• 한국해양학회지
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.324-331
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• 1991

Laboratory experiments were undertaken in mixing chamber to study the water-in-oil emulsion formation tendency, stability and formation rate of 16 crude oils. Arabian, Iran, Dubai, Isthmus and Daekyung crudes showed high emulsion formation tendency and had water contents of 80-90%. Emulsions of crude oils of middle East were very stable, while Isthmus and Daekyung sudes formed unstable emulsion. Emulsion formation tendency rate, and stability showed significant correlations with asphaltene content of crude oil. To evaluate the possibility of preventing mousse formation, inhibition ability of several dispersants and demulsifier was tested. They inhibited mousse formation at 0.1-0.2% concentrations (v/v). Emulsion inhibition by chemical treatment delayed the time of formation, but did not decrease water content. Demulsifying ability of dispersants and demulsifier was tested because biscous emulsion causes formidable problems in skimming, pumping and recovery operation. British demulsifier Alcohol 0 showed excellent emulsion breaking efficiency at 0.1% of emulsion Vol..

• Clean Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2009

In this study, the separation of water/bitumen emulsion was investigated by chemical demulsification method. Motor oils (GS Caltex Deluxe Gold V 7.5W/30, Hyundai gear oil 85W/140) and asphalt (AP-5, KS M 2201, Dongnam Petrochemical MFG. Co.) were used as model oils in the preliminary experiments to effectively remove water from water/bitumen emulsion. The bitumen extracted from Canadian oilsands was used in this study. The water/oil emulsion was not separated without demulsifiers, and Hyundai motor oil showed higher efficiency of water separation at a low concentration of demulsifier compared with that for GS Caltex motor oil. However, as the concentration increased, the efficiency did not rapidly increase compared with that of GS Caltex motor oil. It was highly speculated that the water phase of Hyundai motor oil was not dispersed well compared with that of GS Caltex motor oil because the viscosity of Hyundai motor oil was much higher than that of GS Caltex motor oil. The demulsifier of higher HLB (hydrophilic - lipophilic balance) value had high separation efficiencies in water/oil emulsion. The TWEEN 20 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate solution) showed better separation efficiency than other demulsifiers.

• Clean Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.140-147
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• 2013

In this study, chemical demulsification and electrical treatment methods were investigated for improving the efficiency of water separation from a water/bitumen emulsion. Two types of motor oils (GS Caltex, Deluxe Gold V 7.5 W/30 and, Hyundai gear oil 85 W/140) were used as model oils in basic experiments to investigate the effects of a demulsifier on water/oil emulsion separation. Chemical demulsifiers showing good water separation performance were then used in asphalt emulsion and bitumen emulsion separation trials. Maleic anhydride and e-caprolactam were shown to be good oil soluble demulsifiers and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and acrylic acid were effective as water soluble demulsifiers. Based on the results obtained in basic experiments, these four demulsifiers were used in further asphalt emulsion experiments. The oil soluble demulsifiers showed higher water separation efficiencies than the water soluble demulsifiers. To investigate the water separation efficiency using a combined chemical and electrical treatment method, the water/bitumen emulsion was separated with the electrical oil treatment apparatus after a chemical demulsifier had been added to it.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1509-1516
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• 2012

Nano-assisted inclusion separation of alkali metals from basic solutions was reported by inclusion-facilitated emulsion liquid membrane process. The novelty of this study is application of nano-baskets of calixarene in the selective and efficient separation of alkali metals as both the carrier and the surfactant. For this aim, four derivatives of $p-tert-calix$[4]arene bearing different sulfonamide moieties were synthesized and their inclusion-extraction parameters were optimized including the calixarene scaffold $\mathbf{3}$ (4 wt %) as the carrier/demulsifier, the commercial kerosene as diluent in membrane, sulphonic acid (0.2 M) and ammonium carbonate (0.4 M) as the strip and the feed phases, the phase and the treat ratios of 0.8 and 0.3, mixing speed (300 rpm), and initial solute concentration (100 mg/L). The selectivity of membrane over more than ten interfering cations was examined and the results reveled that under the optimized operating condition, the degree of inclusion-extraction of alkali metals was as high as 98-99%.