• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.302-307
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to investigate the sintering behavior, crystallization characteristic of glass-ceramic and optimal sintering condition on the glass/ceramic composite for fabricating substrate of LTCC. Glass/ceramic composite was made from alumina powder and glass frit, which was composed of SiO2-TiO2-RO-PbO/(R: Ba, Sr, Ca), and was sintered for 0, 30, 60minutes in the temperature range from 700$^{\circ}C$ to 1000$^{\circ}C$. Properties of frit and glass/ceramic compsoite were analyzed by DTA, XRD, SEM and Network Analyzer and so on. Main sintering mechanism was densification occurred above 730$^{\circ}C$ by viscous flow and crystallization starting about 780$^{\circ}C$ affected sintering also. So viscous flow was affected by sintering temperature, duration time, and creation of crystallization phase etc. From this study, it was possible to fabricate glass/ceramic composite by changing sintering temperature and duration time.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2012

The consolidation results of fine tungsten powders, W-Cu composite and W/Cu FGM by using a novel method combining resistance sintering with ultra high pressure have been reviewed. The densification effects of the consolidation parameters, including pressure, input power and sintering time, have been investigated. The sintering mechanism of this method was quite different from other sintering methods. Particle rearrangement, sliding, distortion and crushing due to the ultra high pressure are the dominant mehanisms at the initial stage, then the dominant sintering mechanisms are transient arc-fused processes controlled by the input power.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 연약지반처리위원회 학술세미나
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• pp.1-13
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• 1999

The use of Compaction Grouting evolved in the 1950's to correct structural settlement of buildings. Over the almost 50 years, the technology has developed and is currently used in wide range of applications. Compaction Grouting, the injection of a very stiff, 'zero-slump' mortar grout under relatively high pressure, displaces and compacts soils. It can effectively repair natural or man-made soil strength deficiencies in variety of soil formations. Major uses of Compaction Grouting include densifying loose soils or fill voids caused by sinkholes, poorly compacted fills, broken utilities, improper dewatering, or soft ground tunneling excavation. Other application include preventing liquefaction, re-leveling settled structures, and using compaction grout bulbs as structural elements of minipiles or underpinning. The technique replaced slurry injection, or 'pressure grouting', as the preferred method of densification grouting. There are several reasons for the increased use of Compaction Grouting which can be summarized in one word: CONTROL. The low slump grout and injection processes are usually designed to keep the grout in a homogeneous mass at the point of injection, while acceptable in some limited applications, tends to quickly get out of control. Hydraulic soil fracturing can cause extensive grout travel, often well beyond the desired treatment zone. So, on the basis of the two case history constructed in recent year, a study has been peformed to analyze the basic mechanism of the Compaction Grouting and verify the effectiveness of the ground improvement using some test methods.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.232-240
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• 1992

Densification behavior, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties of hot-pressed specimens using $\beta$-SiC and $\alpha$-SiC powder with Al2O3 additive were studied. Beta-SiC powder was fully densified as 205$0^{\circ}C$, but $\alpha$-SiC powder was at 210$0^{\circ}C$. The maximum flexural strength and the fracture toughness of the specimen hot-pressed using $\beta$-SiC powder were 681 MPa and 6.7 MPa{{{{ SQRT {m } }}, and thosevalues of specimen hot-pressed using $\alpha$-SiC powder were 452 MPa and 4.7 MPa{{{{ SQRT {m } }}, respectively. The strength superiority of specimen hot-pressed using $\beta$-SiC powder was due to the finer grain size, and higher density. The higher toughness of specimen hot-pressed using $\beta$-SiC powder than $\alpha$-SiC powder than $\alpha$-SiC powder was due to the crack deflection mechanism arised from the difference of thermal expansion coefficient between $\alpha$ and $\beta$-SiC phases which were co-existed in the sintered body.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.131-135
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• 2004

WC에 소량의 Co를 첨가하여 그에 따른 미세조직의 변화를 관찰하였다. 순수한 WC를 성형하여 그 윗부분에 Co를 올려놓고 195$0^{\circ}C$에서 소결을 행한 결과, WC시편에서는 Co상이 놓여 액상을 형성한 영역으로부터 거리에 따라 입자의 크기와 모양이 다른 활발한 비정상입성장이 관찰되었다. 그러나, Co상이 놓인 영역으로부터 떨어진 시편 아래 영역에서는 낮은 치밀화와 함께 비정상입성장은 일어나지 않았다. 즉, Co 액상량은 WC의 비정상입성장 현상에 지대한 영향을 주었으며, 이러한 비정장입정장 현상은 2차원 핵생성 기구와 그에 따른 입성장기구로 설명이 가능하였다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.9-19
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• 1999

The use of compaction grouting evolved in 1950's to correct structural settlement of buildings. Over the almost 50 years, the technology has been developed and is currently used in wide range of applications. Compaction grouting, the injection of a very stiff, 'zero-slump' mortar grout under relatively high pressure, displaces and compacts soils. It can effectively repair natural or man-made soil strength deficiencies in variety of soil formations. Major applications of compaction grouting include densifying loose soils or fill voids caused by sinkholes, poorly compacted fills, broken utilities, improper dewatering, or soft ground tunneling excavation. Other applications include preventing liquefaction, re-leveling settled structures, and using compaction grout bulbs as structural elements of minipiles or underpinning. In this paper, on the basis of the case history constructed in this year, a study has been performed to analyze the basic mechanism of the compaction grouting. Also, the effectiveness of the ground improvement and the bearing capacity of the compaction pile has been verified by the Cone Penetration Test(CPT) and Load Test. Relatively uniform compaction grouting column could be maintained by planning the quality control in the course of grouting. And, the Qualify Control Plan has been conceived using grout pressure, volume of grout and drilling depth.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.811-816
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• 1997

SiO2-P2O5-B2O3 glass soot was fabricated by flame hydrolysis deposition and their properties by SEM, XRD, TGA-DSC were investigated., The mechanism of consolidation process of a glass soot as a function of consolidation temperature was analyzed by SEM observations. In the XRD patterns, the crystalline peaks which seem to be generated from B2O3 and BPO4 were observed. When the temperature of heat treatment exceeded 105$0^{\circ}C$, the non-crystalline state of SiO2-P2O5-B2O3 glass was observed. In the TGA-DSC curves, the evaporation of water molecule by a sudden endothermic reaction was observed at 128$^{\circ}C$ and a broad endothermic peak was seen in the temperature range of 40$0^{\circ}C$-95$0^{\circ}C$, without any weight loss. Finally, this peak was began to recover its baseline at 953$^{\circ}C$. This point is equal to the temperature at which the densification begins. Furthermore, we observed that the addition of dopants such as P2O5 and B2O3 decrease the onset of consolidation temperature till 95$0^{\circ}C$.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.452-455
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• 2009

A cost-effective route to synthesize $\beta$-SiAlONs from Si mixtures by reaction bonding followed by post-sintering was investigated. Three different z values, 0.45, 0.92 and 1.87, in $Si_{6-z}Al_zO_zN_{8-z}$ without excess liquid phase were selected to elucidate the mechanism of SiAlON formation and densification. For RBSN (reaction-bonded silicon nitride) specimens prior to post-sintering, nitridation rates of more than 90% were achieved by multistep heating to $1400^{\circ}C$ in flowing 5%$H_2$/95%$N_2$; residual Si was not detected by XRD analysis. An increase in density was acquired with increasing z values in post-sintered specimens, and this tendency was explained by the presence of higher amounts of transient liquid phase at larger z values. Measured z values from the synthesized $\beta$-SiAlONs were similar to the values calculated for the starting compositions. Slight deviations in z values between measurements and calculations were rationalized by a reasonable application of the characteristics of the nitriding and post-sintering processes.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 제37회 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1448-1449
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• 2006

Pb(Zr,Ti)$O_3$ is one of the most attractive ferroelectric materials for realizing the FeRAM due to its higher remanant polarization and the ability to withstand higher coercive fields. Generally, the ferroelectric materials were patterned by a plasma etching process for high-density FeRAM. The applicable possibility of CMP process to pattern Pb(Zr,Ti)$O_3$ instead of plasma etching process was investigated in our previous study for improvement of an angled sidewall which prevents the densification of ferroelectric memory and is apt to receive the plasma damage. Our previous study showed that good removal rate with the excellent surface roughness compared to plasma etching process were obtained by CMP process for the patterning of Pb(Zr,Ti)$O_3$. The suitable selectivity to TEOS without any damage to the structural property of Pb(Zr,Ti)$O_3$ was also guaranteed. In this study, the removal mechanism of $Pb_{1.1}(Zr_{0.52}Ti_{0.48})O_3$ coated by sol-gel method was investigated. Surface analysis of polished specimens at the best and worst conditions was carried out by XPS.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.811-816
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 소각재와 첨가제가 인공 골재의 용융상 형성 및 경량화에 미치는 영향과 인공 경량골재의 발포기구에 관하여 연구하였다. 인공 경량 골재 실험은 점토를 주원료로 하였으며 소각재는 0∼30wt%를 첨가하였고, 첨가재는 $Na_2CO_3,\;CaCo_3,\;K_2CO_3,\;MgCO_3$와 소량의 폐오일을 사용하였다. 점토/소각재/첨가재계 인공 경량골재 실험 결과 $CaCO_3와\;MgCO_3$ 첨가는 용융상 형성을 촉진하였으며, $Na_2CO_3$는 용융상 형성뿐만 아니라 골재의 경량화에 영향을 주었다. 폐오일을 첨가제로 사용한 결과 0.5wt% 이상 첨가시 골재의 경량화에 영향을 주었다. 소각재는 첨가량이 증가할수록 골재의 용융상 형성이 증가하였으나, 소각재 10wt%, 폐오일 2wt%, 1200$^{\circ}$C 소성조건이 인공 골재의 발포 및 용융상 형성과 함께 급격한 가스발포에 의한 부피 팽창이 일어나며, 최종적으로 표면 및 내부에 치밀한 소결상이 형성되는 것을 알 수 있었다.