• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.35 no.5
• /
• pp.387-394
• /
• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the whitening efficacy and longevity of home bleaching. Materials and Methods: A total of 28 patients were divided into either experimental group (Opalescence F; 15% carbamide peroxide) or control group randomly. The patients in experimental group were instructed to wear individual trays applied with bleaching gel for 2 hours a day for 4 weeks. Any treatments weren't applied to the patients in control group. The color measurements of central incisors, lateral incisors & canines of upper and lower arch were recorded at base line, immediately after the finishment of treatmemt (4 weeks), 8 weeks and 12 weeks using Colorimeter (Chroma Meter, 2600d Konica Minolta co.) and Vitapan classical shade guide (Vita Zahnfabrik). Results: A significantly stronger color change was observed for overall teeth samples in experimental group immediately after treatment (at 4 weeks) compared to ones in control group (p < 0.05). There was also a significant difference between baseline and 8 weeks or 12 weeks separately though color rebouncing phenomenon occurred as time went by (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The clinical effecacy and longevity of home bleaching without combined application of in-office bleaching was observed through this experiment.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.178-184
• /
• 2021

Background: As the importance of the esthetic function of teeth increases, the use of esthetic restoration materials and whitening treatment are increasing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the color change of esthetic restoration materials upon using staining and whitening toothpaste. Methods: Light curing (LC) packable composite resin, LC flowable resin, LC glass ionomer (GI), and self-curing GI specimens were colored in coffee or curry for three hours a day for seven days. After that, regular toothpaste, whitening toothpaste containing hydrogen peroxide, and whitening toothpaste containing activated charcoal were applied for three minutes three times a day for two weeks. Luminosity (L), chromaticity a (a), and chromaticity b (b) were measured using a spectrophotometer once a week. Results: In the coffee-colored group, the change in L^2*a^2*b² (E²) with time was significant (p=0.004), there was no difference for different toothpaste types (p=0.646), and there was significant difference (p<0.001) for different esthetic restorative materials. The change of E² in the curry-colored group was significant only for different esthetic restorative materials (p<0.001). In the coffee-colored group, the L, a, and b values of the light-curing GI showed greater change than other materials after staining and one week after whitening, turning dark, red, and yellow. In the curry-colored group, L did not differ for different materials and times, and a and b showed the greatest difference in light-curing GI after staining and one and two weeks after whitening. Conclusion: The use of whitening toothpaste for two weeks was not different from the use of general toothpaste in the removal of staining or whitening. Since light-curing GI is the most vulnerable to coloration, it is recommended that coloring by food chromogen should be explained in advance, before using light-curing GI for teeth restoration.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.54-60
• /
• 2013

Rhus verniciflua Stokes (Anacadiaceae) is a plant that is native to East Asian countries, such as Korea, China, and Japan, and it has been found to exert various biological activities including antioxidative, anti-aggregatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, and apoptotic effects. Sulfuretin is one of the major flavonoid component isolated from the heartwood of R. verniciflua. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced via dental adhesive bleaching agents and pulpal disease, can cause oxidative stress. In the present study, we isolated sulfuretin from R. verniciflua and demonstrated that sulfuretin possesses cytoprotective effects against hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced dental cell death. $H_2O_2$ is a representative ROS and causes cell death through necrosis in human dental pulp (HDP) cells. $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity and production of ROS were blocked in the presence of sulfuretin, and these effects were dose dependent. Sulfuretin also increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression. In addition, to determine whether sulfuretin-induced HO-1 expression mediated this cytoprotective effect, HDP cells were cotreated with sulfuretin in the absence or presence of SnPP, an inhibitor of HO activity. Sulfuretin-dependent HO-1 expression was required for suppression of $H_2O_2$-induced HDP cell death and ROS generation. These results indicate that sulfuretin-dependent HO-1 expression was required for the inhibition of $H_2O_2$-induced cell death and ROS generation. In addition, sulfuretin may be used to prevent functional dental cell death and thus may be useful as a pulpal disease agent.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2013

This study evaluated the change of color and the microhardness according to time-out using the office bleaching with in vitro test after bleaching one time 1 day per week, total three times, for the control group and three times per 1day for the experimental group. $L^*$ was increased in both groups. Group 1 showed a significant increase statistically between before and after tooth whitening (p<0.05). Group 2 showed a significant increase statistically between before and after tooth whitening (p<0.05). ${\Delta}E^*$ was huge in both groups. In group 1, it was great in terms of statistical significance between 1 day and 7 days after tooth whitening (p<0.05). In group 2, it was the greatest between before and 1 day after tooth whitening and was significant statistically as well (p<0.05). Vickers hardness number (VHN) decreased in both groups. In group 1, VHN decreased over time and the difference was significant statistically (p<0.05). In group 2, VHN decreased over time and the difference was significant statistically (p<0.05). Percentage microhardness loss was great in both groups. In group 1, it was the greatest between 1 day and 7 days after the treatment, and it was significant statistically (p<0.05). In group 2, it was the greatest between before and 1 day after the treatment, and it was significant statistically (p<0.05). Put together, the more frequent tooth whitening a day is, the longer the period of tooth whitening when applying the same frequency, the greater color change was, however the microhardness decreased, in regard to the results over time using 15% hydrogen peroxide tooth whitening product for professionals.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.302-308
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The emergence profile concept of an implant restoration is one of the most important factors for the esthetics and health of peri-implant soft tissue. This paper reports on two cases of gingival recontouring by the fabrication of a provisional implant restoration to produce an optimal emergence profile of a definitive implant restoration. Methods: After the second surgery, a preliminary impression was taken to make a soft tissue working cast. A provisional crown was fabricated on the model. The soft tissue around the implant fixture on the model was trimmed with a laboratory scalpel to produce the scalloped gingival form. Light curing composite resin was added to fill the space between the provisional crown base and trimmed gingiva. After 4 to 6 weeks, the final impression was taken to make a definitive implant restoration, where the soft tissue and tooth form were in harmony with the adjacent tooth. Results: At the first insertion of the provisional restoration, gum bleaching revealed gingival pressure. Four to six weeks after placing the provisional restoration, the gum reformed with harmony between the peri-implant gingiva and adjacent dentition. Conclusions: Gingival recontouring with a provisional implant restoration is a non-surgical and non-procedure-sensitive method. The implant restoration with the optimal emergence profile is expected to provide superior esthetic and functional results.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Gingival whitening is one of dental treatment purposes which is close to treating aesthetic disorders. Initial gingival whitening treatment was done by dermabrasion using a high power Diode Laser. However, this treatment method cannot be free from any infection or pain after the treatment. Therefore, we have decided to progress gingival whitening treatment using a low power LED laser. Materials and Methods: The laser was irradiated on pork meat then the safety of output power, temperature change and skin denaturalization was measured. Bison 365 nm LED laser was irradiated on oral mucosal pigment of a 15 - 20 kg beagle for 15 min for 1 - 2 weeks, one or two times each. Any pigment loss was checked through Hematoxyline-Eosin staining. Results: The melanin pigments at the area of 365 nm LED Laser irradiation were decreased. Conclusion: The 365 nm LED Laser proposed in this study is considered to compensate the bleaching effect achieved by either using Diode laser or surgical methods.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.351-360
• /
• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the tooth whitening effect of Listerine Healthy White and provide effective management of extrinsic discoloration by comparing the whitening effects of existing whitening products. Methods: The included study four groups: those using whitening gel, whitening toothpaste, and Listerine Healthy White and a control using artificial saliva. Each group received 40 bovine tooth specimens, which were stained with commonly consumed tooth-coloring-inducing foods; black tea, black coffee, and instant noodles for 72 hours. The specimens were treated with tooth whitening materials for 5 weeks, after which the lightness (L^*) was measured weekly using a spectrophotometer. Results: There was a significant difference in lightness among the groups between the 1st and 5th week of treatment for all tooth-coloring-inducing foods (p<0.05). When comparing the changes in lightness values from before whitening to the 5th week of whitening for all tooth-coloring-inducing foods, the order of change was as follows: whitening gel, whitening toothpaste, Listerine Healthy White, and artificial saliva. Listerine Healthy White showed a significant whitening effect for all tooth-coloring-inducing foods (p<0.05). Particularly, changes in lightness values for specimens stained by black tea after 5 weeks of whitening were in the following order: whitening gel (21.72), whitening toothpaste (14.89), Listerine Healthy White (12.91), and artificial saliva (3.85). For specimens stained by black coffee, the changes in lightness values were in the following order: whitening gel (12.99), whitening toothpaste (9.66), Listerine Healthy White (7.91), and artificial saliva (3.12). Lastly, changes in lightness values for specimens stained by instant noodles were as follows: whitening gel (10.84), whitening toothpaste (9.85), Listerine Healthy White (7.71), and artificial saliva (2.61). Conclusion: Listerine Healthy White exhibits continuous whitening effects over time, and for consumers seeking convenient ways to achieve tooth whitening effects at home, consistent use of Listerine Healthy White is recommended.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.13 no.10
• /
• pp.4717-4724
• /
• 2012

This study is to examine the relation between Korean fermented food and discoloration on teeth, which have undergone profession tooth whitening. The color change of natural tooth, which has undergone professional tooth whitening, is objectively measured by dental colorimeter after being immersed in Korean fermented food for certain period. The tooth specimens used in this study are 30 pieces and measured 30 times per one tooth, 900 times totally by dental colorimeter ShadeEye NCC$^{(R)}$ Dental Chroma Meter. As a result of analyzing the collected data by using PASW(statistical package) 18.0, the significant difference is found (p<0.001) in lightness and yellowness before and after of professional tooth whitening. The lightness and yellowness after immersion is changed (p<0.001) according to time. As a result of examining the degree of discoloration based on type of fluids, the similar difference is indicated (p=0.001, p<0.001 1,2 and 3 weeks after getting professional tooth whitening. As a result, Korean traditional fermented food influences on discoloration on bleached tooth depended on the duration of immersion and the type of fluids. However, this study failed to represent internal oral condition accurately therefore the results of this study could be altered by the internal oral condition, frequency of consumption of food, and the management oral hygiene.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.272-279
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to provide baseline data which could suggest a direction of role based efficient integrated clinical education by avoiding duplicate of contents through analyzing clinical courses. Among the 7 clinical courses, orthodontics and periodontology were the most published subjects which were published in 5 kinds of books and dental materials was the least published subject which was published in 2 kinds of books on investigation of overlapping contents based on titles that appeared on chapters and verses of all textbooks for clinical courses. Dental implant was covered in 4 subjects such as oral maxillofacial surgery, prosthodontics, periodontology and dental materials which was the most number. Other overlapping contents were restoration treatment, occlusion and malocclusion, temporomandibular joint diseases, anesthesia sedation, tooth trauma, systemic disease and dental treatment, dental casting, isolation techniques, tooth bleaching, pulp protection, gingivitis periodontitis, tooth development, etc. Reviews of textbooks of clinical courses should be conducted in a detailed manner by systematic, various studies in order to improve quality of the textbooks.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.271-279
• /
• 2011

In clinic, esthetic restoration of a defective natural tooth with composite resin is challenging procedure and needs complete understanding of the color of tooth itself and materials used. The optical characteristics of the composites are different because the chemical compositions and microstructures are not same. This review provided basic knowledge of the color and the color measurement devices, and analyze the color of the natural tooth. Further, the accuracy of the shade tab, color of the composite resins before and after curing, effect of the water, food and bleaching agent, and translucency, opalescence, and fluorescence effects were evaluated.