• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.25-36
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The analysis of space configuration of dentistry through examining Korean dental history and comparison are necessary for the development of planning of the dental healthcare system. This study has been started in order to provide basic information for the planning of hospital architecture in dentistry. Methods: Literature review of space configuration and historical background in dentistry have been conducted. The changes of site plan and space configuration of Seoul National University, Yonsei University and Kyunghee University, School of Dentistry and Dental Hospital have been analyzed in dental history of Korea and corresponding spaces. Results: The result of this study can be summarized in three points. The first one is that space configuration of dentistry in Korea is different from that of West. The clinical treatment space had been started first and the education and research space was followed after a short interval. The second one is that the space configuration in School of Dentistry and Dental Hospital shows that dental space had differentiated and specialized to dental education and clinical space in a building. It had spatially divided and separated to the education and research complex and the dental hospital and it had a branch building. The third one is that the dental public health in Korea has not been actively applied until recently and it should be developed in a near future. Implications: It is necessary to analyze space configuration of other dental schools and their hospitals to develop the relationship between space and program in healthcare system.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2019

Background: An inability to cope with threatening dental stimuli, i.e., sight, sound, and sensation of airotor, manifests as anxiety and behavioral management problems. Behavior modification techniques involving pre-exposure to dental equipment will give children a first-hand experience of their use, sounds, and clinical effects. The aim of this study was to compare the techniques of Tell-Show-Play-doh, a smartphone dentist game, and a conventional Tell-Show-Do method in the behavior modification of anxious children in the dental operatory. Methods: Sixty children in the age group of 4-8 years, with Frankl's behavior rating score of 2 or 3, requiring Class I and II cavity restorations were divided into three groups. The groups were Group 1: Tell-Show-Play-doh; Group 2: smartphone dentist game; and Group 3: Tell-Show-Do technique and each group comprised of 20 children. Pulse rate, Facial Image Scale (FIS), Frankl's behavior rating scale, and FLACC (Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, Consolability) behavior scales were used to quantify anxious behavior. Operator compliance was recorded through a validated questionnaire. Results: The results showed lower mean pulse rates, lower FIS and FLACC scores, higher percentage of children with Frankl's behavior rating score of 4, and better operator compliance in both the Tell-Show-Play-doh and smartphone dentist game groups than in the conventional Tell-Show-Do group. Conclusion: The Tell-Show-Play-doh and smartphone dentist game techniques are effective tools to reduce dental anxiety in pediatric patients.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.186-187
• /
• 2007

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.160-168
• /
• 2019

Purpose: To search the salivary factors that objectively indicate an pain in myalgia patients with temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) and determine the possibility of the factors as pain-biomarkers. Methods: Participants consisted of pain-free 15 persons (male 7, female 8, mean age±standard deviation (SD); 26.8±16.04 years) and 45 myalgia patients with TMD (male 21, female 24, mean age±SD; 27.98±13.01 years). They were divided into a pain-free group (numerical rating scale [NRS] score 0), a mild pain group (NRS 1-4), a moderate pain group (NRS 5-6), and a severe pain group (NRS 7-10) and members of all groups were age, sex matched. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9) were selected as pain biomarkers, by searching the Gene Expression Omnibus database and analyzing pain-related genes. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure the concentration of IL-8 and MMP-9 in the patients' saliva. Results: IL-8 and MMP-9 levels were statistically significantly higher in pain groups than in the pain-free group. Greater differences were observed in patients with acute pain (with painful duration under 3 months) than in the control group and in female patients than in male. Conclusions: Salivary IL-8 and MMP-9 may play a role as biomarkers of myalgia in patients with TMD.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.329-336
• /
• 2021

Background: In the field of dentistry, topical anesthetics play an important role in reducing pain during needle pricks. The anesthetic property of betel leaves remain unexplored, even though they have been widely used for the treatment of various ailments. The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate pain perception following topical application of lignocaine gel, clove gel, ice, and newly developed betel leaf extract gel during intraoral injection in children. Methods: Sixty children aged 6-10 years who met the inclusion criteria were divided into four groups. Topical anesthetic agents, 2% lignocaine (Lox-2% Jelly, Neon, Mumbai, India), 4.7% clove gel (Pain Out Dental Gel, Colgate Palmolive India Ltd, Solan, India), 10% betel leaf extract gel, and ice were applied to each group for one min, followed by administration of infiltration anesthesia. Pain perception was analyzed during needle insertion. The Wong Bakers FACES pain rating scale (WBFPRS) was used for subjective assessment and the Sound, Eye, Motor (SEM) scale for objective assessment. Recorded values were tabulated and subjected to appropriate statistical analysis using SPSS software with a P value set at 0.05. Results: The clove oil and betel leaf groups demonstrated the highest WBFPRS scores, followed by the ice and lignocaine groups. The clove, betel leaf extract, and ice groups showed equal and highest SEM scores, followed by the lignocaine group. The mean WBFPRS and mean SEM scores were statistically significant. Conclusion: Betel leaf extract gel is effective in reducing pain and can act as an alternative topical anesthetic agent.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.227-233
• /
• 2019

Background: Dental anxiety in children is a major barrier in patient management. If dental anxiety in pediatric patients is assessed during the first visit, it will not only aid in management but also help to identify patients who are in need of special care to deal with their fear. Nowadays, children and adults are highly interested in multimedia and are closely associated with them. Children usually prefer motion pictures on electronic devices than still cartoons on paper. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate a newly designed scale, the animated emoji scale (AES), which uses motion emoticons/animojis to assess dental anxiety in children during their first dental visit, and compare it with the Venham picture test (VPT) and facial image scale (FIS). Methods: The study included 102 healthy children aged 4-14 years, whose dental anxiety was measured using AES, VPT, and FIS during their first dental visit, and their scale preference was recorded. Results: The mean anxiety scores measured using AES, FIS, and VPT, represented as $mean{\pm}SD$, were $1.78{\pm}1.19$, $1.93{\pm}1.23$, and $1.51{\pm}1.84$, respectively. There was significant difference in the mean anxiety scores between the three scales (Friedman test, P < 0.001). The Pearson's correlation test showed a very strong correlation (0.73) between AES and VPT, and a strong correlation between AES and FIS (0.88), and FIS and VPT (0.69), indicating good validity of AES. Maximum number of children (74.5%) preferred AES. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the AES is a novel and child-friendly tool for assessing dental anxiety in children.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.52 no.6
• /
• pp.437-454
• /
• 2022

Embryonic stem cells have been a popular research topic in regenerative medicine owing to their pluripotency and applicability. However, due to the difficulty in harvesting them and their low yield efficiency, advanced cell reprogramming technology has been introduced as an alternative. Dental stem cells have entered the spotlight due to their regenerative potential and their ability to be obtained from biological waste generated after dental treatment. Cell reprogramming, a process of reverting mature somatic cells into stem cells, and transdifferentiation, a direct conversion between different cell types without induction of a pluripotent state, have helped overcome the shortcomings of stem cells and raised interest in their regenerative potential. Furthermore, the potential of these cells to return to their original cell types due to their epigenetic memory has reinforced the need to control the epigenetic background for successful management of cellular differentiation. Herein, we discuss all available sources of dental stem cells, the procedures used to obtain these cells, and their ability to differentiate into the desired cells. We also introduce the concepts of cell reprogramming and transdifferentiation in terms of genetics and epigenetics, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA. Finally, we discuss a novel therapeutic avenue for using dental-derived cells as stem cells, and explain cell reprogramming and transdifferentiation, which are used in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.16-20
• /
• 2018

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is frequent complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In the chronic GVHD (cGVHD), the oral cavity is the most commonly affected region. The clinical manifestations include erythema, ulceration, lichenoid-hyperkeratotic change in oral mucosa, dry mouth, and limitation of mouth opening. The initial treatment strategy of oral cGVHD patients is topical corticosteroid therapy in various formulation. However, corticosteroid resistance appears in some patients. We report a case of a 25-year-old male patient with oral cGVHD, who has resistance to topical corticosteroid medication, treated with 0.03% tacrolimus ointment and low-dose doxycycline. The patient showed subjective and objective improvement without side effect.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.265-272
• /
• 2024

Effective pain management is crucial for the successful performance of various endodontic procedures. Painless treatments are made possible by anesthetizing the tooth to be treated using various nerve-block techniques. However, certain circumstances necessitate supplemental anesthetic techniques to achieve profound anesthesia, especially in situations involving a "hot tooth" in which intrapulpal anesthesia (IPA) is employed. IPA is a technique that involves the injection of an anesthetic solution directly into the pulp tissue and is often utilized as the last resort when all other anesthetic techniques have been unsuccessful in achieving complete pulpal anesthesia. This review focuses on the IPA procedure and the factors that influence its success. Additionally, the advantages, limitations, disadvantages, and future directions of IPA are discussed.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.20-24
• /
• 2017

Drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) is an adverse drug reaction mainly described with three types of commonly prescribed drugs, namely, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) (nifedipine, diltiazem, and verapamil), anti-convulsants (phenytoin), and immunosuppressive agents (cyclosporine). Numerous reports have associated gingival overgrowth with the newer generation of immunosuppressive agents (tacrolimus, sirolimus, and everolimus), and CCBs (amlodipine, felodipine, nicardipine, and manidipine). Especially, patients concomitantly medicated with an immunosuppressive agent and CCB have a higher DIGO chance. Dentists need to be aware of drugs that induce gingival overgrowth, the possibility of DIGO, and risk factors, and also prevent the progression of DIGO by early detection of DIGO, consultation about the drug change, and the maintenance of strict dental hygiene regimes.