to its structural integrity in those groups. CONCLUSION. $H_3PO_4$ etching for a period of 15 seconds is an effective alternative in improving the adhesion of fiber post to root dentin.