• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.58 no.7
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• pp.443-447
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• 2020

The esthetic properties of zirconia receive increasing attention as its demand and application escalates. Thus, it is crucial to investigate how zirconia is esthetically different from other dental ceramics. In this study, we evaluated the translucency of zirconia and suggest a method to increase its translucency. We examined the shade of zirconia and offer its distinguishing features. Finally, we analyzed monolithic zirconia restorations to propose esthetic considerations in clinics.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.45 no.9 s.460
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• pp.528-534
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• 2007

경제적인 수준의 향상과 환자의 심미에 관한 요구도가 높아짐에 따라 금속이 없는 수복물, 특히 세라믹으로 구성된 완전도재관을 이용한 보철 수복이 점차로 증가되는 추세이다. 현재까지 발표된 문헌에 의하면 강도보다는 심미가 더 요구되는 부위에는 Glass ceramics 를, 심미보다는 강도가 더 요구되는 부위에는 지르코니아 세라믹을 이용한 완전전장관이나 고정성 국소의치를 제작하는 것이 일반적으로 추천되며, 그 수복물의 장기간의 성공적인 기능을 위해서는 올바른 접착 방법을 이용하는 것이 중요하다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1992.05a
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• pp.93-93
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• 1992

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.309-319
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• 1996

This study was performed to evaluate the fracture toughness of seven commercially available dental ceramics by indentation fracture method. All specimens were fabricated to the final dimensions of approximately 12mm in diameter 2mm in thickness. The characte-ristic indentation dimensions of Vickers or Knoop indentation were measured to calculate the fracture toughness values and Young’s moduli. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Young’s modulus and Vickers hardness of Vita In-Ceram showed the maximum values of $154.4{\pm}49.2$ Gpa and $12.60{\pm}0.71$Gpa, respectively. Results of Scheff test exhibited the significant difference between Vita In-Ceram group and others(p<0.01). 2. Maximum fracture toughness of $2.562{\pm}0.37 MPam^{1/2}$ for Vita In-Ceram and the maxi-mum one of $0.908{\pm}0.132MPam^{1/2}$ for Vitadur-N were calculated. Results of Scheff test showed the significant difference between Vita In-Ceram group and Vita Hi-Ceram(p<0.05) : also between Vita In-Ceram or Vita Hi-Ceram and others(p<0.01). 3. The alumina-based core ceramics showed the aspect of Palmqvist crack for the indentation load of 49.0N, but others showed the median/lateral crack for the indentation load of 9.8N.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.134-140
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• 2013

Objectives: There has been a growing interest in glass ceramic systems with good esthetics, high fracture resistance and bonding durability, and simplified fabrication techniques using CAD/CAM. The aim of this study is to compare flexural strength before and after heat treatment of two lithium disilicate CAD/CAM blocks, IPS e.max CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent) and Rosetta SM (Hass), and to observe their crystalline structures. Materials and Methods: Biaxial flexural strength was tested according to ISO 6872 with 20 disc form specimens sliced from each block before and after heat treatment. Also, the crystalline structures were observed using field-emission scanning microscopy (FE-SEM, Hitachi) and x-ray diffraction (XRD, Rigaku) analysis. The mean values of the biaxial flexural strength were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of p = 0.05. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in flexural strength between IPS e.max CAD and Rosetta SM either before heat treatment or after heat treatment. For both ceramics, the initial flexural strength greatly increased after heat treatment, with significant differences (p < 0.05). The FE-SEM images presented similar patterns of crystalline structure in the two ceramics. In the XRD analysis, they also had similar patterns, presenting high peak positions corresponding to the standard lithium metasilicate and lithium disilicate at each stage of heat treatment. Conclusions: IPS e.max CAD and Rosetta SM showed no significant differences in flexural strength. They had a similar crystalline pattern and molecular composition.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2017

PURPOSE. Considering the importance of metal-ceramic bond, the present study aimed to compare the bond strength of ceramics to cobalt-chrome (Co-Cr) alloys made by casting and selective laser melting (SLM). MATERIALS AND METHODS. In this in-vitro experimental study, two sample groups were prepared, with one group comprising of 10 Co-Cr metal frameworks fabricated by SLM method and the other of 10 Co-Cr metal frameworks fabricated by lost wax cast method with the dimensions of $0.5{\times}3{\times}25\;mm$ (following ISO standard 9693). Porcelain with the thickness of 1.1 mm was applied on a $3{\times}8-mm$ central rectangular area of each sample. Afterwards, bond strengths of the samples were assessed with a Universal Testing Machine. Statistical analysis was performed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and T-test. RESULTS. Bond strength in the conventionally cast group equaled $74.94{\times}16.06\;MPa$, while in SLM group, it equaled $69.02{\times}5.77\;MPa$. The difference was not statistically significant ($P{\leq}.05$). CONCLUSION. The results indicated that the bond strengths between ceramic and Co-Cr alloys made by casting and SLM methods were not statistically different.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

The purpose of this research was to evaluate ceramics reinforced with thin metal wires, The results could be applied to evaluate the mechanical properties of in fabricating ceramic crowns and bridges. The wires used in the study were Platinum of 0.025 mm, 0.0508 mm, 0.1 mm and Titanium of 0.127 mm diameters. The ingot used was for staining technique. One or two wires were inserted into the ceramics and the specimens were observed with dental X-rays. The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1.The commonly observed phenomenon was that the wires inserted were pushed away to the peripherally, regardless of types diameter, or numbers of wires. 2.In some Empress specimen the wire was observed to be loosed and cut off.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 1999

Glass ceramics for dental crown prosthesis were prepared by crystallization of CaO-MgO-SiO2-$P_2O_5-TiO_2$ glasses. Their crystallization behaviors have been investigated as a function of heattreatment temperature, holding time and chemical composition in relation to mechinical properties. Crystallization peak temperatures were determined by differential thermal analysis(DTA). Crystalline phases and mircostructures of heat-treated sample were determined by the means of powder X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The final crystalline phase assemblages and the microstructures of the samples were found to be dependent on glass compositions, heattreatment temperature, and holding time. 1st crystallization peak temperature(TP), affected strongly by apatite, was found to be increased or decreased. From the experiment, the following results were obtained : 1. The crystallization peak temperature($T_P$) formed by apatite increased until adding up to 9wt% $TiO_2$ to base glass composition, then decreased above that. 2. Apatite($Ca_{10}P_6O_{25}$), whitlockite(${\beta}-3CaO-P_2O_5$), $\beta$-wollastonite($CaSiO_3$), magnesium tianate($MaTiO_3$) and diopside(CaO-MgO-$2SiO_2$) crystal phase were precipitated in MgO-CaO-$SiO_2-TiO_2-P_2O_5$ glass system containing 9wt% and 11wt% of $TiO_2$ 3. Vickers hardness of samples increased with increasing heat-treatment temperature and Vickers hardness of S415T9 samples heat-treated at 1075 was approxi-mately 813Kg $mm^{-2}$ as maximum value. 4. Vickers hardness of samples increased due to precipitation of apatite, whitlockite, $\beta$-wollastonite, magnesium titanate, and diopside crystal phases within glass matrix.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.372-376
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• 1998

Using calcium-phosphate-powder targets with the Ca/P ratios of 1.0-1.67, hydroxyapatite ($Ca_{10}(PO_4)_6(OH)_2$, HAp) thin films with 4-7㎛ thickness were prepared on titanium metal plates by r.f. magnetron sputtering, followed an annealing at $200^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr under a high water vapor pressure using an autoclave. All the specimens were systematically characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM and EDS analyses. The post-annealed films were confirmed to be a nonstoichiometric oxyhydroxyapatite by XRD and FT-IR measurements.